Coronary atheroma regression trials.
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Coronary Artery Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
J Elliott
Publications and source records attributed to J Elliott.
Amine oxidase enzymes of sheep blood vessels and blood plasma: a comparison of their properties.
1. A comparison between the biochemical properties of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activities has been made in sheep blood plasma and arterial wall. 2. The metabolism of benzylamine (BZ) by blood plasma was resolved into high affinity (Km 2.76 +/- 0.24 microM) and low affinity (Km 743 +/- 49 microM) activities. Spermidine metabolism was by a single component (Km 174 +/- 22 microM) and this amine reduced the metabolism of high concentrations of BZ. 3. A single component metabolised BZ in arterial homogenates (Km 11.3 +/- 1.3 microM) and which metabolised spermidine at a very slow rate. 4. Dopamine was deaminated by plasma SSAO and competed with both low and high concentrations of BZ. Dopamine also interfered with arterial metabolism of BZ. 5. These results suggest that there are two SSAO enzymes in sheep blood plasma, with one having similar properties to SSAO in the arterial wall.
Animals↗
An evaluation of new methods of expressing aortic aneurysm size: relationship to rupture.
The diameter of aortic aneurysms were standardized to measures of patient size and normal aortic size in an effort to define indexes that might be more predictive of aneurysm rupture than raw aneurysm diameter alone. Normal aortic diameters were measured in 100 patients undergoing abdominal CT scans for other reasons, and an average infrarenal aortic diameter of 2.10 +/- 0.05 cm was observed. Normal aortic diameter was dependent on both age and sex, ranging from 1.71 +/- 0.06 cm in women below age 40 years to 2.85 +/- 0.04 cm in men above age 70 years. Overall, 11 (5.1%) of the ruptures occurred in aneurysms less than 5 cm in diameter, and four (1.9%) occurred in aneurysms less than 4.0 cm in diameter. When the CT scans of 100 patients undergoing elective aneurysm resection were compared with those of 36 patients with ruptured aneurysms, no threshold diameter value accurately discriminated between the two groups. However, standardization of the aneurysm diameter to the transverse diameter of the third lumbar vertebral body as an index of patient body size produced an accurate predictor of rupture when a threshold ratio of 1.0 was used. No aneurysm ruptured below this ratio, but 29% of elective aneurysms were smaller than the vertebral body diameter. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the superiority of the aneurysm to vertebral body diameter ratio as a discriminator of ruptured aneurysms. It appears that aneurysm diameter alone is not sufficiently predictive of rupture to be used as the sole indication for elective resection.
Adult↗
Identification of endothelin receptor subtypes in rat kidney cortex using subtype-selective ligands.
125I-Endothelin (ET)-1 and 125I-ET-3 displayed specific, saturable, and high affinity binding to membranes prepared from rat kidney cortex. Saturation binding experiments using 125I-ET-1 and 125I-ET-3 revealed that 125I-ET-3 binding sites were 40-50% less abundant than 125I-ET-1 binding sites. The dissociation constants (Kd) and maximum binding (Bmax) for 125I-ET-1 and 125I-ET-3 with these membranes were 218 +/- 23 pM and 275 +/- 20 fmol/mg of protein and 207 +/- 19 pM and 113 +/- 17 fmol/mg of protein, respectively. In the presence of 10 nM sarafotoxin 6c, a selective agonist for ETb receptors, 125I-ET-1 binding was decreased by 45-50% and 125I-ET-3 binding was totally abolished, suggesting that approximately 40-50% of kidney cortex ET receptors are of the ETB subtype and that 125I-ET-1 binds to both ETA and ETB receptors with the same high affinity, whereas 125I-ET-3 binds to only ETB receptors with high affinity. In addition, in the presence of BQ123 [cyclo(D-Trp,D-Asp,L-Pro,D-Val,L-Leu)], a selective antagonist for ETA receptors, 125I-ET-1 binding was decreased by 50%, whereas 125I-ET-3 binding was unaffected. Our results strongly suggest that rat kidney cortex contains ETA and ETB receptors in a 50:50 ratio and that sarafotoxin 6c and BQ123 are valuable tools in identifying the subtypes of ET receptors in various tissues.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Expression of CD4 in transgenic mice alters the specificity of CD8 cells for allogeneic major histocompatibility complex.
We have generated a transgenic mouse line in which a CD4 transgene is expressed on a significant fraction of the mature CD8+ lymphocytes but is not expressed in the thymus. This provides an opportunity to examine the functional consequences of CD4 expression in a population of class I-selected CD8+ lymphocytes. CD8+ lymphocytes expressing the CD4 transgene proliferate in response to allogeneic class I and class II major histocompatibility complex, whereas CD8+ cells from control animals proliferate only to allogeneic class I gene products. These observations suggest that the ability of a T-cell population to react with class II allogeneic major histocompatibility complex is determined by the presence of CD4.
