Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Ellingboe.
A gas--liquid chromatographic method was developed and employed to determine the plasma ratio of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine in 40 alcoholic patients and 9 healthy controls. The findings did not support the hypothesis that the ratio may be an empirical marker for alcoholism.
Integrated plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were determined for 13 healthy adult males before, during and after a 21-day period of marihuana use. No significant relationships were found between antecedent or concurrent marihuana smoking and integrated plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels. All values for all subjects obtained during the entire study were within normal limits for healthy adult males.
Plasma luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels were determined in 16 normal adult males during a period of acute alcohol intoxication. Plasma testosterone levels were in the normal range for adult males prior to alcohol administration. Plasma testosterone levels began to fall during the ascending phase of the blood alcohol curve but plasma luteinizing hormone levels did not change significantly. At peak blood alcohol levels [109 +/- 4.6 (S.D.) mg/100 ml], plasma testosterone was significantly depressed and a significant increase in plasma luteinizing hormone values occurred. During the descending phase of the blood alcohol curve, plasma testosterone levels remained depressed and plasma luteinizing hormone levels decreased toward base-line values. These data indicate that acute alcohol intake produces a suppression of plasma testosterone via peripheral mechanisms which regulate the biosynthesis and/or biotransformation of the steroid. The surge in luteinizing hormone values at peak levels of intoxication are most likely due to stimulation of gonadotropin secretion via "long loop" mechanisms associated with low levels of plasma testosterone.
Narcotic addicts self-administered heroin intravenously for 10 days under controlled research ward conditions and were subsequently detoxified with methadone for 7 days. Plasma testosterone levels decreased signifcantly when heroin dosage was between 45 and 65 mg/day contrasted to predrug base-line levels. Testosterone levels remained depressed during methadone withdrawal. No statistically significant changes in a.m. plasma cortisol levels were observed during both heroin acquisition and methadone withdrawal.
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Hydrophobic long-chain alkyl ethers of Sephadex have been synthesized and tested for use in liquid chromatography. With columns prepared in such polar solvents as methanol, reversed-phase systems are obtained where compounds separate in order of decreasing polarity. In such non-polar solvents as heptane, straight-phase systems are formed, and separations occur in order of increasing polarity. The retention volume of a compound is determined mainly by its polarity, the type and degree of substitution of Sephadex, and the nature of the solvent system. Examples are given of straight-and reversed-phase separations of waxes, fatty acids, glycerides, glycerol ethers, sterols, bile acids, and hormonal steroids. The Sephadex derivatives are simple to make, the columns are easy to prepare, and they can be used over long periods of time. Liquid-gel chromatography on alkyl ethers of Sephadex is a mild separation technique and should be a useful complement to other chromatographic methods.
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PURPOSE: Characteristic changes of platelet membrane monoamine oxidase and adenylate cyclase activities have been described in men with alcoholism. We studied the occurrence of these changes in abstinent alcoholic women and in nonalcoholic female control subjects with and without family histories of alcoholism. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 23 female alcoholics and 39 nonalcoholic female social drinkers. Platelet membrane assays were performed for monoamine oxidase and adenylate cyclase activities. RESULTS: Alcoholic women had lower basal adenylate cyclase (p < 0.01) and adenylate cyclase activities stimulated by cesium fluoride (p < 0.001), by the guanine nucleotide analog 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (p < 0.02), and by prostaglandin E1 (p < 0.01). Female control subjects with family histories of alcoholism also had lower basal adenylate cyclase (p < 0.01) and adenylate cyclase activities enhanced by incubation with cesium fluoride (p < 0.005) and 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (p < 0.001). Monoamine oxidase activity levels measured with (p < 0.001) and without ethanol (p < 0.01) were higher for alcoholic women. No significant differences were found between female control subjects with and without family histories of alcoholism for monoamine oxidase in the absence or presence of ethanol. DISCUSSION: In vitro platelet adenylate cyclase activity may facilitate a diagnosis of alcoholism in women and may be a biologic indicator of vulnerability in the offspring of alcoholics.