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Biomedical subjects

J E Rioux

Publications and source records attributed to J E Rioux.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Endometrial safety and bleeding patterns during a 2-year study of 1 or 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol combined with sequential 5-20 mg dydrogesterone.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the endometrial safety and bleeding patterns of 17 beta-estradiol sequentially combined with dydrogesterone. METHODS: Endometrial safety and bleeding patterns were assessed in 579 postmenopausal women randomized to oral treatment with placebo, 1 mg/day 17 beta-estradiol sequentially combined with 5 or 10 mg/day dydrogesterone for the last 14 days of each 28-day cycle, or 2 mg/day 17 beta-estradiol sequentially combined with 10 or 20 mg/day dydrogesterone for the last 14 days of each 28-day cycle. Treatment was continued for 26 cycles. Proliferative endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial malignancy in the end-of-study biopsy were considered as inadequate progestational responses. RESULTS: Biopsies were not available in 137 women mainly because of an insufficient treatment period or non-compliance. An adequate progestational response was seen in more than 98% of the 442 women who underwent biopsy after treatment. Bleeding data were not available in 193 women, most of whom did not remain on treatment for the full 26 cycles. The 1-mg 17 beta-estradiol dose was associated with less cyclic and intermittent bleeding than the 2-mg dose. Higher doses of dydrogesterone were associated with a higher incidence of cyclic bleeds and a later day of onset, while duration, severity and regularity were similar in all groups irrespective of estradiol or dydrogesterone dose. CONCLUSION: Sequential combinations of 1 mg 17 beta-estradiol with 5 or 10 mg dydrogesterone and 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol with 10 or 20 mg dydrogesterone are associated with very good endometrial safety. The incidence of bleeding is lower with the 1-mg dose of 17 beta-estradiol.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Female sterilization: an update.

Female sterilization is the most popular form of birth control in the world. It is performed laparoscopically or through a minilap, depending on the timing (postpartum) and where the patient lives. It is a safe and efficacious procedure with few complications that can be performed under local or general anaesthesia. The techniques presently in use are all adequate and the choice should evolve from a discussion between the doctor and the patient.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Protective effect of a thermoreversible gel against the toxicity of nonoxynol-9.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One major problem associated with the use of nonoxynol-9 is that it can induce local inflammation and ulceration of the vaginal and cervical mucosa that might favor the entry of pathogens. With the aim of developing a gel formulation that could be effective in preventing sexually transmitted infections, the authors have evaluated the capacity of a polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene polymer to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of nonoxynol-9. STUDY DESIGN: The cytotoxicity of nonoxynol-9 alone or incorporated into the gel was investigated in human cervical and colon epithelial cells and after daily intravaginal application for 2 weeks in rabbits. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nonoxynol-9 was highly toxic to human cervical and colon epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the incorporation of the spermicide into the gel markedly reduced its toxicity under the same experimental conditions. In vivo studies showed that in animals treated with nonoxynol-9, the spermicide was very toxic to the vaginal and cervical mucosa as evidenced by the presence of bleeding, irritation, epithelial disruption, necrosis, the accumulation of leukocytes in the submucosa, and the loss of integrity of the epithelial cells. Of prime importance, the incorporation of nonoxynol-9 into the gel markedly reduced the toxicity of this potent spermicide/microbicide. CONCLUSION: The gel formulation could be used as an interesting approach to eliminate the toxicity of potent spermicides/microbicides such as nonoxynol-9.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cycle control on low-dose oral contraceptives: a comparative trial.

Cycle control was studied comparing the monophasic oral contraceptive Loestrin with three low-dose phasic preparations (Triphasil, Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7) in 391 women of whom 300 completed 6 cycles. Loestrin subjects had a rate of occurrence (31% of cycles) for intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) comparable to the rates for subjects on the phasic preparations (36%, 37% and 37%, respectively). Triphasil subjects had lower rates than the Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7 subjects (p less than 0.01) in cycle one when all subjects were analyzed and in pre-study users when continuing menstrual flow (CMF) episodes were not included as IMB. IMB was a cause for dropping out of the study in 7% of subjects who were evenly distributed between groups. There were no differences between groups for BTB when perceived by subjects as a side effect. Spotting was perceived as a side effect more often with Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7 use than with Triphasil (p less than 0.01). Loestrin, Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7 subjects were more likely to report amenorrhea (p less than 0.001) and less likely to report leg cramps (p less than 0.01) compared to those on Triphasil. Triphasil subjects were less likely to report acne than subjects on Ortho 7/7/7 (p less than 0.01).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Validity of the Bioself 110 fertility indicator.

The Bioself 110 (Bioself Canada, Inc., Montréal, Québec, Canada) is an electronic computerized thermometer designed to identify the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the device by comparing it with a reference method, the Ovustick (Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., Mountain View, CA) luteinizing hormone (LH) surge detection kit. The Bioself 110 identified the 6-day fertile period in 86.4% of 220 cycles studied and 5 fertile days in 93.2%. The Bioself 110 correctly identified the postovulatory infertile phase in 93.3% of 178 cycles. On average, the device identified 10.9 fertile days and 10.6 postovulatory "safe" days per cycle. It was concluded the device would be a useful aid to couples trying to conceive or prevent pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prophylactic antibiotics for suction curettage abortion: results of a clinical controlled trial.

