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Biomedical subjects

J Escourrou

Publications and source records attributed to J Escourrou.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The pharmacokinetics of bendazac-lysine and 5-hydroxybendazac, its main metabolite, in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

We have studied the pharmacokinetics of bendazac and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxybendazac, in 11 patients with hepatic cirrhosis after the oral administration of a single 500 mg tablet of bendazac-lysine, and compared them with those obtained from 10 healthy adults. The rate of absorption of bendazac, as assessed by tmax and Cmax, is similar in patients and in healthy subjects. The drug is eliminated mostly by metabolism in healthy adults, more than 60% of the dose being excreted in the urine as 5-hydroxybendazac and its glucuronide. Hepatic insufficiency impairs this metabolism, a two-fold decrease in apparent plasma clearance (CL/f) being observed in the patients. Although the plasma unbound fraction of bendazac is increased in patients (the drug is highly bound to plasma albumin), the apparent volume of distribution (V/f) is unchanged. In consequence, the half-life of bendazac is increased two-fold in the patients. Impairment of metabolism decreases the formation of 5-hydroxybendazac, but metabolism remains the main route of its elimination. Renal excretion of bendazac accounts for about 10% of the dose in both patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects. We conclude that in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency the daily dose of bendazac-lysine should be halved.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Posttraumatic false aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery. Apropos of a case report and review of the medical literature].

Traumatic false aneurysm of superficial temporal artery is infrequent. About 21 cases were published during these last fifty-three years (1932-1985) in medical literature. The authors report a case of traumatic false aneurysm in a 50 y. o. woman, having had a frontal trauma one month before. They discuss the physiopathologic mechanism of this rare lesion. False aneurysm is always secondary to an arterial wall rupture. This rupture may be complete in arterial wound or partial with disruption of intima and media in simple contusion. It depends not only on the nature and the intensity of the trauma but also on the particular topography of the artery which is prone to such a complication.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of rectal cancer with the neodymium-YAG laser].

Fifty-two non-surgical patients presenting rectal carcinoma were treated initially with palliative laser Nd-YAG. Their mean age was 79 years (49-92). Thirty patients had a severe diarrheic syndrome, associated with tenesmus in 27 cases; 20 patients had repeated hematochezia (5 presenting diarrhea as well); 6 had obstructive signs and one was symptom-free. Thirty lesions were less than 6 cm in size, 12 were between 7 and 10 cm and 10 were greater than 10 cm. Twenty-two lesions were circumferential. During the study period, 444 laser sessions were performed (mean 8.5/patient). Bleeding was stopped in all cases during the first session. Improvement of the diarrheic syndrome, obtained in 24 of the 30 patients, was correlated with the reduction of tumor volume. Tenesmus disappeared after 1 or 2 sessions, regardless of whether the tumor was destroyed or not. Failure was observed in 6 patients with lesions larger than 10 cm. Colostomy was avoided in 4 of the 6 obstructed patients. Negative biopsies were repeatedly obtained after mucosal repair in 9 patients with small lesions (less than 6 cm). Mean follow-up is now 8.2 months for the patients still alive. Complications were: 2 cicatricial stenosis and 3 hemorrhages (one required blood transfusion). Laser Nd-YAG allows palliative but conservative and effective treatment for rectal cancers. Although complete destruction is possible for small lesions, indications with curative intent are currently limited to patients with major contraindications to surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Presence of hormonal polypeptides in the pure pancreatic secretion in man under stimulation by cerulein and secretin].

We have investigated in stimulated human pancreatic juice the presence of the following peptides: insulin, glucagon, gastrin, somatostatin, VIP and secretin. Collection of pancreatic juice (3 periods: 20 min each) was completed by endoscopic cannulation of the pancreatic duct during the infusion of secretin (0.5 U/kg/h) and cerulein (75 ng/kg/h) in 6 healthy volunteers. Pure pancreatic juice was recovered in the presence of kallikrein inhibitor (iniprol 8,000 U/ml) in refrigerated collection tubes (4 degrees C). The material was acidified, boiled for 5 min and centrifuged. Radioimmunoassays were performed on the supernatant solutions. The elution profiles on Sephadex G 25 gel filtration of the immunoreactivities were compared with standard samples of hormones, immuno-reactive insulin, glucagon and somatostatin were found in every sample: insulin was present at a constant level (50 microU/ml) during the three periods of collection; glucagon was encountered in large amounts in the first sample and decreased significantly during the subsequent periods; somatostatin which occurred at a low level during the first period was significantly increased in the following periods. Gastrin, VIP and secretin were undetectable or only inconstantly found in very small amounts. These results are in agreement with a two-directional secretion of the human pancreatic endocrine cells. The cellular origin and function of these exocrine secreted peptides need further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of CM 57755, a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, after single oral doses in man.

The plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of CM 57755, an H2-receptor antagonist, were studied after administration of single oral doses in a range between a 100 and 700 mg in human volunteers. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated model-independent. Absorption of CM 57755 was bimodal and the maximum plasma concentration was reached between 2 and 4 h after dosing. The drug was widely distributed with an apparent volume of distribution between 140 and 200 l. The plasma clearance was between 56 and 69 L/h. The plasma concentrations declined following a monoexponential function with an elimination half-life of 2 h. No modification in the plasma clearance or other pharmacokinetic parameters with these doses was observed. Therefore, a linear pharmacokinetic profile of CM 57755 was proposed. About 40% of the parent drug was unchanged in urine excreted over the 24 h. The drug was compared with cimetidine and ranitidine, the three compounds seemed to exhibit a consistent pharmacokinetic profile.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Yag laser photocoagulation and monopolar electrohydrocoagulation: randomized study of the hemostatic effect on experimental hemorrhagic ulcer in dogs].

