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Biomedical subjects

J E Sims

Publications and source records attributed to J E Sims.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Malacoplakia of the prostate sonographically mimicking carcinoma.

Malacoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous inflammatory disorder that usually affects the urinary bladder and only rarely affects the prostate. Prostatic malacoplakia was detected in five patients by means of transrectal sonography and confirmed by means of ultrasound-directed transrectal biopsy. Hypoechoic peripheral zone lesions, which are suggestive of carcinoma, were found in all five patients, including two with capsular irregularity and one with a lobular prostatic contour suggesting stage C disease. The results of this study suggest that, with the increased use of sonographically directed transrectal biopsy, prostatic malacoplakia may be found to be more common than previously suspected.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

IL-1 induces rapid phosphorylation of the IL-1 receptor.

The IL-1R on murine T cells is a Mr = 80,000 plasma membrane glycoprotein. cDNA cloning and transfection experiments have shown that this is an integral membrane protein, which binds both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta and transduces the IL-1 signal. A mAb, RM-5, which binds an epitope on the receptor which is distinct from the IL-1 binding site has been produced in rats. RM-5 has been used to immunoprecipitate the IL-1R from 32P-orthophosphate labeled CHO cells which express approximately 100,000 functional, murine rIL-1R/cell. Phosphorylation of the receptor was observed as early as 1 min after the addition of IL-1 and continued for periods of up to 30 min. Phosphorylation increases as the concentration of IL-1 increases from 10(-13) to 10(-8) M. Potassium hydroxide hydrolysis of the phosphorylated IL-1R shows that more than 90% of the phosphate is incorporated into serine or threonine. Thus, one of the earliest events after IL-1 binding to the IL-1R is activation of a serine/threonine protein kinase and phosphorylation of the IL-1R itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Retention of ligand binding activity by the extracellular domain of the IL-1 receptor.

The IL-1R on murine T cells is an 80-kDa cell surface glycoprotein which binds both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. We have recently isolated a cDNA clone encoding this molecule. From the primary sequence mature receptor is predicted to be a 557 residue integral membrane protein with a 319 residue carbohydrate-rich extracellular region. We have constructed a cDNA clone encoding this region of the protein (residues 1 to 316). Expression of this cDNA in HeLa cells leads to secretion of a soluble IL-1 alpha binding protein into the culture medium. Quantitative binding experiments with the truncated receptor show that it possesses IL-1 binding properties which are indistinguishable from those of full length IL-1R. Gel filtration chromatography experiments show that a complex can be formed between a single truncated receptor molecule and a single IL-1 alpha molecule.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for different interleukin 1 receptors in murine B- and T-cell lines.

Previous studies have shown that binding of interleukin 1 (IL-1) to its receptor and intracellular processing of the IL-1/IL-1 receptor complex appear to be different in B- and T-lymphocyte cell lines. In this study we used a B-lymphoid cell line, 70Z/3, and T-lymphoid cell line, EL-4 6.1 C10, to explore further the differences that exist between IL-1 receptors on cells of B and T lineage. We show that a monoclonal antibody against the IL-1 receptor on EL-4 cells does not bind to the IL-1 receptor on 70Z/3 cells. This finding suggests that there are structural differences in the extracellular domains of the IL-1 receptors on the two cell lines. Furthermore, affinity crosslinking showed that the molecular mass of the IL-1 receptor on EL-4 is 87 kDa, whereas that of 70Z/3 is significantly lower (66 kDa). Activation of phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) greatly reduced the number of IL-1 binding sites on 70Z/3. But, in sharp contrast, PMA had no effect on surface IL-1 receptor expression on EL-4 cells despite having an equally potent effect in activating protein kinase C. The different effects of protein kinase C suggest that the cytoplasmic domains of the IL-1 receptors in 70Z/3 and EL-4 may also be different. Lastly, a probe containing the entire coding region of the murine T-cell IL-1 receptor hybridized under high stringency conditions with mRNA from EL-4 cells but not with mRNA from 70Z/3 cells. Taken together, the observations made in this study suggest that major structural differences exist between the IL-1 receptors on B and T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cloning the interleukin 1 receptor from human T cells.

cDNA clones of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor expressed in a human T-cell clone have been isolated by using a murine IL-1 receptor cDNA as a probe. The human and mouse receptors show a high degree of sequence conservation. Both are integral membrane proteins possessing a single membrane-spanning segment. Similar to the mouse receptor, the human IL-1 receptor contains a large cytoplasmic region and an extracellular, IL-1 binding portion composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains. When transfected into COS cells, the human IL-1 receptor cDNA clone leads to expression of two different affinity classes of receptors, with Ka values indistinguishable from those determined for IL-1 receptors in the original T-cell clone. An IL-1 receptor expressed in human dermal fibroblasts has also been cloned and sequenced and found to be identical to the IL-1 receptor expressed in T cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

T-cell interleukin 1 receptor cDNA expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells regulates functional responses to interleukin 1.