The prophylactic use of 300 mg doxycycline at the time of an abortion was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. In the group with negative chlamydia screening results, only two (0.4%) of 502 patients who received prophylactic treatment developed pelvic infection, compared with 15 (3.0%) of 497 patients who received placebos (p = 0.001). The same effectiveness was found in women with positive chlamydia screening results. Vomiting was the major side effect of the medication and could limit its use. A simulation of selective prophylaxis in women with negative chlamydia screening results showed that its selective use in patients with a history of gonorrhea or in nulliparous women with multiple sex partners could be nearly two thirds as effective as general prophylaxis.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Chlamydial infection among females attending an abortion clinic: prevalence and risk factors.

To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the epidemiologic risk factors for chlamydial infection in the Quebec City region, screening was done with an enzyme immunoassay in 920 females who attended an abortion clinic between November 1985 and June 1986. The organism was detected in 105 (11.4%) of the patients. After adjustment for confounding variables, four variables were found to be independent risk factors for chlamydial infection: age 24 years or less (prevalence ratio 3.0 [p less than 0.001]), two or more sexual partners during the previous year (prevalence ratio 1.8 [p = 0.001]), no contraception or the use of a nonbarrier method (prevalence ratio 1.9 [p = 0.030]) and living in an urban area (prevalence ratio 1.6 [p = 0.046]). The results confirm that chlamydial infection is prevalent in this population. The identified risk factors may prove useful in determining the target population for screening programs.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1986

Long-term study of the safety of the Dalkon Shield and Gyne-T 200 intrauterine devices.

Between 1971 and 1973, 200 Dalkon Shield and 142 Gyne-T 200 intrauterine devices (IUDs) were inserted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology in a large urban hospital. In 1984 retrospective analysis of events associated with the use of these IUDs was done. Hospital and clinic charts were reviewed, and the women were contacted to obtain information on infertility and the outcome of pregnancy after discontinuation of IUD use. The rates of events leading to discontinuation of IUD use 2 years after insertion were similar in the two groups except for that of planned pregnancy, which was higher in the Dalkon Shield users (p less than 0.05). The rates of accidental pregnancy per 100 women were 3.8 for the Dalkon Shield users and 1 for the Gyne-T 200 users. The rates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) based on all cases of PID and follow-up information were similar in the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups in outcome of pregnancy with the IUD in situ or after expulsion or removal of the IUD because of planned pregnancy or other reasons. Infertility rates after discontinuation of IUD use were similar for the Dalkon Shield and Gyne-T 200 users. The results confirm the authors' opinion that the Dalkon Shield and Gyne-T 200 IUDs are safe and effective methods of intrauterine contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pregnancy after IUD use.

Much has been written about the risks of PID to IUD users, but very little about the subsequent fertility status of these patients. Is tubal infertility increased in an IUD user who has been asymptomatic? Does the addition of copper make the device harmless? Was the Dalkon Shield so harmful in the nulliparous woman? Our study (89 and 90% follow-up after 12-14 years) of 200 Dalkon Shield and 142 TCu-200 users allows us to answer 'No' to the three previous questions. We conclude that wearing an IUD per se does not cause infertility since all our patients who had IUDs removed for intended pregnancy did become pregnant; the addition of copper per se does not make an IUD safer although it does make it more efficient; the Dalkon Shield used in nulligravidas was not more dangerous than other types of IUD.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Prediction of human ovulation by rapid luteinizing hormone (LH) radioimmunoassay and ovarian ultrasonography.

Accurate prediction of the time of ovulation is essential for the recovery of a mature oocyte for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge can be considered the most reliable hormonal change closely related to ovulation. With the use of a rapid LH assay and ovarian ultrasonography, it now appears possible to predict quite accurately the time of ovulation, provided that these technologies are appropriately applied. Therefore, we have used a newly standarized rapid (3-hour) LH radioimmunoassay (RIA) for serial estimation of preovulatory serum LH surge. So far, 21 women have come to our center daily during their 5-day preovulatory period. Blood samples were taken daily every 3 to 5 hours between 7:00 A.M. and 11:00 P.M. Ovarian ultrasonic scans were performed one to three times daily depending on the day of the cycle and the serum LH level. Data show that there is a significant variation in the mean preovulatory follicular size, in the duration of the LH surge, and in the time interval between the initial rise of LH surge and the estimated time of ovulation. Results obtained from six women studied during two to four cycles indicate that each woman has a distinctive hormonal and ultrasonic pattern that appears to be reproducible. Thus it is recommended that such a pattern be appropriately evaluated before attempting laparoscopy for recovery of a mature human oocyte.

Adult↗