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Biomedical subjects

J E Newman

Publications and source records attributed to J E Newman.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Deep wound infection after proximal femoral fracture: consequences and costs.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of deep wound infection after surgery for proximal femoral fracture (PFF) on the patient in terms of mortality and social consequences, and on the National Health Service in terms of financial burden. Sixty-one cases of PFF over a six-year period were complicated with deep surgical wound infection. These cases were compared with a matched control group of 122 patients without infection. Infected cases had greatly increased hospital stay (P<0.001), were 4.5 times less likely to survive to discharge (P=0.002), and if they survived, were three times less likely to return to their original residence (P=0.05). The total cost of treatment per infected case was 24,410 pound sterling compared with 7210 pound sterling for controls (P<0.001). Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection increased admission length and cost compared with non-MRSA infection (P=0.02). Deep wound infection after PFF is a devastating and costly complication for both the patient and the healthcare services. The cost consequences should be considered when allocating resources to trauma services to ensure adequate provision to minimize infection risks and to accommodate treatment costs in this vulnerable group.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Physiological responses of Gracilariopsis longissima (S.G. Gmelin) Steentoft, L.M. Irvine and Farnham (Rhodophyceae) to sub-lethal copper concentrations.

Through a series of comparative experiments the relative effects of copper (Cu) exposure on the growth and physiology (chlorophyll fluorescence, ion leakage, O(2) evolution and pigmentation) of the red seaweed Gracilariopsis longissima was investigated. Of the various physiological end-points measured, growth proved to be the most sensitive with reductions in relative growth rate (RGR) observed at a concentration of 12.5 microg l(-1) Cu, with zero growth above about 300 microg l(-1). A significant increase in ion leakage and reduction in phycobiliprotein concentrations were evident, but only at the highest concentration tested (500 microg l(-1)), at which point shrinkage of apical tips also occurred. Photosynthetic rates, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen evolution, were first impaired at 250 microg l(-1), with a 30% reduction in photosynthetic efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) and a 60% reduction in oxygen evolution. There were no discernible effects on respiration rates or chlorophyll a and beta-carotene content over this concentration range. It was hypothesised that the observed uncoupling of growth and photosynthesis at low Cu concentrations might be explained by the release of dissolved organic matter (DOC), resulting in less available energy for growth. No such increase in DOC was apparent. Alternative explanations to account for the uncoupling, including the diversion of energy for maintenance of cell integrity and induction of protective mechanisms, are discussed.

Cell Membrane Permeability↗
PubMed2001

The home stretch, a first analysis of the nearly completed genome of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1.

Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 is an alpha-3 purple nonsulfur eubacterium with an extensive metabolic repertoire. Under anaerobic conditions, it is able to grow by photosynthesis, respiration and fermentation. Photosynthesis may be photoheterotrophic using organic compounds as both a carbon and a reducing source, or photoautotrophic using carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source and hydrogen as the source of reducing power. In addition, R. sphaeroides can grow both chemoheterotrophically and chemoautotrophically. The structural components of this metabolically diverse organism and their modes of integrated regulation are encoded by a genome of approximately 4.5 Mb in size. The genome comprises two chromosomes CI and CII (2.9 and 0.9 Mb, respectively) and five other replicons. Sequencing of the genome has been carried out by two groups, the Joint Genome Institute, which carried out shotgun-sequencing of the entire genome and The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, which carried out a targeted sequencing strategy of CII. Here we describe our current understanding of the genome when data from both of these groups are combined. Previous work had suggested that the two chromosomes are equal partners sharing responsibilities for fundamental cellular processes. This view has been reinforced by our preliminary analysis of the virtually completed genome sequence. We also have some evidence to suggest that two of the plasmids, pRS241a and pRS241b encode chromosomal type functions and their role may be more than that of accessory elements, perhaps representing replicons in a transition state.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Bonding amalgams.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1986

Making reference: the cohesive use of pronouns in the narrative discourse of hemidecorticate adolescents.

The cohesive use of referential language in narrative production reveals communicative goals as well as specific aspects of language use. A formalism for analyzing pronominal cohesion was developed and applied to the narrative discourse of three hemidecorticate adolescents. The results revealed hemisphere-dependent differences in overall narrative skill as well as distinct individual discourse strategies. Neither left hemidecorticate planned narration in extended discourse units: One demonstrated a linear and highly explicit discourse style with redundant over-statement of referent nouns and the other produced narratives cluttered with pronouns of both correct and ambiguous reference, relying on nonpersonal pronouns at considerable cost to narrative specificity. The right hemidecorticate produced narratives that were more economical in form and richer in content: He was the only subject able to maintain simultaneous story lines with multiple pronouns and referential relationships cohesively embedded. All subjects expressed at least some story content, but only the right hemidecorticate narratives conveyed suggestion and implication as well as explicit statement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Patients with rheumatic fever recurrences.

An evaluation is made as to the effectiveness of a rheumatic fever followup clinic in preventing recurrences. Forty-nine recurrences are known to have occurred in 228 patients. Oral rather than intramuscular benzathine penicillin prophylaxis, positive oral or pharyngeal culture of Streptococcus pyogenes and large sibship were found to be associated with recurrences.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage under amalgam restorations lined with Copalite, Amalgambond Plus, and Vitrebond.

To evaluate the effectiveness of 3 cavity-preparation lining agents in reducing microleakage under amalgam restorations, the apices of 64 human molars were sealed with amalgam, and Class V preparations were placed. Following storage and thermocycling, the molars were placed in acid fuchsin for 24 hours, then sectioned longitudinally. Ranked data were used to score dye penetration. A Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to compare the three groups to the control. Teeth treated with glass ionomer cement showed a statistically significant increase (p = .0227) in dye penetration. Dye penetration increased when Amalgambond Plus and glass ionomer resin liner were placed under amalgam restorations. No difference in dye penetration was observed when Copalite was applied. Results of this study do not support routine use of these agents under amalgam restorations for control of microleakage.

Calcium Hydroxide↗