Animals↗
Transformation of human breast epithelial cells by c-Ha-ras oncogene.
To determine whether the c-Ha-ras oncogene plays a role in the initiation of mammary carcinogenesis, an immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10A, was transfected with the plasmid vector pHo6T1 containing the T24 Ha-ras oncogene and the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene, which confers resistance to geneticin. Transfected cells exhibited an altered pattern of growth and tridimensional morphology in collagen gel. They also exhibited anchorage-independent growth and loss of requirement for hormones and epidermal growth factor; in addition, they expressed invasiveness and increased collagenolytic activity in an in vitro system and became tumorigenic in irradiated nude mice, all properties indicative of malignant transformation. Transformed cells contained the mutated c-Ha-ras oncogene and expressed the p21 mutated protein. These data indicate that the c-Ha-ras oncogene is capable of inducing malignant phenotypes in immortalized human breast epithelial cells.
Breast↗
A method for transforming lymphocytes from very small blood volumes suitable for paediatric samples.
Permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines are important in the molecular analysis and characterization of human genetic disorders, when immortalized cells must be banked for future diagnostic or research purposes. However, routine methods for transformation using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) require blood volumes that may be difficult to collect from clinically compromised neonates and small children. Here we report a modified transformation procedure utilizing blood samples of small volume (less than 1.0 ml), which we have found to be particularly useful for the immortalization of lymphocytes destined for future molecular genetic studies.
Adolescent↗
Physiological and pathological influences on sheep blood plasma amine oxidase: effect of pregnancy and experimental alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus.
A copper-containing amine oxidase is present in sheep blood plasma and has a high capacity to deaminate spermine and spermidine. The physiological function of this enzyme remains to be determined. Sheep blood plasma amine oxidase (SPAO) was measured by its ability to deaminate spermidine (700 microM) using a peroxidase-linked colorimetric assay developed for microtitre plates. SPAO activity has been studied in a group of Welsh Mountain sheep with experimental alloxan-induced diabetes. This resulted in an increase in SPAO activity which reached a peak of 70 days after alloxan treatment (60 per cent increase). This change could be seen in both pregnant and non-pregnant diabetic sheep. In normal pregnant ewes, SPAO activity remained stable for the first 100 days of pregnancy but declined by 50 per cent in the last month of pregnancy. Together, these findings suggest that SPAO activity is controlled by hormonal influences. This sensitive and convenient assay method could provide clues as to the physiological significance of SPAO and may be a useful clinical chemical indicator in the sheep.
Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
Kingella kingae dactylitis in an infant.
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Ampicillin↗
Properties and functions of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases.
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Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
Corneal ulceration due to Nocardia asteroides.
A case of corneal ulceration due to infection with Nocardia asteroides is described. Microbiological examination of corneal scrapings permitted accurate diagnosis and suggested appropriate therapy. Nineteen other cases that have been described in the world literature are reviewed.
Adult↗
Effect of benzylamine and its metabolites on the responses of the isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rat.
1. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is an enzyme activity which can be found in the plasma membrane of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. We have investigated the possibility that the products of deamination by this enzyme, namely ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and the aldehyde, may be important in the modulation of the responses of vascular smooth muscle to extracellular stimuli. 2. The isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed of the rat was used and dose-pressure response curves (DRC) to bolus injections of adrenaline (Ad) or ATP were plotted by non-linear curve fitting. The relaxant effects of carbachol (CCh), which releases endothelium dependent relaxing factor (ERDF), were studied by co-administering CCh with Ad. The effects of including the preferred SSAO substrate, benzylamine (BZ; 25 microM), in the perfusion fluid throughout the experiment and of inhibition of SSAO by treatment of rats with (E)-2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-fluoroallylamine (MDL 72145; 1 mg kg-1) 1 h before dissection, have been studied. 3. Neither BZ nor SSAO inhibition affected the DRC to ATP. BZ shifted Ad responses to the left, inhibition of SSAO increased this shift indicating that the amine, but not its metabolites, were responsible for the potentiation of the responses to Ad. DRC to CCh showed a shift to the left and a significant decrease in the Hill slope with BZ, indicative of a potentiation of low doses of CCh more than high doses. Inhibition of SSAO prevented this change and so the metabolites of BZ deamination appeared to be involved in the potentiation. 4. Ammonia generated by SSAO may contribute to the production of EDRF or hydrogen peroxide may sensitize guanylate cyclase to stimulation by EDRF and so explain these findings.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Results of total knee arthroplasty using the posterior stabilized condylar prosthesis. A report of 137 consecutive cases.
