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Biomedical subjects

J Elo

Publications and source records attributed to J Elo.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The role of vesicoureteral reflux in paediatric urinary-tract infection.

Observations are reported from a series of 284 children, 68 boys and 216 girls, who had had one or more episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) and had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of grade II, III or VI. In 6 of the boys and 43 of the girls the Politano-Leadbetter operation for correction of VUR was performed. Only in grade III or IV VUR was the cure rate--considered solely as cessation of reflux--significantly higher in surgically than in non-surgically treated children. Irrespective of sex or mode of treatment, the number of episodes of UTI tended to diminish as the children grew older. For more precise comparisons, two individually matched groups of 40 girls were studied. One girl in each pair was operated on. Within these matched pairs, the frequency of UTI episodes according to age did not differ appreciably. Nor did the number of UTI episodes before and after the time of operation differ significantly when analysis was made according to grade of reflux. Thus, although disappearance of surgically treated grades III and IV VUR was more rapid and more frequent than spontaneous cessation of reflux, the observations in the matched pair series indicated that antireflux surgery does not affect the incidence of UTI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Experience with labetalol in essential hypertension.

A study was carried out in 73 patients with mild or moderate hypertension to assess the effectiveness of treatment with labetalol. After a 2 to 4-week period on placebo, patients received 200 mg labetalol daily for 4 weeks, after which time dosage was doubled if the blood pressure was not satisfactorily controlled. Treatment was continued for a further 4 weeks and was followed by another period on placebo. Pre-treatment levels of 157/99 mmHg were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and after 4 weeks the mean reduction was 14/8 mmHg. Half the patients had their dosage increased to 400 mg daily. At the end of the 8-week active treatment period, 80% were adequately controlled, the mean reduction in blood pressure being 22/12 mmHg compared with placebo values. Heart rate was significantly reduced from 78 to 69 beats per min during labetalol therapy. The reduction in blood pressure was similar whether or not patients had been previously treated or untreated, but heart rate was reduced more in the previously treated group. Four weeks after the end of labetalol therapy blood pressure and heart rate had increased but were less than during the initial placebo period and did not give rise to any severe problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Seasonal variations in the occurrence of urinary tract infections among children in an urban area in Finland.

The seasonal variations in the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI) were studied in a series of 992 verified episodes of UTI treated between 1965 and 1974. The incidence was highest during November and lowest during the summer months. Summer episodes, moreover, tended to be the most severe. Seasonal variations were less marked among girls, than amond boys, except in the group of teenage girls in which peak incidences occurred in March and in September. Among the boys, a single peak incidence was recorded in July. The results of the analysis of weather type performed in this study showed that unseasonable types of weather, that is, cold and dry weather in autumn, warm and rainy weather in winter, and warm and dry weather in spring, were accompanied by a clear increase in the monthly number of episodes of UTIs. The difference in the monthly frequency of UTIs between the most and the least favourable types of weather was about two-fold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[A new classification of urinary tract infection in children (author's transl)].

A classification of urinary tract infection based on severity of infection is presented. It is based primarily on the presence or absence of symptoms of urinary tract infection. The symptomatic infections are subdivided according to results of certain blood tests indicating general infection or not. Grade 1 covers asymptomatic bacteriuria, and grade 2 symptomatic infections with no signs of general infections. Grade 3 comprises symptomatic urinary tract infections with changes indicative of general infection. Elevated ESR and leucocytosis of the blood were regarded as criteria of general infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mannose-resistant haemagglutination and P antigen recognition are characteristic of Escherichia coli causing primary pyelonephritis.

Thirty-two Escherichia coli strains from 30 children with pyelonephritis were examined for their haemagglutination patterns and O and K serotypes. 29 (91%) of the strains showed mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA). By use of well-defined target cells, these MRHA+ strains could be shown to recognise human cells either in a P-specific manner (recognising a specific galactosyl-galactose structure which is part of P blood groups antigens) or in a separate, X-specific manner. Both recognition mechanisms could occur separately or together on the same bacteria, the frequencies of P and X specificity being 81 and 19%, respectively. Both MRHA and P specificity were significantly associated with the O antigens 01, 04, 06, 016, and 018, and the capsular antigen K1, which have previously been associated with pyelonephritis. However, the association of MRHA and P specificity with upper urinary tract infection in children is greater than that of any other laboratory-defined bacterial characteristic.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

North Karelia (Finland) hypertension detection project. Five-year follow-up of hypertensive cohort.

A 5-year follow-up study of a random sample of middle-aged hypertensives indicated that the North Karelia (Finland) Hypertension Detection Project was effective in reducing blood pressure levels. This analysis indicated that the intensification of drug treatment caused marked blood pressure reduction in the community, especially among individuals with previously undetected cases of hypertension. Reduction of blood pressure levels among nontreated persons was observed in this study and may reflect in part the importance of both active case finding and follow-up including health education and preventive services. The community approach used in this study reached and brought under control most of those people who were undetected at the beginning of the study and most of the hypertensives. On the basis of the results, it is concluded that a well-organized hypertension control program can meet the challenge of hypertension care and benefit millions of people throughout the world.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A community-based hypertension register as a part of a systematic hypertension control project: experiences from the North Karelia project.

A community control program for hypertension was instituted during 1972 and 1977 as a major subprogramme of the North Karelia project. The aim was to reduce the high blood-pressure levels prevalent among the whole population of the county of North Karelia. A community-based hypertension register, established according to the recommendations of the WHO, served as a central information system and ensured the continuous follow-up of the hypertensive patients. During the period May 1972 to April 1977 17 014 hypertensive subjects were registered (9.7% of the total population). The registered subjects were followed-up annually. The build-up of the registration system took two to three years, the system proved to be feasible, the percentage of non-participants during the follow-up was between 14 and 16% and the amount of missing data was insignificant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementation of a hypertension control program in the county of North Karelia, Finland.

A hypertension control program was established as part of the more comprehensive North Karelia Project. This project was started in 1972 in response to a petition from the population of North Karelia, a county in Finland, asking for national assistance to reduce the exceptionally high cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in the area. The North Karelia Project was carried out from 1972 to 1977.The hypertension control program was implemented mainly in local health centers by physicians and public health nurses, who followed guidelines issued by the project staff and worked under its supervision.Although the target population for the North Karelia Project was the entire population of North Karelia, the project focused on middle-aged men. The hypertension subprogram was introduced in steps. Its objectives included the training of health personnel, establishment of an information system in the county to educate people about hypertension, and organization of the detection, treatment, and followup of hypertensives. A hypertension dispensary was established in each of the 12 health centers in the county. Continuous training of the local public health nurses and physicians faciliated integration of the hypertension program into the operations of the health centers.A central hypertension register and the hypertension control clinics at the health centers were the essential tools in the systematic followup of hypertensives. Some 17,000 hypertensives were on the register by the end of the 5-year project.The main aim in providing health education about hypertension, as well as in treating hypertension itself, was to prevent severe cardiovascular diseases as a whole. Therefore the hypertension control program was integrated into the comprehensive cardiovascular disease control program, and hypertensives received advice concerning smoking and dietary changes as well as about high blood pressure.A survey of health care personnel in North Karelia and in a reference area showed that the care of hypertensives was more systematic in North Karelia and that its health care personnel were more satisfied with the cardiovascular disease care that was provided.

Adult↗