More accurate noninvasive estimation of prostate size is important in therapeutic trials for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The accuracy of MRI and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in assessing prostate weight was evaluated in 48 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for stage A or B cancer. The volume derived from the wet weight of the freshly excised specimen was used as a reference. We compared that volume with volume estimates derived from the three-axis linear dimension measurement by MRI and TRUS using a tissue density of 1.05 g/cc and the standard formula for an ellipsoid object. Prostate and seminal vesicle volumes were also computed by contouring T2-weighted 5 mm thick contiguous MR images using a semiautomatic edge detection program and pixel summation. Three-axis volume MRI method versus volume from wet weight has slightly less scatter than TRUS three-axis method (r = 0.85 vs r = 0.81). Contoured MR volume method has the least scatter r = 0.93, statistically better than the linear axis method. Contoured MRI volumetric analysis appears superior to linear MRI or TRUS methods in estimating true prostate volume.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Early diagnosis of oral cancer.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood safety.

Since blood is a biologic product, it is unlikely that the risk for transfusion-transmitted infection will ever be reduced to zero. The approach to emerging infections associated with transfusion of blood and blood products includes assessing the transmissibility of the agent by this route; developing effective prevention strategies, including screening tests and donor deferral policies; improving viral and bacterial inactivation procedures; and surveillance for known, as well as emerging and poorly characterized, transfusion-transmitted agents. Vigilance is needed to help ensure proper balance between safety and the availability of blood. Finally, vigilance needs to extend to the developing world, where the basic elements to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections and systems of disease surveillance are often not available.

Biological Products↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of cardiovascular drug therapy.

Commonly used cardiovascular medications have neuropsychiatric effects, which can be either harmful or of therapeutic benefit to patients. For example, sedation and mental depression have been described with centrally acting antihypertensive drugs and beta-adrenergic drugs, and are related to their antiadrenergic actions. At the same time, because of these antiadrenergic actions, agents like clonidine have been used for treatment of opiate, alcohol, and nicotine withdrawal, and beta blockers have been used to treat performance anxiety and psychocardiac disorders. Antiarrhythmic drugs have been associated with delirium, and digitalis toxicity can be associated with hallucinations, mania, euphoria, and depression. Antiarrhythmic agents such as verapamil are used as adjunctive treatment for managing patients with bipolar disorders. Because neuropsychiatric disorders can be seen in patients with cardiovascular disease, it is important for the clinician to be aware of the possible relationships between these disorders and concurrent cardiovascular drug therapy. The neuropsychiatric actions of antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and hypolipidemic agents are discussed in this article.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied