Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Eng

Publications and source records attributed to J Eng.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ontogeny of molecular forms of CCK-peptides in rat brain and gut.

COOH-terminal immunoreactive cholecystokinin (iCCK) in methanol and acid extracts of brain and gut in the developing rat between 3 and 28 days after birth and in the adult has been fractionated on Sephadex G50. The single peak observed in methanol extracts of brain has an elution volume identical to that of CCK8. Acid extracts of brain contain only 10% as much iCCK as methanol extracts in a molecular form that appears to be a larger precursor because its elution volume on Sephadex is earlier than that of CCK33 or 39. Methanol extracts of duodenum at all ages contain a molecular form which is larger than CCK12 and about equal in abundance to CCK8. Acid extracts of rat duodenum contain 3 peaks: one elutes in the region of a previously described precursor form, CCK58: another co-elutes with CCK33 or 39; the third peak appears to be lower in molecular weight and is most prominent in the 2 week rat duodenum. Whether the larger iCCK found in methanol extracts or the smaller form found in acid extracts is derived from a common CCK precursor is yet to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hereditary abnormalities of the OKT4 human lymphocyte epitope in two families.

The lymphocytes of two unrelated black individuals exhibited no immunofluorescent staining by a monoclonal antibody, OKT4, that reacts with T helper/inducer cells, but the lymphocytes reacted normally with four other monoclonal antibodies that identify T helper cells. Four first-degree relatives of these individuals were available for study. They had a normal proportion of OKT4+ lymphocytes but these cells had approximately half the normal number of OKT4 sites. This abnormality appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive state.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Urinary immunoreactive gastrin in normal subjects.

Gastrin can readily be concentrated from 10 to 50 ml of urine with better than 90% recovery using octadecylsilyl (ODS) silica columns (C18 Sep-Pak cartridge) and then measured by radioimmunoassay. Fractionation on Sephadex G50 gel filtration reveals that the apparent immunoreactivity is not due to nonspecific interference in the assay system but does correspond to the two known forms of gastrin, the 17 and 34 amino acid peptides. Renal clearance of gastrin in 5 normal subjects does not appear to differ in the fasted and fed state and ranged from 0.09 to 0.26 ml/min with an average of 0.16 +/- 0.05 (S.D.) ml/min. Urinary gastrin excretion in the overnight fasting state was generally less than 0.005 pmol/hr/kg body weight and fell to lower levels after a 20-hour fast. Increased urinary gastrin output was observed following feeding. Gastrin output in urine in 7 subjects ranged from 6.8 to 10.2 pmol/24 hr with an average of 8.5 +/- 1.5 (S.D.) pmol/24 hr. A single determination of renal gastrin clearance and 24-hour gastrin urinary output appears to be sufficient for the determination of averaged plasma gastrin levels in normal subjects without renal disease. Similar methodology should be applicable to a variety of other peptidal hormones as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cloned cDNA to cholecystokinin mRNA predicts an identical preprocholecystokinin in pig brain and gut.

Molecular cloning has established the structure of preprocholecystokinin in porcine cerebral cortex and duodenal mucosa. This precursor is 114 amino acids long, is identical in brain and gut, contains all the cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides previously isolated, and has the characteristics of a prohormone. It contains a putative amino-terminal signal peptide, basic processing sites, and a carboxyl-terminal amidation signal. The CCK mRNAs from brain and gut are approximately 850 nucleotides long and differ by only a few single base changes. This analysis establishes by a strict criterion that CCK is synthesized in both brain and gut and that the different distributions of molecular forms of CCK in the two tissues are most probably a consequence of tissue-specific posttranslational events.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Duration of incubation of aerobic blood cultures--a comparison of recovery rates following blind subcultures after 0-2, 4 and 9 days.

5,465 aerobic blood culture bottles were examined with 3 blind subcultures: 1. at the arrival of the cultures in the laboratory (0-2 days after their collection), 2. after 4 days' incubation, and 3. after 9 days' incubation. Growth was detected at subculture 1 in 77.0%, at subculture 2 in 20.6% and at subculture 3 in 2.4% of the positive cultures. Only 2 isolates (Staphylococcus aureus 1 bottle, Klebsiella species 1 bottle, 0.48% of total positives) were recovered in the final subculture only.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1984

Bacterial shock due to transfusion with Yersinia enterocolitica infected blood.

A fatal case (a 55-yr-old man) of bacterial shock and sepsis following a transfusion with erythrocytes infected with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 03, is reported. The blood donor had slight diarrhea 6 days before the blood donation. A serum sample from the donor showed high titre of both IgG and IgM antibodies against Y. enterocolitica 03, indicating a recent infection. Y. enterocolitica 03 was isolated from blood cultures from the patient. The remaining portion of the transfused erythrocyte concentrate also yielded abundant growth of the same organism on direct plating of the material on blood agar indicating that profuse multiplication of the organism had occurred within the transfusion bag during storage at 4 degrees C.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1983

Ontogeny of immunoreactive CCK, VIP and secretin in rat brain and gut.

Immunoreactive cholecystokinin (iCCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (iVIP) and secretin (iSEC) were determined in the brain and various gut regions in the developing rat between 3 and 28 days after birth and in the adult. From the different patterns observed with these three peptides, it is concluded that in rat neural tissues, peptide concentrations (iCCK in brain, iVIP in brain and gut) increase continuously until about 4 weeks. Concentrations in mucosal tissues (iSEC in gut) are equal to or higher than adult values 3 days after birth. Gut iCCK (found both in neuronal and mucosal tissues) peaks at about 2 weeks, presumably due to concentrations increasing in the former and decreasing in the latter tissues.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Insulin in the central nervous system.