One hundred thirty-seven consecutive posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were reviewed. Average age of the patient was 61.1 years and length of postoperative follow-up period was 29.2 months. Patients were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee rating scores. Average preoperative scores improved from 52 to 92, postoperatively. Ninety-eight percent of patients had no pain or mild occasional pain postoperatively compared with 99% of patients experiencing severe to disabling pain preoperatively. Complications included one myocardial infarction, two deep venous thrombosis, one urinary tract infection, one patellar dislocation, and four wound problems. There were two incidences of seroma, one hematoma, and one deep infection requiring revision after joint debridement and systemic antibiotics. Also noted was one incidence of ligamentous laxity and one patella fracture.
Aged↗
Increased invasive, chemotactic and locomotive abilities of c-Ha-ras-transformed human breast epithelial cells.
Transfection of the immortalized human breast epithelial cells MCF-10A with the mutated ras oncogene resulted in cell transformation (MCF-10A-neoT). Since the transformed state is usually associated with enhanced migratory activity, increased capability to invade basement membranes and to grow in a three-dimensional basement membrane gel (growth in matrigel), we compared these properties in MCF-10A-neoT cells with those of MCF-10A cells transfected with either the neomycin resistance gene alone (MCF-10A-neo cells) or with the normal ras proto-oncogene (MCF-10A-neoN cells). MCF-10A-neoT cells exhibited enhanced migratory activity, as assessed by chemotaxis and chemokinesis assays. and increased capability to invade the basement membrane. These cells also formed large colonies in matrigel. MCF-10A-neo and MCF-10A-neoN cells, on the other hand, showed only marginal migratory, invasive and semisolid medium growth properties. These results indicate that the mutated ras oncogene induces in human breast epithelial cells phenotypic characteristics of malignant transformation.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Transfection of human breast epithelial cells with foreign DNA using different transfecting techniques.
The introduction of DNA into eukaryotic cells is a powerful technique for the study of gene regulation. This requires both a technique by which genes can efficiently be introduced into cells and a recipient cell representative of the tissue under study. We have utilized a spontaneously immortalized human breast epithelial cell line, CMF-10, which is phenotypically normal for introducing a neomycin-resistant gene contained in the plasmid Homer 6 (pHo6). Three different transfection methods were tested: calcium phosphate, with and without glycerol shock, using as control NIH/3T3 cells, and strontium phosphate and electroporation. In MCF-10 cells the efficiency of calcium phosphate mediated DNA transfection, which was measured as the number of colonies growing in neomycin-containing medium, was 21 and 140 fold higher than in MCF-10 cells transfected by electroporation and strontium phosphate methods, respectively. Glycerol shock enhanced three fold transfection efficiencies. NIH/3T3 transfected cells by calcium phosphate method showed a transfection efficiency similar to that of MCF-10 cells, however, glycerol shock did not improve the efficiency. These studies revealed that calcium phosphate combined with glycerol shock is the most efficient technique for transfection of genomic DNA into human breast epithelial cells.
Breast↗
Some aspects of the pharmacology of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases.
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase enzymes (SSAO) are found in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In vertebrates, their distribution in tissues and blood plasma varies between species. Studies of the SSAO enzymes have concentrated on their biochemical identities separate from those of MAO. Attention is now being paid to their possible physiological and pharmacological significance. These may include, besides the scavenging of circulating amines, functions dependent upon the hydrogen peroxide these enzymes produce. Modulation, by SSAO, of blood vessel tone may be due to the control of amine concentration itself or to actions of released peroxide. In the plasma the activity of SSAO may be susceptible to hormonal control as well as being an indicator of copper status of the animal. However, SSAO may convert xenobiotics to more toxic metabolites. Use of highly selective SSAO inhibitors, such as procarbazine and B24 should enable these preliminary observations to be examined further.
Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
A cross-cultural cross validation of the Dental Fear Survey in South East Asia.
This study was designed as a cross-cultural replication and cross validation of the Dental Fear Survey (DFS) in two groups of Singapore adults: university students and military conscripts. Factor analysis of the DFS in each of these dissimilar samples revealed factor structures that were highly comparable to one another as well as to those obtained in the U.S.A. Behavioral and physiological fear assessment during exposure to simulated dental treatment also showed results comparable to those found in Western cultures. Self report measures were more likely to correlate with other self reports than with physiologic or behavioral measures. Among university students, those who had visited a dentist within the past year had significantly lower DFS scores than those who had avoided dentistry. The fear-avoidance relationship did not hold for military subjects who reported less dental fear overall. It was concluded that the DFS was factorially stable; and therefore, generalizable to this South East Asia culture.
Adolescent↗