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Biomedical subjects

J E Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to J E Roberts.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A clinical test for diagnosing nuchal cords.

A simple, noninvasive clinical test for detecting nuchal cords late in pregnancy and during labor is based on recording the changes in the fetal heart rate produced by transabdominal manual compression of the fetal neck area. The test was applied in 88 women close to full term and to 67 women in labor. Overall, the sensitivity of the test was 82.3% and specificity, 89.1%. The results were statistically significant in both late pregnancy and labor. A positive test implies an impending risk of cord compression and is an indication for close electronic fetal monitoring, particularly during labor. Routine use of the nuchal cord test can contribute to decreasing perinatal morbidity and mortality by diminishing the impact of cord problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A case of resistant schizophrenia.

In an era when it is generally believed that the acute symptoms of schizophrenia can be controlled pharmacologically, the case of a young man who has remained almost continuously floridly psychotic for 13 years, despite treatment, is disquieting. Conventional psychiatric treatment appears to be rendered impotent. It is in this context that it may be of interest to report a summary of the proceedings of a Special Problems Conference held at the Institute of Psychiatry on 18 February 1985 to discuss such a case.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Otitis media in early childhood and its relationship to later verbal and academic performance.

The relationship between the occurrence of otitis media with effusion during the first 3 years of life and subsequent verbal and academic performance was examined in 61 socioeconomically disadvantaged children who attended a research day-care program. Study children were participants in a longitudinal study of child development in which the number of episodes of otitis media and duration of each otitis episode were reported prospectively from infancy. The incidence of otitis media was highest during the first 2 years of life. Bilateral otitis media accounted for 66% of the days with otitis media with effusion. Standardized tests of intelligence and academic performance were administered to the children when they were 3 1/2 to 6 years of age. No evidence of associations between measures of early childhood otitis media experience and these measures of verbal or academic functioning was found in this study population.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

The photosensitized oxidation of the calf lens main intrinsic protein (MP26) with hematoporphyrin.

Hematoporphyrin (HP), a drug used for the treatment of tumors including intraocular tumors, is an efficient photosensitizer. In addition to its therapeutic value, it also produces a phototoxic side effect in the skin. To test whether such effects may also occur in the eye, calf lens fiber membranes were photolyzed in the presence and absence of 1 mM HP. A marked increase (ca 5 times) in the photopolymerization of the calf lens membrane main intrinsic protein (MP26) was found in the presence of HP. Tenfold increases in destruction rates were found in losses of histidine. The MP26 was also photolyzed after tryptic and chymotryptic digestion to MP21, this resulted in an increased photopolymerization in the presence of 1 mM HP. These data suggest an age related increase in sensitivity of the lens fiber membrane proteins to such photoprocesses. The addition of both azide and penicillamine reduces the photosensitized loss of the main intrinsic protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Investigation of the mineral phases of bone by solid-state phosphorus-31 magic angle sample spinning nuclear magnetic resonance.

Phosphorus-31 magic angle sample spinning NMR spectra have been employed to investigate the structure and composition of the mineral deposits in chicken bone. Three different pulse sequences, Bloch decay, cross-polarization, and dipolar suppression, were employed to obtain spectra from bone specimens of varying age. These were compared to the spectra obtained from a variety of crystalline and noncrystalline synthetic calcium phosphate solids used as reference standards. The results suggest that the most suitable model for the major solid calcium phosphate mineral phase in bone is a hydroxyapatite containing approximately 5-10% CO32- and approximately 5-10% HPO42- groups, the latter in a brushite-like configuration. From the NMR line shapes it was deduced that the fraction of HPO42- groups was highest in the youngest bone and decreased progressively with increasing age of the specimen.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of lateral recumbency and sitting on the first stage of labor.

We compared uterine activity in lateral recumbency and the sitting position during the first stage of labor in a group of nulliparas. Lateral recumbency was accompanied by more intense, less frequent and more efficient uterine contractions than sitting. Patients preferred sitting for the first half of labor and lateral recumbency for the second. No adverse fetal reaction was noticed in either position, judging from the fetal heart rate. An increase in maternal pulse rate during sitting could have indirectly indicated some compression of the prevertebral vessels. Maternal position clearly affects several parameters of labor, and its selection should be based upon maternal comfort, uterine contractility and efficiency, and hemodynamic repercussions.

Female↗
PubMed1984

The photodynamic effect of chlorpromazine, promazine, and hematoporphyrin on lens protein.

