Fibrinogen showed essentially no binding (KD > 1 mM) to platelet alpha IIb beta 3 integrin in solution in the presence of Triton or octylglucoside above critical micellar concentrations. Under these conditions the integrin was an alpha beta monomer. After removal of the detergent from the Triton containing buffer (25 mM Tris/HCl;, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4) the integrin formed aggregates with hexamers as the most prominent species, as demonstrated by analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy. Tracer sedimentation equilibrium experiments indicate that fibrinogen binds to the integrin aggregates, but with a surprisingly large KD (at least 3 microM). This value is 10- to 100-fold higher than values determined by solid phase assays or with integrins reconstituted onto lipid bilayers.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Antagonism by alpha methyltyrosine of the ethanol-induced stimulation and euphoria in man.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Analgesic efficacy of an ibuprofen-codeine combination.

Subjects who had undergone dental impaction surgery and who had moderate to severe postoperative pain were given, under double-blind, randomized conditions, a single dose of either codeine 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, aspirin 650 mg + codeine 60 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg + codeine 60 mg, or placebo. A total of 249 subjects were included in the statistical analysis. On a report form, subjects recorded pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects hourly for four hours. They also gave an overall impression at the end of the observation period. Analysis of variance and pairwise contrasts were used to analyze the data. For the sum of pain intensity differences, the total of the hourly pain relief scores, and overall impression, there was a significant analgesic effect for codeine, aspirin, and ibuprofen and no significant interaction when they were used in combination. Ibuprofen alone was statistically superior to aspirin and also achieved higher mean scores than the aspirin-codeine combination. The ibuprofen-codeine combination was the most effective treatment for every analgesic parameter, but it was not statistically superior to ibuprofen alone. The possibility exists that the ibuprofen-codeine combination peaked out the sensitivity of the model. There was no notable difference in the frequency or intensity of side effects among the treatment groups, and no subject had to withdraw due to an adverse effect. This study again confirms the superiority of ibuprofen to aspirin and suggests that ibuprofen is at least as effective as an aspirin-codeine combination. Codeine added a small amount of additional analgesia when used in combination with ibuprofen.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A multicenter clinical trial of Gadolite Oral Suspension as a contrast agent for MRI.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of Gadolite Oral Suspension as a gastrointestinal (GI) contrast agent for MRI in a phase II and two phase III multicenter clinical trials. Gadolite was administered to 306 patients with known or suspected abdominal and/or pelvic disease. MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences was performed before and after ingestion. Efficacy was evaluated by having two masked readers rate the certainty of their MR diagnosis (0 = uncertain, 1 = probable, 2 = definite) on randomly presented pre- and post-Gadolite Oral Suspension enhanced images. Principal investigators also evaluated the images and established the final diagnosis. Vital signs, clinical chemistries, and adverse events were documented. Blood and urine samples were analyzed for gadolinium content to determine whether Gadolite Oral Suspension was absorbed systemically. Certainty in MR diagnosis increased significantly (P < .001) for both blinded readers between pre- and post-Gadolite images (.49-1.18 for reader 1: .46-1.53 for reader 2). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy also increased for both masked readers. No gadolinium was detected in blood or urine samples. There were no serious adverse events and no apparent drug-related trends in mean vital signs or laboratory values. Gadolite is a highly effective, safe, and well tolerated contrast agent for clinical use with MRI.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

To trim or replant: a matter of cost.

Many factors are involved in the decision whether to complete the amputation of an injured digit and trim the stump or to replant the amputated member. This paper compares the cost of these two treatments so that this financial aspect might be included among the many factors which influence the surgeon's decision. The cost of these treatments was separated into two aspects. First, the overall cost of the medical and surgical expenses was calculated. Second, the cost which the Israeli social security granted the injured worker due to the disability was calculated. By comparing the total surgical and medical costs of amputations and replantations, trimming is far less expensive than replantation. In the long run, the compensation the insurer owes the disabled trimmed patient is far higher than the compensation given to those who were successfully replanted, provided the injured worker has a certain number of working years to retirement and has a yearly income of a certain level. Thus, in most cases, replantation is recommended from the cost benefit aspect.

Amputation, Traumatic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Critical evaluation of animal models for localization-related epilepsies.

There are many forms of human partial seizures and many human localization-related epilepsies. Idiopathic epilepsies undoubtedly have pathophysiologic substrates different from those of symptomatic epilepsies, and there is evidence that some forms of limbic epilepsy involve different epileptogenic mechanisms than neocortical epilepsies. Although these mechanisms are best studied and understood by direct investigations of patients, this is often impractical and experimental animal models are also necessary. The use of experimental animals requires that the relevance of each model to a human condition be determined. Human epilepsies are comprised of multiple component parts which can be modeled independently. For instance, acute animal models provide opportunities to study epileptic seizures, but chronic models are necessary for investigation of processes relevant to epileptic conditions, such as epileptogenesis, transition from interictal to ictal state, and long-term consequences of epilepsy. Interactions between localized epileptic activity and cerebral maturation can also be studied in the animal laboratory. Experimental animal models of human partial seizures and localization-related epilepsies can be used to further investigations on basic mechanisms that cannot be pursued in patients, and to develop hypotheses concerning the fundamental neuronal processes underlying epilepsy and epilepsy-related phenomena that subsequently can be validated in patients. In addition, it would be of great clinical utility to develop animal models of partial seizures or localization-related epilepsy that could be used cost-effectively to screen potential anti-epileptic drugs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral stimulation induced by ethanol withdrawal.

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Alcoholism↗