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Biomedical subjects

J Ehlers

Publications and source records attributed to J Ehlers.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

First measurement of the transverse spin asymmetries of the deuteron in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.

First measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering of muons on a transversely polarized 6LiD target are presented. The data were taken in 2002 with the COMPASS spectrometer using the muon beam of the CERN SPS at 160 GeV/c. The Collins asymmetry turns out to be compatible with zero, as does the measured Sivers asymmetry within the present statistical errors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Community Partners for Healthy Farming Intervention Research.

The purpose of the Community Partners for Healthy Farming Intervention Research (CPHF-IR) program is to implement and evaluate existing or new interventions for reduction of agriculture-related injuries, hazards, and illnesses. Objectives include the development of active partnerships between experienced researchers, communities, workers, managers, agricultural organizations, agribusinesses, and other stakeholders. Specific intervention projects were selected by the competitive review process in response to a request for proposals. The second series of projects (funded 2000-2003) targeted: improved ergonomics for handling grapes (CA) and for small-scale berry growers (WI, IA, MI, MN), engineering controls (KY, VA, SC) and training (IN) related to tractors, private-sector financial incentives for safety (IA, NE), and reducing eye injuries in Latino farmworkers (IL, MI, FL). Partners have provided their unique resources for accessing the target population, planning, implementation, dissemination, and evaluation. They have produced useful engineering controls, educational and motivational tools, and helped build infrastructure for promoting agricultural health as essential to sustainable agriculture. Additional outcomes have included: increased interest among participants in collaborating in further research, the feasibility of Latino lay health advisors as active partners in research, and the value of process evaluation of a partnership to enhance intervention sustainability. NIOSH is utilizing the model created for Simple Solutions: Ergonomics for Farm Workers, a document related to earlier CPHF-IR projects, for a comparable document for construction in both English and Spanish. This program has confirmed that such partnerships can produce not only sustainable interventions but also products and models with the potential to expand farther geographically than originally anticipated and even into other sectors, e.g., for primary prevention among healthcare workers and adolescents, and to introduce public health in social studies and language classes.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Coalitions: partnerships to promote agricultural health and safety.

Throughout the 1990s, a variety of partnerships and community-based organizations have been formed with the primary mission to promote agricultural safety and health. These groups are altruistic, creative, energetic, and provide critical perspectives for improving the safety and health of the agricultural workforce at the local, regional, and national levels. These coalitions have been created as a result of philanthropic support, public funding, grassroots interest, and personal experiences with agricultural injuries andfatalities. They are playing important roles in collaborating with researchers and in reaching the individual agricultural communities. They have been instrumental in conducting needs assessments and are critical to the development and implementation of successful surveillance programs and interventions. Outreach and dissemination of research findings and other safety and health information to target audiences are strengths of these diverse coalitions. This article will focus on primarily community-based coalitions, providing an overview of the development, foci, membership activities, and contributions or impact of these groups during the 1990s and the challenges in maintaining and sustaining the coalitions. This information should be useful to those seeking to understand the activities of existing coalitions and identify potential partnerships for future activities.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Exposure to endosulfan in farmers: two case studies.

BACKGROUND: Endosulfan is not a restricted use organochlorine insecticide and is currently under re-registration review. In 1993, one confirmed case and one possible case of endosulfan poisoning in agricultural workers occurred in two southeastern states. METHODS: Two cases of suspected endosulfan poisoning were investigated utilizing record reviews, blood samples, a site visit, and clothing analysis. RESULTS: Case 1 was fatal; Case 2 resulted in permanent neurological impairment. Additionally, Case 1 mixed and applied two less toxic pesticides, acephate and maleic hydrazide to tobacco plants. Both farm owners had ample opportunity for endosulfan exposure while mixing concentrated endosulfan with water and applying the solution to tobacco with boom sprayers pulled by tractors. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of the absorbed dose of endosulfan were not available because methods to determine actual personal exposure that would be found in fat or tissue samples were not used. Health and safety issues associated with endosulfan require a closer examination. A cooperative multi-disciplinary approach to providing timely accurate education is needed to prevent pesticide poisonings.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Selenium content in blood of cattle in the Weser-Ems region and effects of Se fertilization of pasture grounds on Se levels in growth and in blood dairy cattle with extreme selenium deficiency].