Calf lens protein was irradiated with near ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of the drugs chlorpromazine, promazine, and hematoporphyrin. It then was analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. Marked increases in protein photopolymerization (other than S-S bond formation) and histidine destruction were noted in the presence of these drugs. In all cases, these effects were reduced in the presence of a singlet oxygen quencher, thus suggesting that these photodynamic effects are due, at least in part, to a Type II mechanism.

Chlorpromazine↗
PubMed1983

Electron-nuclear double resonance of copper complexes of human transferrin.

Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy has been used to study ligand and copper hyperfine interactions in Cu(II) complexes of human transferrin. A nearly isotropic superhyperfine interaction of the Cu(II) spin with a single 14N nucleus was identified, and the principal values of its tensor were estimated. All principal values of the copper hyperfine tensor were also directly measured for the first time. Resonances from at least two exchangeable protons were observed, but their origin could not be ascertained. At physiological pH, and in the presence of bicarbonate, ENDOR spectra of the two metal-binding sites were virtually indistinguishable.

Copper↗
PubMed1983

An attributional model of supervisors' decision-making behavior in speech-language pathology.

An attributional model of speech-language pathology supervisors' decision-making behavior based on Weiner's achievement motivation attributional model was applied. Forty-six supervisors were asked to imagine hypothetical good or poor therapy sessions and to cite causes for the session's outcome, request information to understand the outcome better, and suggest actions they would take in response to the particular outcome. Results indicated that clinician attributions were cited most frequently and few client, supervisor, or other attributions were made. Clinician factors were generally described in terms of planning behaviors, instructional behaviors, and strategies. Session outcomes were attributed primarily to factors controllable by the participants and were expected to vary over time. Supervisors most frequently requested information about the clinician, client, and structure of therapy. They suggested actions that focused primarily on the clinician, occurred after the session, and were directed by the supervisor. Supervisors' causal attributions, information requests, and action responses differed for good and poor sessions. Implications for supervisory practice are discussed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

Supervisor-supervisee role differences and consistency of behavior in supervisory conferences.

This study investigated (a) differences in verbal interaction between supervisors and supervisees during the supervisory conference, (b) differences in verbal interaction between early and later conferences, and (c) patterns of verbal interaction displayed by supervisors and supervisees during the supervisory conference. Subjects were 15 supervisor-supervisee pairs who represented a range of supervisory experience and clinical experience. Three consecutive supervisory conferences were coded using critical ratios derived from a multidimensional interaction analysis system. Results indicated that supervisors' verbal behavior during conferences significantly differs from that of supervisees, with the largest contribution to this difference being the proportion of dialogue coded as initiation, participation, and diagnosis. Over time the group of supervisors and the group of supervisees remained consistent in their behavior. Conference interactions were more analytic than evaluative, more diagnostic than prescriptive, and more simple than complex. The data suggest that supervisors set the content and the interaction pattern of the dialogue, whereas supervisees follow their lead.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Electron paramagnetic and electron nuclear double resonance of the hydrogen peroxide compound of cytochrome c peroxidase.

We have collected electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra from the hydrogen peroxide compound of yeast cytochrome c peroxidase, termed ES, employing EPR microwave frequencies of 9.6 and 11.6 GHz. We have measured and analyzed the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) of the paramagnetic center of ES over the temperature range 1.9 to 4 K. In addition, an upper bound to exchange coupling between the ferryl heme and EPR-visible centers of ES has been calculated and expressions for the dipolar interaction between a ferryl heme and a free radical have been derived. These results all confirm that the EPR signal of ES is not associated with an aromatic amino acid radical, and in particular not with a tryptophanyl radical. This conclusion has led us to consider an explanation of the EPR signal in terms of a nucleophilically stabilized methionyl radical.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1981

Electron-nuclear double resonance of horseradish peroxidase compound I. Detection of the porphyrin pi-cation radical.

Electron-nuclear double resonance spectra of horseradish peroxidase Compound I exhibit resonances from 14N and beta-protons, and most probably alpha-protons as well. The measurements prove that the oxyferryl iron of this enzymic intermediate is spin-coupled to a porphyrin radical. Comparison of experimentally obtained average pi-electron spin densities with theoretical predictions for a 4-fold symmetric porphyrin pi-cation radical is supportive of a 2A2u assignment for the radical's electronic state.

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMed1981

Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion.

Fifty parents of 36 consecutive children admitted to hospital with their first febrile convulsion were interviewed shortly after the event. Very few parents voluntarily said that they had thought their child was dying, but when asked specifically the majority said they had thought the child was dying or likely to die. This common fear should be kept in mind when discussing febrile convulsions with parents, who are unlikely to volunteer the information.

Adult↗