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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
J E Richard
Publications and source records attributed to J E Richard.
Comparative efficacies of erythromycin-sulfisoxazole and cefaclor in acute otitis media: a double blind randomized trial.
A prospective double blind trial compared the fixed combination of erythromycin-sulfisoxazole (E/S) with cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media. One hundred nineteen children in six centers across Canada were studied. Diagnostic tympanocentesis of 134 ears yielded 135 bacterial isolates: Streptococcus pneumoniae (42%); Haemophilus influenzae (21%); Branhamella catarrhalis (10%); Streptococcus pyogenes (5%); and other bacteria (22%). Seventy-seven percent of strains of B. catarrhalis and 14% of strains of H. influenzae were beta-lactamase producers. E/S exhibited greater in vitro activity against H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis. Twenty-three patients had bacteriologically sterile middle ear fluid. The overall clinical outcome at Days 10 and 31 was identical in both treatment groups. Otoscopic findings improved more rapidly in the E/S group than in the cefaclor group at 10 and 31 days (P less than or equal to 0.04). In cases where pre-treatment middle ear fluid was negative on routine bacterial culture, complete cure at 10 days was observed in 75% of patients treated with E/S but only in 14% of those treated with cefaclor (P = 0.02). Side effects were infrequent and comparable between the test drugs. E/S is at least as effective as cefaclor in the management of acute otitis media and may be superior, particularly for cases not yielding bacteria on routine culture.
Acute Disease↗
Auditory brainstem response audiometry in congenitally hypothyroid children under early replacement therapy.
Using auditory brainstem response audiometry, we evaluated 34 congenital hypothyroidism children under thyroid hormone therapy and 24 age- and sex-matched controls between 5 and 12 yr of age. Two main auditory brainstem response abnormalities were encountered: first, prolonged wave I latencies, secondary to a peripheral impairment, were found in seven congenital hypothyroidism children (20%): three of these showed signs of serious otitis media, unilaterally in two and bilaterally in the other, at the time of the evaluation. Second, shortened I-V interpeak latencies were observed in 10 children (29%). No correlation was found between the interpeak latencies and the L-thyroxine serum values at the time of the test or just prior to treatment initiation. Also, there was no correlation with estimated bone age at treatment initiation or with the Griffiths global mental development quotients assessed at 5 yr of age. These preliminary results suggest a significant incidence of auditory brainstem response abnormalities in treated hypothyroid children.
Audiometry↗
Adaptation of the visual vertical during prolonged body tilt varies with susceptibility to motion sickness.
Judgments of the visual vertical, made without a visual reference frame-work, from a tilted-body position, result in systematic constant errors (Aubert effects). Pitblado and Mirabile (1977) showed that these errors vary with motion-sickness susceptibility, persons of intermediate susceptibility showing the greatest error. Recent exploratory work suggested patterns of progressive intra-session change in Aubert effects which might further differentiate groups of differing susceptibility. The raw data for Pitblado and Mirabile's 1977 study were reanalyzed for possible progressive change. This new analysis showed significant progressive reductions in Aubert effects for groups originally high and low, but a nearly significant increase in the intermediate group. New implications concerning group differences in vestibular function are discussed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