Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Egan.
We compared, under laboratory conditions, the resistance to cutting out of the AO dynamic hip screw and the Pugh sliding nail. The mean load at cut out, adjusted for bone strength, was 70% greater for the Pugh sliding nail. The reasons for this difference are discussed.
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The effects of acute, orally administered naltrexone (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg), a potent opioid receptor antagonist, on self-injurious behavior (SIB), heart rate, and blood pressure in three males (one 10-year-old and two 17-year-olds) were investigated. Subjects were evaluated in a structured test session for SIB. The frequency of the most predominant type of SIB (head and face hitting) was significantly reduced by naltrexone (maximum was 71% at the 1.5 mg/kg dose), while self-biting was not significantly decreased at any dose. In contrast, naltrexone had no significant effect on heart rate or blood pressure. Based upon these and other results it was concluded that naltrexone produced decreases in specific SIBs by blocking opioid receptors in brain, and that such opioid blockade had no effect on two measures of cardiovascular function.
To assess the etiology and prognosis of a large pericardial effusion, we reviewed 25 consecutive patients who presented with a large pericardial effusion and underwent a drainage procedure. Large pericardial effusion was defined as: (1) an echo-free space greater than or equal to 10 mm anteriorly and posteriorly by M-mode echocardiography and (2) removal of greater than or equal to 350 ml of fluid at pericardial drainage. The etiologies of large pericardial effusion were: neoplastic (36%), idiopathic (32%), uremic (20%), postmyocardial infarction (8%), and acute rheumatic fever (4%). Of our patients, 44% presented with cardiac tamponade, while 25% of patients with idiopathic pericarditis had hemorrhage effusion and cardiac tamponade. At follow-up, 37 +/- 17 months after pericardial drainage, 68% had died from complications of their underlying disease. There were no deaths attributed to pericardial disease. While 88% of patients with idiopathic large pericardial effusion were alive at follow-up, none of the neoplastic large pericardial effusion patients survived longer than 5 months after initial pericardial drainage (p less than 0.001). Additionally, the survival of patients with uremic large pericardial effusion was better than patients with neoplastic large pericardial effusion (p less than 0.05). We conclude: (1) neoplastic, idiopathic, and uremic pericarditis are the most common causes of large pericardial effusion in men, (2) idiopathic pericarditis can be hemorrhagic and cause cardiac tamponade, and (3) the prognosis of large pericardial effusion is related to patients' underlying disease.
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The history of the borderline concept is reviewed and its diagnostic criteria described. Current views regarding etiology and pathogenesis are presented with a summary of treatment. This includes highlights of individual and family psychotherapy, aspects of hospitalization, and a presentation of the current status of pharmacologic interventions.
The effect of naltrexone (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg) on the frequency of self-injurious behavior (SIB) was investigated in three male adolescents. The frequency of total SIB was reduced significantly in all three subjects; dose-dependent decreases (at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg) in SIB frequency were observed in the two mentally retarded subjects. These data suggest a role for opioid peptides in SIB.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The in vivo dog brain 31P NMR spectrum has a large peak in the phosphodiester region accounting for more than 35% of the total observable phosphorus metabolites. It is possible to reduce the intensity of this peak by off-resonance saturation. To characterize the nature of this peak, extracts of dog brain frozen in situ were analyzed by high resolution 31P NMR. ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, and phosphomonoesters were recovered in appropriate amounts in the methanol:HCl extract. However, acid soluble phosphodiesters accounted for only 8% of the observable phosphorus. More NMR observable phosphodiesters were selectively recovered following CHCl3:methanol extraction of phospholipids. These results suggest that the in vivo phosphodiester resonance has substantial contributions from a fraction of mobile brain phospholipids.
The author reviews the complicated history of the concept of borderline personality disorder and associated diagnostic entities, especially as these conditions relate to adolescents. He examines current theories about etiology of borderline personality disorder, primarily those related to object relations theory and genetic vulnerability to the disorder. Because patients with borderline disorders are such a heterogeneous group and often carry other diagnoses as well, the treatments used are highly diverse. The author reviews principles of psychotherapy with borderline patients, including the difficulties of the negative transference and the intense countertransference that occur; hospital treatment; and pharmacologic treatment, usually aimed at target symptoms.