The purpose of this randomized study was to compare the effects of two methods of hemostasis--photocoagulation using YAG Neodyme laser and liquid monopolar electrocoagulation--on acute experimental bleeding ulcers created in the dog stomach with an ulcer-maker. One hundred and fifty-three lesions were made and randomized into 3 groups; 51 lesions were treated with photocoagulation and complete hemostasis was achieved in all cases. Hemostasis was obtained in 80 p. 100 of 51 ulcers treated with liquid electrocoagulation. Control untreated ulcers remained hemorrhagic after 45 min of observation. The mean external muscle injury on day 7 was 55 p. 100 after photocoagulation and 65 p. 100 after liquid electrocoagulation. On day 14, mean external injury was 60 p. 100 after photocoagulation and 75 p. 100 after liquid electrocoagulation (non-significant difference). On day 7, the mean re-epithelization index, expressed as the percentage of the original ulcer diameter, ranged from 8 to 10 p. 100 in each trial group. On day 14, reepithelization covered 78 p. 100 of control ulcers and 72 p. 100 of photocoagulated ulcers (NS). This percentage falls to 47 p. 100 in ulcers treated with liquid electrocoagulation (p less than 0.01 when compared with ulcers treated with photocoagulation). Photocoagulation seemed to be more efficient in ensuring hemostasis and external muscle injury was correlated with the energy delivered. External muscle injury could not be controlled by liquid electrocoagulation. However the difference in the percentages of mean external muscle injury between the two methods was not significant. Therefore, in man, the risk of perforation is certainly slight and not very different whatever the method of hemostasis considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Early and late complications after endoscopic sphincterotomy for biliary lithiasis with and without the gall bladder 'in situ'.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy has gained wide acceptance in the treatment of biliary lithiasis. We attempted endoscopic sphincterotomy in 443 patients and were successful in 407 (92%). Sphincterotomy was carried out with the gall bladder in situ in 234 cases (57%) of advanced age or high surgical risk. Immediate complications occurred in 7%, of which haemorrhage was the most frequent. The mortality rate was 1.5%. Three hundred and sixteen endoscopic sphincterotomies were performed more than six months before writing and follow up was available for 226 (72%) from six to 78 months. Late complications were observed in 16 patients with gall bladder 'in situ' (12%); the most frequent was cholecystitis in 6%. In five patients of the group without gall bladder, four had cholangitis related to retained or recurrent stones, and one restenosed . No episodes of cholangitis were observed in patients without stones despite reflux of barium up the biliary tree as observed during a barium meal examination.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Histological variations of the duodenal mucosa in chronic human pancreatitis.

From 16 volunteers with chronic pancreatitis and 36 healthy subjects duodenal biopsies were taken 15--20 cm beyond the papilla of Vater. Several morphometric parameters were calculated. The main results show: a significant decrease of villous area and height but not of the number of intestinal villi; a significant increase of Paneth cells; and a slight decrease in the number of glandular mitoses. This study suggests in man, a possible relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and the intestinal mucosa and a trophic action of pancreatic juice on the proliferation and the differentiation of the intestinal mucosa.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Experimental study of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of bleeding canine gastric ulcers.

We report experimental results obtained by laser photocoagulation on hemorrhagic lesions induced in dogs. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the real efficiency of the YAG laser to ensure hemostasis of briskly bleeding lesions; 2) to determine the minimum energy density necessary to ensure hemostasis; 3) to assess the damage depth inside the gastric wall after photocoagulation; 4) to compare reepithelialization of treated ulcers with that of control ulcers; 5) to evaluate the safety margin for the clinical use of the YAG laser.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Long term effects of H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine and ranitidine) on the human gastric and duodenal mucosa.

Cytological effects of two H2-receptor antagonists on the gastric and duodenal mucosa were studied during therapy of active duodenal ulcer (D.U.) in man. After endoscopic diagnosis (day 0), subjects were treated with cimetidine or ranitidine and re-examined on day 30. Only subjects with healed D.U. on day 30 were retained in this study. Gastric, pyloric and duodenal endoscopic biopsies were taken and treated for further morphometrical analysis both by light and electron microscopy. The use of the immunoperoxidase technique allowed evaluation of G and D cell populations. Kinetic parameters in proliferative zones were measured after in vitro incubation of biopsies with 3H-thymidine. No differences could be seen between the two H2-receptor antagonists. Increase of tubulovesicles and decrease of canaliculi in parietal cells are closely related to the inhibitory effect of these drugs on acid secretion. However secretory capacities of parietal cells are preserved since the whole membrane (tubulovesicle + canaliculi surface) remained constant. The collapsed aspect of the tubulovesicles on day 30 and the presence of connections between the tubulovesicle membrane, with both vesicle and canaliculi membrane, could support the theory of osmotic membrane expansion during parietal cell acid secretion. H2-receptor antagonists have been shown to be trophic in duodenal mucosa: both villi and microvilli area are increased. Confirming these findings, the proliferative compartment in the intestinal crypts was shown to be enlarged. No variation of G cell number could be seen in the antral mucosa; clear intracytoplasmic granules were increased in D.U. on day 0 but were not further modified on day 30. Somatostatin labelling index decreased. These last findings associated with the lack of G cell variations, suggest the presence of a possible paracrine modulation in the gastric and duodenal mucosa.

Biopsy↗