We have cloned a cDNA encoding a receptor identical to the native Mr 80,000 glycoprotein that binds interleukin (IL) 1 alpha and -beta in murine T cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with this T-cell IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) [CHO(IL-1R)] cDNA express approximately 100,000 IL-1Rs per cell, compared to the less than 100 receptors present on control CHO cells. For two functional responses to IL-1, prostaglandin synthesis and cytokine secretion, CHO(IL-1R) cells were 1000 times more sensitive to IL-1 alpha than were control CHO cells. Northern blot analysis and antibody precipitation demonstrated that one of the cytokines induced was granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and that mRNA levels for this cytokine were increased in CHO(IL-1R) cells by IL-1 alpha concentrations that had no effect on control cells. To establish the role of the recombinant receptors in signal transduction, an IL-1R cDNA modified by deletion of the predicted cytoplasmic domain was expressed in the CHO cell line termed CHO(IL-1R delta CT). CHO(IL-1R delta CT) cells expressed approximately 100,000 high-affinity IL-1 binding sites per cell, but these cells were less sensitive than control lines to IL-1, as measured by prostaglandin and cytokine release. These results show that the IL-1R cDNA encodes the entire functional receptor and that the cytoplasmic domain is required for signal transduction but not ligand binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

cDNA expression cloning of the IL-1 receptor, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

Interleukin-1 alpha and -1 beta (IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta) are cytokines that participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis. A direct expression strategy was used to clone the receptor for IL-1 from mouse T cells. The product of the cloned complementary DNA binds both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in a manner indistinguishable from that of the native T cell IL-1 receptor. The extracellular, IL-1 binding portion of the receptor is 319 amino acids in length and is composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains. The cytoplasmic portion of the receptor is 217 amino acids long.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Use in an average health care facility.

Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid is suggested as an initial diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Some proponents of the procedure, however, believe that fine needle aspiration should be restricted to centers in which each operator obtains at least 500 biopsy specimens annually. Reviewed were 155 biopsy specimens obtained over three and one-half years, and the sensitivity of fine needle aspiration was determined to be 100 percent, the specificity to be 47.4 percent, and the accuracy to be 73 percent. A review of the literature revealed the sensitivity in larger series to range between 92 and 98 percent, specificity to range between 52 and 99.5 percent, and accuracy to range between 56.1 and 91.3 percent. The surgical yield of carcinoma was 64 percent in patients evaluated with fine needle aspiration, whereas the yield was 26 percent in those who underwent surgery without fine needle aspiration. These results appear to justify the use of fine needle aspiration in the evaluation of nodular thyroid disease at average-sized health care centers.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

T3 delta pre-mRNA is transcribed from a non-TATA promoter and is alternatively spliced in human T cells.

The human T-cell antigen receptor-associated T3 complex consists of at least three polypeptides, gamma, delta and epsilon. cDNA clones for the delta-chain have recently been obtained and we have used such clones to isolate the T3 delta gene. The gene has been sequenced and comprises five exons, spread over approximately 3.7 kb of DNA. Transcription of the T3 delta gene is initiated from a non-TATA promoter. S1 mapping experiments and the sequence of a novel cDNA clone show that T3 delta mRNA exists in two forms in T cells. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA sequences corresponding to the third exon of the T3 delta gene accounts for the two species of mRNA. A putative protein, produced by translation of the shorter mRNA, would lack a transmembrane region and might be secreted or associated with the outer surface of the cell.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

The chromosomal location of T-cell receptor genes and a T cell rearranging gene: possible correlation with specific translocations in human T cell leukaemia.

We have examined the chromosomal location of human T cell-specific genes which are involved in antigen recognition and of a gene which specifically rearranges in T cells. The genes encoding both the variable and constant region segments of the T cell receptor alpha chain are found on chromosome 14 while the delta chain gene of the T cell receptor-associated T3 complex is localised to chromosome 11. Further, the two tandemly arranged T cell-specific rearranging genes, designated gamma, were mapped to chromosome 7, but apparently not closely linked to the previously mapped T cell receptor beta-chain gene. The locations of the three different genes, which undergo rearrangement in T cells, may correlate with the chromosomal breakpoints known to be involved in translocations within abnormal human T cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Metastatic cloacogenic carcinoma of the anus: sequential responses to adriamycin and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II).

A case of cloacogenic carcinoma of the anus with pulmonary metastases successfully treated with adriamycin and subsequently with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (CDP) is reviewed. Cloacogenic carcinoma of the anus is a very uncommon tumor, and this is the first report of a major response to chemotherapy alone. Adriamycin and/or CDP should be considered in the therapy of this tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Zonal colonic hypoganglionosis.

We report the case of a patient with chronic constipation since birth, a strictured area in the distal sigmoid colon, and histologic findings of localized hypoganglionosis. We have compared this entity (zonal colonic hypoganglionosis) and reviewed the literature of all known cases of zonal colonic aganglionosis and hypoganglionosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Colonic obstruction by giant pseudopolyposis.

A case of obstructing giant pseudopolyposis of the descending colon is described. A review of the clinical course of this patient and a discussion of giant pseudopolyposis is presented. The pathological features of this giant pseudopolyp is described. Carcinoma of the colon has not been found to arise in inflammatory polyps and it is felt that surgery in nonobstructed patients with giant pseudopolyposis may not be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complexity of human T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain constant- and variable-region genes.

Immune systems of vertebrates function via two types of effector cells, B and T cells, which are capable of antigen-specific recognition. The immunoglobulins, which serve as antigen receptors on B cells, have been well characterized with respect to gene structure, unlike the T-cell receptors. Recently, cDNA clones thought to correspond to the beta-chain locus of the human and mouse T-cell receptor have been described. The presumptive beta-chain clones detect gene rearrangement specifically in T-cell DNA and show homology with immunoglobulin light chains. The similarity of the T-cell beta-chain gene system to the immunoglobulin genes has been further demonstrated by the recent observation of variable- and constant-region gene segments as well as joining segments and putative diversity segments. We report here the characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding human T-cell receptor beta-chain genes. There are two constant-region genes (C beta 1 and C beta 2), each capable of rearrangement and expression as RNA. The gene arrangement, analogous to that of mouse beta-chain genes, shows strong evolutionary conservation of the dual C beta gene system in these two species.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CD121a.

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Amino Acid Sequence↗