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Biomedical subjects

J E Pearson

Publications and source records attributed to J E Pearson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Spread of Salmonella typhi in a maternity hospital.

An Asian patient with undiagnosed typhoid fever was admitted to a maternity hospital and delivered within 10 min. Salmonella typhi (phage type D5) was isolated from her blood and from the faeces of her baby. Another women in a different room of the labour suite at the same time acquired the same organism in her faeces; her brother was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Unit 5 weeks later with typhoid fever. Two babies, born over 60 h after the index case was delivered, became faecal excreters of the same strain and one of them also developed S. typhi osteitis of the hip. These two babies and their mothers were in the same ward as each other, but not that occupied by the infected mother and her baby. Nine other excreters in two of the families involved were identified. The index case and her baby were isolated immediately after delivery, and the relevant rooms in the labour suite were adequately disinfected. No evidence of undisinfected equipment used by the index case and the other infected patients was found, and no spread to staff was detected. The mode of spread remains unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral assessment for pediatric intensive care units.

Two studies were conducted to analyze behaviors of staff and patients on a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). In the first study, behavioral observation procedures were employed to assess patient state, physical position, affect, verbal behaviors, visual attention and activity engagement, and staff verbal behavior. On the average, one-third of the patients were judged to be conscious and alert but markedly nonengaged with their environment. In the second study, a member of the hospital staff provided alert patients with individual activities to determine whether a simple environmental manipulation could positively affect behavior of children in intensive care. Employing a reversal design, the activity intervention was found to increase attention and engagement and positive affect, and to decrease inappropriate behavior. Both studies demonstrate that behavioral assessment procedures can provide an empirical basis for designing PICU routines affecting children's psychosocial status, and, thus, complement current procedures designed to provide quality medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Myocardial depressant effects of sodium acetate.

Sodium acetate produced a direct, dose-related decrease in myocardial contractile force in the dog and isolated rabbit papillary muscle. In the dog, there was also a decrease in blood pressure which was attributed primarily to the fall in contractile force. However, sodium acetate was found to have weak vasodilator properties as shown by the decreases in hind-limb perfusion pressure.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

Western equine encephalomyelitis in horses in the Northern Red River Valley, 1975.

In mid-July, 1975, western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus was isolated from mosquitoes collected in flooded areas of eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota. Inasmuch as clinical manifestations of WEE are usually observed in horses before human cases of encephalitis are recognized, surveillance of equine disease was initiated. Sixty-one practicing veterinarians from the are under surveillance reported 281 cases of WEE in horses from June through September, with peak incidence in late July. The high percentage of sero-positive, clinically normal, unvaccinated horses in one region suggested that many horses had developed non-clinical infections. The efficacy of vaccines used by the practitioners appears to have been execllent, as none of the horses vaccinated before the epizootic became ill during the period of surveillance. It was concluded that data collected from routine surveillance of encephalomyelitis in horses could be used to predict epidemics of WEE.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vibrometry and uremic peripheral neuropathy.

The vibratory sensation threshold (VST) was measured with a vibrometer to assess the progression of neuropathy in patients with end-stage renal disease. Normal patients and patients receiving chronic hemodialysis were studied. We found that the longer the patients were dialyzed, the lower their VST (P less than 0.01). Regression equations were established to predict threshold values versus age of both groups, and VST versus months on dialysis in the patient population. Vibrometry was an important addition to the assessment of peripheral neuropathy in our dialysis patients. It offers low cost, little patient preparation, and requires little professional time for examination and interpretation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An epornitic of duck plague on a Wisconsin game farm.

In April, 1973, an acute disease with a high rate of mortality appeared in a flock of 233 ducks and geese at a private game farm. Most of the flock (220) were black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mortality was restricted to them. In May, the remaining live birds were placed in isolation but mortality continued in black ducks and occurred in other species. The overall rate of mortality for black ducks was 93% and the case fatality rate was 97%. No hemorrhaging from either the bill or vent was observed. The most commonly observed gross lesions were extensive fibrino-necrotic plaques covering the mucosal surface of the esophagus, posterior colon and cloaca. Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages on visceral organs, particularly the heart, were also common. Virus isolation was attempted from tissues of three black ducks. Duck plague virus was isolated from liver, kidney, spleen and intestine of each. Sixteen black ducks survived the outbreak. Seven of these birds had significant levels of neutralizing antibody to duck plague virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Direct renal effects of sodium acetate in the dog.

Sodium acetate (AC) is used in clinical medicine as it provides a ready source of fixed base. The direct renal dynamics of this buffer salt are not well known. In anesthetized dogs the left renal artery was infused with solutions of AC. In concentrations of 0.1 to 0.5 muEq/min, the acetate ion was always immediately detected in the urine. There were no demonstrable renal changes in volume, PAH clearance, creatinine clearance or electrolytes during the perfusion periods. Direct infusion of AC into the renal artery did not cause any change in blood pressure. We conclude that AC in the conditions of our experiments did not cause renal vasodilation or changes in renal excretions patterns and appears to have a zero renal threshold.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Effect of sodium acetate infusion on renal function in the dog.

Sodium acetate (AC) is routinely used in dialysis solutions in hemodialysis units as it provides a ready source of fixed base. The renal dynamics of the buffer salt are not well known. Anesthetized dogs received i.v. infusions of AC at a rate of 40 to 600 muEq/kg/min. Urinary AC and bicarbonate excretion was measured and correlated with PAH and creatinine clearance and urinary electrolyte excretion. AC appeared in the urine as quickly as it was detected in the plasma. Its excretion gradually increased and tended to parallel bicarbonate excretion. PAH clearance increased with the advent of AC infusion, plasma pH and bicarbonate increase as AC is introduced. AC infusion caused an immediate drop in blood pressure. The systolic blood pressure returned to control in 3-5 min; there was a more gradual return in diastolic pressure. We conclude that AC is filtered and excreted into the urine at low plasma levels and has a low renal threshold.

Acetates↗
PubMed1975

Practical kinetics III: benzodiazepine hydrolysis.

The velocity constants for chlordiazepoxide hydrolysis were measured by independent techniques. A quantitative TLC kinetic procedure is compared with an extractive method. The data derived from both processes are in approximate agreement, further exemplifying the feasibility of TLC for rapid stability evaluation of liquid formulations as well as solution kinetic studies. In the extractive procedure, benzodiazepine-substrate was separated from the lactam product by methylene chloride extraction of acidic aqueous solution. The TLC procedure consisted of separation on silica gel plates followed by elution and subsequent analysis. The log kappa-pH relationship for the hydrolysis representing water addition coupled with expulsion of methylamine is presented. This function is characterized by water and hydroxide-ion attack on monoprotic species along with specific hydrogen-ion catalysis at higher hydronium-ion concentrations, and the rate law for the decomposition of chlordiazepoxide is given. Trhrough several half-times (pH 0.15-11.5, 79.5 degrees), this hydrolytic reaction generating lactam predominated; however, more benzophenone was formed as the pH decreased. Velocity constants were invariant over a 200-fold concentration range. The subsequent acid-facilitated cleavage of lactam to benzophenone was not further investigated. Both general acid catalysis and general base catalysis were evidenced, with borate, acetate, formate, and phosphate buffers accelerating the conversion of chlordiazepoxide to lactam. At pH values below neutrality, nonlinear dependency of the rate constant on buffer concentration was observed. This finding may be explained by a change in the rate-determining step as buffer concentration varied.

Buffers↗