Hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
J E Slater
Publications and source records attributed to J E Slater.
Type I hypersensitivity to rubber.
Seven patients with type I hypersensitivity reactions to rubber are reported. Radioallergosorbent testing with crude latex antigen was positive in 6/7 patients. Five patients had coexisting spina bifida, and all had undergone surgery before the development of rubber allergy. Rubber allergy is a new phenomenon that should be in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis and urticaria.
Adolescent↗
IgE immunotoxins. Effect of an IgE-ricin A chain conjugate on rat skin histamine content.
Immunotoxins--toxins covalently conjugated to specific antibodies--have been studied as possible agents in the treatment of cancer. The avid binding of IgE antibodies to FcR on mast cells and basophils suggested the possible use of an IgE-immunotoxin in the treatment of malignant mastocytosis or as a method to generate mast cell-depleted animals for study. To this end, the effect of a covalent conjugate of rat myeloma IgE and ricin A chain on rat cutaneous mast cells was examined in vivo. IgE-ricin A chain was capable of binding to and sensitizing cutaneous mast cells in vivo as indicated by a bluing response to intracutaneous anti-ricin A chain. IgE-ricin A chain, given either as a single dose or, even more effectively, as two split doses, significantly reduced cutaneous histamine content for 6 to 8 days. Neither a mixture of IgE and ricin A chain that were not conjugated nor the induction of cutaneous mast cell degranulation with anti-IgE affected cutaneous histamine levels. Therefore, IgE-ricin A chain produces a prolonged depletion of cutaneous histamine levels.
Animals↗
Effects of sex hormones on basophil histamine release in recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis.
A subset of patients with recurrent anaphylaxis experience ovarian hormone-related exacerbations. Symptoms in several of these women may be provoked by gonadotropins or progesterone (P) and improved by ovarian suppression, with long-term remissions noted in several patients after oophorectomy. Since adverse reactions to P might explain this association, the effects of P and estrogen on basophil histamine release from these patients were studied. Eight patients and 10 control subjects were examined. Neither estrogen nor P caused histamine release from the basophils of patients or control subjects. Moreover, anti-IgE-induced histamine release was not influenced by P or estrogen. Attempts to culture basophils for 24 hours revealed that basophil preparations from eight of 10 normal subjects but only three of eight patients retained the capacity to respond to anti-IgE after 24 hours (p = 0.088). Culture with dexamethasone reduced anti-IgE-induced histamine release in all subjects, and the possibility that P might interfere with the effect of dexamethasone was also studied. P failed to affect dexamethasone-induced reduction of basophil histamine release. Therefore, P and estradiol appear to have no effect on basophils from either patients with hormone-related exacerbations of anaphylaxis or from control subjects.
Adolescent↗
Recurrent anaphylaxis in menstruating women: treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist--a preliminary report.
Recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis is an illness consisting of recurring anaphylactic or anaphylactoid attacks of unknown cause. A patient has been described whose attacks appeared to be associated with endogenous progesterone secretion and who was treated successfully with an analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). This report summarizes the treatment of four additional women with recurrent anaphylaxis in a randomized, double-blind trial of an LHRH agonist and placebo. Two out of the four women experienced remission of their symptoms with the LHRH analog. The patients who responded to therapy had experienced systemic anaphylactoid reactions after provocation with an LHRH infusion and the intradermal injection of medroxyprogesterone; the nonresponders had no adverse reactions to either challenge. Ovarian suppression with LHRH agonist may benefit a subset of women with recurrent idiopathic anaphylaxis.
Adult↗
Production of monoclonal cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP antisera.
In order to facilitate the in situ localization of cyclic nucleotides, a large supply of high-titer anti-sera for immunohistologic analyses would be valuable. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies (Mab) directed at 2'-0-succinyl cyclic GMP (s-cGMP) or 2'-0-succinyl cyclic AMP (s-cAMP) were generated. Immunized mice developed polyclonal antibodies of high titer to either cyclic nucleotide as reflected in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employed to monitor these anti-sera. With the use of standard hybridoma technology and ELISA to monitor anti-cyclic nucleotide antibody production from positive clones, several Mab-producing clones were grown to large volume in tissue culture and ascites fluid. The anti-cGMP and anti-cAMP anti-sera, which demonstrated significant ELISA titers at greater than 1:2,000,000 dilutions, are monospecific and can be employed for radioimmunoassays, ELISA, or immunohistologic localization of cyclic nucleotides in situ.
Animals↗
Surveillance of Reye syndrome in the United States, 1977.
Between December 1, 1976, and November 30, 1977, 454 cases of Reye syndrome were reported to the Centers for Disease Control by 43 states. Analysis of data about these cases revealed that Reye syndrome primarily affected white children under age 18 years, with a mean age of 7.7 years and bimodal incidence peaks in infancy and at age 6-7 years, was temporally and geographically associated with influenza B for about 75% of cases, but also occurred sporadically and not in association with influenza B activity. Although Reye syndrome was reported infrequently for non-white children aged one year or older, there was a high incidence in minority infants, and the case-fatality ratio in infants of all races was significantly higher than that of the older children. Favorable outcome was associated with prolonged interval between onset of prodromal illness and hospitalization, admission to hospital at a milder stage of illness, and treatment in hospitals with established pediatric training programs.
Adolescent↗
Latex allergy in spina bifida patients: prevalence and surgical implications.
We interviewed 93 consecutive children with spina bifida who were scheduled for operation to document (a) the prevalence of latex sensitivity, (b) predictors of anaphylactic reaction, and (c) the risk of type I hypersensitivity reaction perioperatively. Of these patients, 9.7% were clinically allergic. Radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) was 89% sensitive. All patients with known latex allergy were premedicated, and rigorous efforts were made to avoid latex exposure. No intraoperative anaphylactic reactions were noted. One postoperative reaction occurred in a history-positive, RAST-negative patient. We conclude that operation can be performed safely in patients with latex allergy.
Adolescent↗