The evaluation of 1.974 selenium levels in samples of bovine blood mainly from the Weser-Ems region showed a high rate of selenium deficiency in calves, young cattle and heifers ante partum. More than 50% of cows showed Se deficiency, too. After fertilizing of pasture grounds exhibiting extreme selenium deficiency with 35 g of selenium per hectare, the authors found significantly positive effects on plant selenium levels and in blood of grazing young cattle. At the same time, the selenium contents in blood of the control animals decreased extremely as the result from being cut off from the selenium supply in the young stock shed during winter time.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

[Toxin-producing pasteurellas in a cattle herd].

Besides other agents, indole-negative Pasteurellae, producing dermonecrotic Pasteurella toxin, were isolated from the noses of calves in a herd with enzootic bronchopneumonia. In some blood sera, antitoxin was detected. According to their biochemical activities, isolated strains were classified as P. multocida ssp. septica (ornithine-negative), P. avium (biovar 2), and P. canis (biovar 2). However, in DNA-DNA hybridisation tests there was much coincidence with P. multocida. In experimental calves, pneumonic lesions were produced with one of the isolates as well as with the dermonecrotic toxin. Therefore, indole negative toxinogenic Pasteurellae are considered pneumonia causing agents. They should be taken into account in bacteriological diagnostic and for production of herd specific bacterins.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Rapid estimation of chromosomal damage in yeast due to the effects of environmental chemicals using pulsed field gel electrophoresis.

We present a procedure to rapidly estimate the damage to yeast chromosomes by toxic chemicals. This procedure employs the following steps: incubation of yeast cells with the chemicals, DNA preparation in an agarose matrix, separation of chromosome-sized DNA molecules into reproducible band patterns by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and quantification of the intensity of chromosomal bands by densitometry. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells have been treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and cis-Platinum(II) diamminedichloride (cisPT), both of which are known to interact with DNA, and trichlorethylen (TCE), for which such an effect has not been shown in yeast. Treatment of cells with MNNG and cisPt led to an impairment of the intensity of the band pattern to an extent dependent on the concentration of the chemicals applied. For TCE a similar effect could not be discerned. This procedure will be useful as a screening test for the estimation of the biological hazards of toxic chemicals.

Chromosomes, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

[Epidemiologic studies of the detection of viral infection agents in calf losses in the Weser-Ems region].

In 961 calves up to an age of 6 months which were sent to the animal health center in Oldenburg between March 1987 and March 1990 for necropsy the results of determination of different viruses were calculated: BVD-, rota-, corona-, parainfluenza-3- (PI-3)-, bovine herpes-1 (BHV-1)- and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In 122 and 104 randomly collected health calves of 22 farms antibodies against BRSV and bovine adeno virus-types 5, 7 and 8 were determined. 50.1% of the necropsied calves were one and two weeks old. In this group in 40.2% rotavirus and in 19.0% coronavirus could be isolated. All over the calves the frequencies of isolated viruses were 13.3% for BVDV, 4.6% for BRSV, 3.2% for BHV-1, and 2.1% for PI-3. The percentages of positive findings for rota- and coronavirus increased up to 7 days after birth, and thereafter both decreased. The frequencies of BVDV and BRSV were higher in older groups. The frequency of PI-3 was low and remained constantly. Infections with rota-, corona- and with both viruses were accompanied by BVDV in 11.3, 5.3 and 14.3%, respectively. Against bovine adenoviruses and BRSV in the first 8 weeks and after 14 weeks of life in more than 70% of the calves antibodies were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Alkaline phosphatase activities and progesterone concentrations in uterine flushings of dairy cows: side-effects and variations during oestrous cycle.

