Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J E Murray

Publications and source records attributed to J E Murray.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Vasopressin stimulation of cell proliferation in the rat pituitary gland in vitro.

Proliferative activity was measured in rat anterior pituitary cells in short-term culture by calculating the labelling index (LI), based on the immunohistochemical detection of cells incorporating the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine. Basal LI was reproducible in the test system. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) induced a dose-related increase in LI up to 20 ng/ml. Corticotrophin-releasing factor-41 (CRF-41) had no effect at doses up to 20 ng/ml. However, in the presence of 10 ng CRF-41/ml, AVP induced a greater increase in LI at lower doses than did AVP alone. Fibroblast growth factor also induced a significant increase in LI. In the system used, epidermal growth factor and insulin had no effect on proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Surgical division of craniopagi.

The world's surgical experience on the division of craniopagi is reviewed, and a new case is reported. The problems, including ethical considerations, that must be addressed in selecting patients for operation and in preparing for the procedure are discussed in detail. Hemodynamic stability and the problem of intraoperative gravitational distortion of the brain are addressed. The importance of careful planning is stressed. Survival of the 31 craniopagi after operation is discussed in relation to types of junction.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Facial skeletal changes following hypertelorbitism correction.

This is a retrospective study of skeletal changes in 19 patients with corrected hypertelorism. A favorable outcome, defined as relapse less than 5 mm, occurred in patients with an average interorbital distance of 32 mm, whereas patients with an average interorbital distance of 40 mm tended to relapse over 5 mm. Neither age, interorbital configuration, nor diagnosis affected the stability of orbital translocation. At last evaluation (mean 6.7 years postoperatively), the mean interorbital distance was 22.4 mm in the favorable outcome group and 28.3 mm in the unfavorable category. This study suggested that the standard hypertelorism operation may interfere with anterior facial growth. Unless psychosocial factors predominate in a child with mild deformity, repair should be postponed until late adolescence. In a young child with gross telorbitism, nasoethmoidal resection and transmaxillary osteotomies or facial bipartition is justified. Another long-term skeletal problem was resorption of the reconstructed nasal complex. Technical and biological explanations for this are given. The correction of hypertelorism is surgery of the nose and of the midface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Toward a model of dichotic listening performance.

Dichotic listening performance for different classes of speech sounds was examined under conditions of controlled attention. Consideration of the complex of target item and competing item demonstrated that, in general, targets were more accurately identified when the competing item shared no relevant features with it and less accurately identified when the competing item shared place, voice, or manner with the target item. Nasals as well as stops demonstrated a significant right-ear advantage (REA). False alarm rates were very similar for left and right attentional conditions, whereas intrusions from the right ear while attending to the left were far more common than intrusions from the left while attending to the right. Attention is viewed as serving to select the stimuli that will be reported, but at a late stage, and only after the right ear perceptual advantage has had its effect. A model of dichotic listening performance is proposed in which both the ease of localizing the item and the strength of evidence for the presence of the item are relevant factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Microtia: a microform of hemifacial microsomia.

An analysis of associated deformities in 74 patients with isolated microtia is reported. Microtia should be considered a microform of hemifacial microsomia because of similar (1) asymmetrical nature of the defects, (2) incidence and pattern of seventh nerve paresis, (3) correlation of the degree of seventh nerve weakness with grade of auricular deformity and not with the severity of mandibular hypoplasia, (4) right-sided preponderance, (5) incidence of associated cleft lip and palate, (6) male predilection, and (7) equivocal mode of inheritance. These clinical observations confirm the concept that microtia and hemifacial microsomia have the same etiopathogenesis which is not shared by mandibulofacial dysostosis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Midface position after LeFort III advancement.

Nineteen of 30 patients who had midface advancement procedures between 1972 and 1980 had sufficient cephalometric data to be included in this retrospective study. The position of the midface in relation to the cranium and mandible was evaluated immediately postoperatively and for a period of 2 to 11 years (mean 5.8 years). At 1 year, midface position after LeFort III advancement was stable in 12 of 19 patients. Of these 12 patients, 8 showed some evidence of downward and/or forward movement of the midface. The remaining 7 patients showed a minor degree of midface relapse in the first year of follow-up. In 15 of 19 patients, at 2 years or more postoperatively, the final position of the midface was either at, anterior to, or inferior to its immediate postoperative location. Correction of exorbitism remained stable in all but one patient, who required a second advancement of the orbital segment. Three patients required subsequent LeFort I osteotomy to correct class III occlusion. Prognathism was determined to be secondary to mandibular growth, not midface relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Donor-site morbidity after harvesting rib and iliac bone.

Morbidity following 104 bone graft harvesting operations (60 iliac, 44 rib) in 72 patients is documented. Early morbidity of iliac donor sites was found, as expected, to be far greater than that of rib donor sites. However, long-term follow-up reveals that while hip symptoms largely resolve, a significant number of chest-wall sites cause persistent, unpleasant pain. Technical ways of minimizing problems are also discussed. When procuring an iliac graft, a lateral skin incision and a medial bony approach are used if possible. If full-thickness ilium is required, the crest should be left intact or raised and replaced as a trapdoor .

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Analysis and treatment of hemifacial microsomia.

Our experience over the past 25 years leads us to conclude that hemifacial microsomia is a progressive skeletal and soft-tissue deformity with the earliest skeletal manifestations in the mandible. We find that not only does the mandibular asymmetry become worse with time, but as the contralateral side grows, the deformed mandible also increases ipsilateral secondary deformation of the maxilla, nose, and orbit. We also find that there is virtually no "catch up" growth on the affected side of the face and that these patients always become more deformed with age. The psychological problems also increase with time and progression of the facial deformity. Based on our experience with correction of end-stage deformities, we now treat these patients at the earliest possible age, as determined by the patient's skeletal classification. We treat the mandible first in the hope that this repositioning in a more physiologic position will unlock the growth potential of the adjacent structures, minimize secondary deformity, and improve function and appearance to the greater benefit of the skeletal and psychological growth of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Skeletal changes associated with vascular malformations.

Five hundred and eighty birthmarks were reviewed; 356 were hemangiomas and 224 were malformations. Bony alterations occurred in association with only 1 percent of hemangiomas, in contrast with 34 percent of patients with vascular malformations. These alterations in bone development were classified according to size, shape, and density changes. Hypertrophy and distortion were typical of lymphatic malformations. Hypoplasia and demineralization were characteristic findings in the extremity venous malformations. Destructive and intraosseous changes were more commonly noted in the arterial or high-flow lesions. Possible mechanisms of altered skeletal growth include mechanical, physiological, and developmental processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Testicular autotransplantation in children.

A series of 10 microvascular autotransfers of impalpable intraabdominal testes has been reported. The viability rate was 60 percent as determined by growth and size of the transferred testis. Long-term endocrine and fertility studies are needed to determine the function of these gonads. The spermatic vasculature was unpredictable and showed many variations. Indications should be very carefully individualized.

Adolescent↗