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Biomedical subjects

J Endicott

Publications and source records attributed to J Endicott.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Premenstrual depressive changes. Value of differentiation.

Premenstrual depressive changes and differential correlates of specific subtypes of premenstrual dysphoria vary. Our data support two basic assumptions: (1) Premenstrual changes should be studied as diversified subtypes rather than as a single premenstrual tension syndrome; such an approach might lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of specific types of premenstrual changes. (2) Some specific subtypes of premenstrual changes of a depressive nature resemble some subtypes of affective disorder and, hence, may serve as a model for the study of these disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The reliability of retrospective treatment reports.

High levels of agreement are reported for retrospective assessment of treatment history using the Longitudinal Interval Followup Evaluation Baseline (LIFE Base), a recently developed structured psychiatric interview, in a sample of 47 subjects with a moderate to severe affective disorder. In a paired rater/observer design with interviews conducted at five different research centers, most coefficients of reliability (Kappa) were above 0.91. This is the first published reliability study of treatment data and should be encouraging to practitioners and researchers. Future research aimed at assessing the validity of treatment information obtained from patient records and clinical interviews is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Amish Study, II: Consensus diagnoses and reliability results.

Reliability of diagnosis is central to genetic research on mental illness. In the Amish Study of affective disorders, consensus diagnoses were derived by a psychiatric board using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). To verify the reliability of diagnoses, the authors 1) studied how well board members followed RDC procedures, 2) compared diagnoses based on abstracted medical records with those based on full medical records, 3) compared diagnoses based on the two data sources--abstracted medical records and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version--and 4) studied diagnostic stability to determine validity of diagnosis. The results of these substudies demonstrate a high concordance of diagnosis.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1983

"Double depression": two-year follow-up.

Of 316 patients with a major depressive disorder who were followed for between 6 months and 2 years, 80 (25%) had a preexisting chronic minor depression of at least 2 years' duration. The chronic minor depression reduced the apparent effect of the known predictors of recovery and relapse from the major depressive disorder and predicted a very pernicious course for the chronic depression. Furthermore, the longer the patient continued to suffer from a chronic minor depression after recovering from the major depression, the greater the probability that relapse into another major depression would preempt recovery from the chronic depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Plasma cortisol secretion and REM period latency in adult endogenous depression.

The authors studied the relationship of plasma cortisol secretion and REM period latency in 25 patients with endogenous depression. The 8 patients (32%) with cortisol hypersecretion had a significantly shortened REM period latency in comparison with the 17 with normal cortisol secretion. Furthermore, an extremely short REM latency (20 minutes or less) occurred almost exclusively in those with cortisol hypersecretion. The authors discuss possible neurotransmitter disturbances responsible for these abnormalities and the clinical implications of these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment received by depressed patients.

We report on the treatment received by 217 patients in the community with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder of at least one month's duration. Only a low proportion of subjects received intensive treatment with antidepressant medication or electroconvulsive therapy, as judged by research standards and current clinical teaching. Specific associations emerge between treatment and several clinical, sociodemographic, and diagnostic variables; however, taken together these variables account for only a small fraction of the variance in treatment received. Even among patient subgroups based on severity and long duration of illness, high proportions did not receive adequate therapeutic trials. Substantial differences are found in treatment across community centers that are not attributable to variation in the clinical characteristics of patients. We conclude that more research is needed to determine how patients and practitioners contribute to this phenomenon of low intensity of somatic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia: reliabilities and agreement between systems.

We compared the joint frequencies and reliabilities of the following sets of criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia: the New Haven Schizophrenia Index: the Carpenter, Strauss, Bartko (4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-item) system; DSM-III; Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC; full and chronic); the Feighner system; and the 1975 criteria of Taylor and Abrams. The systems, of essentially equal reliability, varied sevenfold in their rates of diagnosing schizophrenia. Patients in whom schizophrenia was diagnosed by the lower-rate systems were likely to receive the same diagnosis by the higher-rate systems. This tends not to be the cases when an affective syndrome is present.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The diversity of premenstrual changes as reflected in the Premenstrual Assessment Form.

The Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) is a new self report procedure designed to measure changes in mood, behavior, and physical condition during the premenstrual period. It reflects the great variability of premenstrual syndromes as opposed to the common practice of viewing these changes as a single entity. In comparison to commonly used procedures, the PAF 1) contains a broader variety and more specific descriptions of positive as well as negative changes; 2) provides Unipolar Summary Scales and Bipolar Continua which are sensitive measures for indexing levels of severity on various types of change; and 3) provides specific criteria for Typological Categories descriptive of different syndromes of change, especially those of mood and behavior. The paper describes the development of the PAF and the three scoring systems and illustrates the sensitivity of the individual items and scoring systems in reflecting the great diversity of change manifested during the premenstrual period.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Extracted from Regular and Change Versions of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.

Investigators who wish to use new procedures usually wish to relate their results to those already in the literature. This often results in the use of both old and new measures. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Regular and Change Versions (SADS and SADS-C) have advantages over the widely used Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). A procedure was developed to extract the HDRS score from the SADS and SADS-C. The comparative reliability and the validity of the extracted HDRS score as a substitute for a real HDRS score was established. The SADS-C and the HDRS were completed by the raters for 48 subjects. The correlation between the extracted and real HDRS scores was positive and large.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Postpsychotic depressive symptoms in hospitalized schizophrenic patients.

Through chart review, we examined the incidence of depression-like symptoms and syndromes during the postpsychotic period of hospitalization in 50 patients whose conditions were diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) as being schizophrenia. Twenty patients (40%) reported experiencing substantial subjective sadness, and 17 (34%) were observed by staff to appear depressed. In 11 (22%), symptoms were noted in a pattern that would satisfy RDC for a minor depressive syndrome, and in an additional three patients (6%) the symptom pattern met criteria for a major depressive syndrome. These findings indicate that postpsychotic depressive symptomatology occurs relatively often in patients with schizophrenia diagnosed by stringent criteria, but that full syndromal manifestations of depression occur less frequently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Mastering the art of research interviewing. A model training procedure for diagnostic evaluation.

A training program for researchers using standard clinical assessment procedures has been developed to enhance comparability of findings across studies through reducing critical sources of unreliability. The need for such a program is especially important in large multifacility collaborative studies in which the pooling of diagnostic and rating-scale data is planned. The program described here focuses on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and Research Diagnostic Criteria, two instruments widely used in clinical research. It consists of the following four phases of training: use of written case vignettes, videotaped interviews, in-person training interviews, and ongoing monitoring to maintain reliability. Checks on reliability are built into each successive phase of training. This program can serve as a model for training in the use of other standard interview assessment procedures requiring clinical judgment.

Diagnosis, Differential↗