After evisceration at an abattoir, both uterine horns of barren cows were flushed using 30 ml of Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (trial 1, 49 cows) or 10 ml sterile saline (0.9%, trial 2, 22 cows). Blood was collected from the animals' hearts (trial 2). Activities of alkaline phosphatase and progesterone concentrations (trial 2) were determined in uterine flushings and serum. In uterine flushings, both parameters exhibited a significant cyclic pattern, while in serum, only progesterone concentrations showed cyclic fluctuations. Alkaline phosphatase activities in uterine flushings taken ipsilateral to a corpus luteum were significantly higher than in materials obtained from the contralateral horn during dioestrus and prooestrus. A similar tendency was obvious for progesterone concentrations. All parameters but serum alkaline phosphatase activity were positively correlated with each other. The results suggest a close relationship between a progesterone secreting corpus luteum and metabolic as well as hormonal parameters evaluated in flushings of the ipsilaterally situated uterine horn. Transfer of progesterone via the blood vessels and lymphatics within the ligamentum latum uteri may be the cause of the between-side-effects detected.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Effects of camostat, a synthetic protease inhibitor, on endocrine and exocrine pancreas of the rat.

The effects of chronic oral treatment of rats with 400 mg/kg body weight camostat, a synthetic protease inhibitor, on weight gain and both pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion were studied and compared with pair-fed controls. Administration of camostat was found to result in a lower weight gain than in untreated rats fed ad libitum because of reduced food intake. The pancreas of treated rats showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia with significantly higher total contents of amylase, lipase, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen than that of pair-fed controls. The specific activity of lipase, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen remained unchanged but the specific activity of amylase was significantly lower than in pair-fed controls. Stimulation of pancreatic enzymes with CCK 8 in treated rats resulted in a greater output of proteases, no difference in secretion of lipase and a lower secretion of amylase than in pair-fed rats. Glucose-dependent insulin secretion was also significantly lower in camostat-treated rats than in controls. This effect could be reversed by gastric inhibitory polypeptide. After termination of treatment with camostat all enzymes were normalized within 14 d. Our results on the hypertrophied pancreas of rats suggest preferential synthesis and secretion of protease at the expense of amylase and diminished sensitivity of insulin to stimulation by glucose. All effects of camostat on the pancreas were reversible.

Amylases↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of tissue reaction to nylon and prolene sutures in rabbit iris and cornea.

The tissue reaction in rabbit iris and cornea to prolene suture is equivalent to the tissue reaction to nylon suture. The prolene suture retains its tensile strength indefinitely and this may make it particularly useful in situations where a permanent suture is desired, such as in refractive keratoplasty, scleral buckle, or to suture an intraocular lens to the iris. The prolene suture also has a greater elasticity and this property may be advantageous in some clinical applications. We feel that a clinical study on humans is now warranted and we have started such a study.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Green tobacco sickness: occupational nicotine poisoning in tobacco workers.

In this study the authors describe the investigation of a 1992 outbreak of green tobacco sickness, a form of nicotine poisoning from dermal exposure, among 47 tobacco workers in a five-county region of central and south-central Kentucky. Cases were identified through medical record searches at participating hospitals, as well as from reports submitted to the Occupational Health Nurses in Agricultural Communities program. A case-control study was undertaken to assess risk factors for green tobacco sickness. In a 20-min telephone interview, 40 cases and 83 controls responded to questions contained in a questionnaire. In 1992, 47 persons (3 were under age 16 y) in the study region sought medical treatment for green tobacco sickness. Twelve persons were hospitalized and 2 required intensive-care treatment. The crude incidence in 1992 was 10.0/1,000 tobacco workers. In 1993, 66 cases (7 were under age 16 y) of green tobacco sickness were identified in the study region (i.e., annual incidence of 14.0/1,000). A case-control study demonstrated that ill workers were younger, and were more likely to have worked in wet conditions, compared with workers who were not ill. Green tobacco sickness is a common problem among tobacco workers that may be prevented by avoiding work in wet tobacco or by use of protective clothing. Children younger than 16 y of age represented 9% of the green tobacco sickness cases in 1992 and 1993. Current occupational safety and health laws do not address protection of tobacco workers with respect to green tobacco sickness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The social function of the hospital].

Issuing from the statements to the change of the social institution hospital in the course of history the experiment is undertaken to outline the social function of the hospital on the conditions of the developed socialist society.

Aged↗