Clone (cl.) 85 infection of 15I5 x 72 chickens at 4 weeks posthatch results in a lower frequency of distal sarcomas than does Prague (Pr)-B infection. As higher titers of virus-neutralizing antibody are generated in the cl.85-infected chickens, the possibility was addressed in the present study that the low frequency of cl.85-induced distal sarcomas is a direct consequence of the strong neutralizing response. Our observations indicate that ablation of humoral immunity by embryonic bursectomy does not serve to increase this frequency, implying that the antiviral humoral response is not required to limit formation of cl.85-induced distal sarcomas.
Earlier observations had established that duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is tropic for pancreatic endocrine cells, including cells localized to islets and to acini. Because cells identifiable as endocrine represented only a minor fraction of the total acinar-associated, infected subpopulation, the possibility was addressed in the present study that this subpopulation also comprises exocrine cells. Fixed preparations of cells from pancreas of congenitally DHBV-infected young ducks were reacted in double immunofluorescence assay with anti-virus serum and either anti-avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) serum, a probe for a major subclass of acinar-associated endocrine cells, or anti-chymotrypsin serum, a probe for exocrine cells. Approximately 2-5% of the cells in these preparations were viral antigen-positive, comprising a minor fraction positive for APP and a much larger fraction positive for chymotrypsinogen. The detection of the latter establishes that DHBV is tropic for exocrine cells.
The excretion rates of sodium penicillin and sodium cloxacillin from treated and untreated quarters of normal and mastitic cows were studied. Penicillin was detected in normal and infected quarters for 72 hours after treatment. Cloxacillin was detected in normal and infected quarters for 64 and 48 hours, respectively, after treatment. Differences in the excretion rates of both antibiotics from normal and infected treated quarters were not significant. Penicillin was detected in the untreated quarters of both normal and mastitic cows but cloxacillin was only detected in the untreated quarters of mastitic cows.
Double immunofluorescence assays of fixed sections of tissues from Pekin ducks congenitally infected with duck hepatitis B virus were carried out to score cells reactive to antiserum elicited either to viral DNA synthesis complexes (immature cores) purified from liver of infected ducks or to viral surface antigen particles and virions purified from sera of viremic ducks. Subpopulations of doubly fluorescent cells were detectable in liver (hepatocytes and bile duct epithelia), in kidney (proximal tubular epithelia), and in pancreas (acinar-associated cells and endocrine alpha and beta cells); all cells reactive with one antiserum were reactive with the second antiserum. Competition assays established that the cell-associated antigens recognized by the two antisera were mutually non-crossreactive. The cell-associated antigen recognized by the antiserum elicited to the purified immature cores appears to be crossreactive with a 35,000-Da polypeptide fraction associated with immature cores.
Endocrine cells in the pancreas and adrenal glands of duck hepatitis B virus-infected ducks were examined for the presence of viral antigen. Analysis of pancreas tissue was based on double immunofluorescence assays in which anti-duck hepatitis B virus serum was used to detect viral antigen, and anti-glucagon and anti-insulin serum were used, respectively, to identify endocrine alpha and beta cells. Assays of pancreas from infected ducks ranging in age from 3 to 20 weeks indicated that subpopulations of both alpha and beta cells expressed viral antigen. A higher percentage of viral antigen-positive cells was observed in alpha-islets than in beta-islets. As assayed by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining with anti-viral serum, small clusters of viral antigen-positive cells were detected in the adrenal glands of young infected ducks. These cells were identified as cortical cells on the basis of histologic criteria.
Matt's analysis yields a number of theoretical and clinical implications. It demonstrates that narcissistic character pathology can exist in childhood and shows how family dynamics may contribute. The clearly defensive function of Matt's pathology and his later progress through normal infantile narcissism toward further development suggest that the pathogenesis of narcissistic pathology resides neither in regression to an infantile position nor in untamed infantile narcissism. Rather, as the case demonstrates, narcissistic pathology actually reflects a pathological formation of the self used for defensive purposes. Matt's analysis also shows how such pathology in children may be effectively resolved through interpretation. Finally, the analysis demonstrates the peculiarities of the countertransference in such cases and how they may be pivotal in the course of treatment.