In summary, before hypothesizing synthesis of insulin in nonpancreatic tissues, one must determine with some accuracy the insulin concentrations in tissues such as the brain of various species or in IM-9 lymphocytes, or of non-guinea pig insulin in guinea pig tissues. If the concentrations are no more than a few percentage points of the levels initially reported by the NIH laboratory (Havrankova et al., 1978, 1979; Rosenzweig et al., 1980a,b), then some explanation should be given for the erroneously high concentrations that they earlier reported. If the very much lower concentrations that we have reported (Eng and Yalow, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982; Bauman et al., 1982) are the true levels, then attempts to demonstrate synthesis in extrapancreatic tissues either by amino acid incorporation or by the methodology that has been described by Giddings et al. (1982) are doomed to failure. Our observations that transfer from the periphery can result in insulin levels in the brains of small-brained but not of large-brained animals comparable to or even, on occasion, higher than plasma levels when plasma levels are falling can account for our earlier observations (Eng and Yalow, 1979, 1980) that in rat but not in dog or rabbit brain insulin concentrations may be comparable to plasma levels. Furthermore, the absence of mechanisms in nonendocrine cells for the complex processing of insulin precursors to the 6000-dalton peptide and the absence of proinsulin in the extracts of the variety of tissues reported from the NIH laboratory suggest that the insulin found in these extracts was ultimately derived from pancreatic insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The role of CCK-like peptides in appetite regulation.

The physiological dose levels for the classically defined functions of CCK peptides, i.e., their effect on gall bladder contraction and release of pancreatic enzymes, are well established. However, the reported effects of peripheral administration of these peptides on regulation of satiety are achieved only at levels greatly in excess of the physiological range achieved in response to feeding. Thus, endogenous peripheral CCK alone would appear not to be the physiological satiety factor. The observations by Della-Fera et al. (1981) that lateral ventricular infusion into sheep of antibody to CCK results in increased feeding, if confirmed by other investigators and in other species, is the strongest evidence for a CSF-mediated role for CCK peptides in the regulation of satiety. However, numerous reports now delineate a variety of other CNS functions for these peptides. With so many effects reported, it is difficult at present to be certain which are real, which are direct or acting indirectly through another system, or which are the physiologically important functions. It can be expected that another decade will be required to sort out and define fully the multiple roles of CCK peptides that are synthesized independently in mucosal and in neuronal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pig brain contains cholecystokinin octapeptide and several cholecystokinin desoctapeptides.

A sequential method employing methanol extraction of the COOH-terminal fragment of cholecystokinin (CCK) from pig brain followed by HCl extraction of the more basic CCK peptides was used as the first step in purification of these peptides. Recovery was monitored with two different assays, one directed to the COOH terminus of CCK and the other to the NH2 terminus. The amino acid content and sequence were determined for each of five peptides after purification. The only peptide containing COOH-terminal immunoreactivity was CCK-octapeptide (CCK8). The other four peptides did not contain CCK8 and had lost one or two additional amino acids, perhaps as a consequence of the action of carboxypeptidases. These peptides were shown to be CCK33-desnonapeptide, CCK39-desnonapeptide and -desdecapeptide, and a large molecular weight precursor, CCK58-desnonapeptide, containing 19 amino acids (Ala-Val-Gln-Lys-Val-Asp-Gly-Glu-Ser-Arg-Ala-His-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu-Leu-Ala-Arg) NH2-terminal to CCK39. The three NH2-terminal fragments of CCK58, CCK39, and CCK33 were about equally prominent. The brain, unlike the gut, appears to cleave CCK8 rapidly from a precursor peptide but to process the NH2-terminal portions of the molecule more slowly and incompletely.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Indoor radon measurements in New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.

The distribution of 222Rn concentrations in 33 buildings near Canonsburg, PA, Lewiston, NY and Middlesex, NJ was investigated over a 2-yr period. One or 2 week-long time-integrated measurements of radon concentration, repeated several times during the study period, were obtained in the living and working areas of the buildings. Average air concentrations of radon, measured over the study period, varied from 0.32 to 4.5 pCi/l. among the buildings, but in only one building did the annual radon concentration exceed the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's limit of 3pCi/l. for continuous exposure in uncontrolled areas.

Air↗
PubMed1983

Secretin responses to feeding and acid load.

Secretin can be readily concentrated from 10 ml of plasma by adsorption to and elution from octadecylsilyl silica columns (C18 Sep-Pak cartridges). This method of concentration is more expedient than either ethanol extraction or adsorption to and elution from precipitated silica (QUSO G32) and permits detection of secretin in plasma at concentrations of 1 pg/ml or greater. Basal secretin in normal subjects was found to be less than 4 pg/ml of plasma. In response to an STM, plasma secretin increased on the average to twice the fasting level, but in response to an oral SAL, it generally increased about 10-fold.

Acids↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of non-specific vaginitis with metronidazole.

55 women with signs and symptoms of non-specific vaginitis, NSV, were treated with metronidazole 1200 mg daily in a single dose for 5 days. 49 (89.1%) were considered cured with significant reduction in all signs and symptoms for NSV. The side-effects were negligible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A survey of genital infections in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.

747 consecutive patients, 531 men and 216 women, attending the Division of Dermatovenerology, City Health Dept., Oslo, were screened for N. gonorrhoeae (14.5% and 18.5%), C. trachomatis (19.6% and 20.8%), G. vaginalis (0.2% and 6.5%), and C. albicans (1.1% and 21.3%). The prevalence is given in brackets for men and women, respectively. This study was undertaken in order to determine the relative prevalence of these microorganisms with particular reference to G. vaginalis, to determine the importance of concomitant infections, and the possible effect of contraceptive methods (oral contraceptives and IUD) on the prevalence of these microorganisms.

Adolescent↗