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Biomedical subjects

J E Murray

Publications and source records attributed to J E Murray.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The application of a vacuum-ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer and synchrotron-radiation source to measurements of bands of NO. VII. The final report.

Photoabsorption measurements of NO bands have been made by vacuum-ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometry with a resolution of 0.12 cm(-1) in the wavelength region of 166.2-196.2 nm. Accurate line positions are obtained for the delta(upsilon,0) bands with upsilon=2, 3, the epsilon(upsilon,0) bands with upsilon=2, 3, and the beta(upsilon,0) bands with upsilon=10,12,14. Absolute term values are found for the corresponding upper levels C(2,3), D(2,3), and B(10,12,14). Accurate rotational line integrated cross sections have also been obtained for the lines in these bands. Integrated cross sections reported in our earlier papers [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 1751 (1998); 112, 2251 (2000); 115, 3719 (2001); 116, 155 (2002); 117, 10621 (2002); 119, 8373 (2003)] have been revised, and the results reported here comprise the delta(upsilon,0) bands with upsilon=0-3, the epsilon(upsilon,0) bands with upsilon=0-3, the beta(upsilon,0) bands with upsilon=6,7,9-12,14, and the gamma(3,0) band. For each band, the band oscillator strength is obtained from the sum of the line strengths of all rotational lines, and these are compared with other published values.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Surgeon scientist.

The origins and development of the renal transplant program at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now the Brigham and Women's Hospital) from the late 1940s to the present are reviewed. The program was initiated as a effort to understand hypertension as a cause of renal failure. The initial transplants were unmodified allogeneic grafts placed in the thigh, followed by extensive laboratory experiments on dogs. This research culminated with the first successful human transplant of a kidney between identical twins in 1954. In 1959 the first successful fraternal allogeneic graft was accomplished as part of a protocol utilizing total body irradiation and bone marrow replacement. Finally, with the development of immunosuppressive drugs, we were able to transplant a cadaveric kidney successfully in 1962. This was a major impetus in the study of organ transplantation worldwide, which currently involves kidneys, liver, heart, pancreas, heart/lung, and bone marrow.

Boston↗
PubMed2000

Historic landmarks in clinical transplantation: conclusions from the consensus conference at the University of California, Los Angeles.

The transplantation of organs, cells, and tissues has burgeoned during the last quarter century, with the development of multiple new specialty fields. However, the basic principles that made this possible were established over a three-decade period, beginning during World War II and ending in 1974. At the historical consensus conference held at UCLA in March 1999, 11 early workers in the basic science or clinical practice of transplantation (or both) reached agreement on the most significant contributions of this era that ultimately made transplantation the robust clinical discipline it is today. These discoveries and achievements are summarized here in six tables and annotated with references.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Revisiting the perception of upside-down faces.

In two experiments, the effect of orientation on face perception was assessed. Using a scale from 1 (normal) to 7 (bizarre), participants rated normal, unaltered faces and faces in which changes had been made to spatial-relational properties (eyes and mouth inverted or relative position of the eyes and mouth altered) or to component properties (eyes whitened and teeth blackened). For unaltered and component-distortion faces, bizarreness ratings increased linearly as orientation increased from 0 degree to 180 degrees. For spatial-distortion faces, a discontinuity in the function relating orientation and bizarreness was in evidence between 90 degrees and 120 degrees. The results provide support for the view that there is a qualitative difference in the processing of upright and inverted faces due to the disproportionate effect of inversion on the encoding of spatial-relational information.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Marital protection and marital selection: evidence from a historical-prospective sample of American men.

Whether marriage causes people to live longer or whether healthier people select into marriage is an open question. In this study I followed a sample of men from age 18 to first marriage and ultimately to death. Health in early adulthood was represented by height and weight around age 20. The probability of ever marrying and the conditional probability of marriage in a given time period were lower for smaller men and greater for larger men. Marriage significantly lowered mortality risk even after controlling for health in early adulthood. Thus I found support both for selection into marriage and for protective effects of marriage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Skilled nurses in schools: IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) at work.

Home care agencies have an opportunity to create a new revenue stream while helping disabled children receive their education within schools, instead of at home, through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This article examines the law itself, related court cases, problems with implementation, and implications for home care providers. Home care agencies must demonstrate to schools that they can deliver the services the schools need to supplement their nursing staffs under IDEA.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Orientation-specific effects in picture matching and naming.

In two experiments, subjects made timed decisions about the second of two sequentially presented rotated drawings of objects. When the two objects were physically identical, response times to decide whether the two drawings depicted the same object varied as a function of the shortest distance between the orientation of the second drawing and either the orientation of the previous drawing or the upright. This was found for both short (250-msec) and long (2-sec) interstimulus-intervals. The result was also obtained when subjects named the second drawing after deciding whether the first drawing faced left or right. Following repeated experience with the drawings in the left/right task over four blocks of trials, time to name the second drawing in the same-object sequences was independent of orientation. These results suggest that, initially, object- and orientation-specific representations can be formed following a single presentation of a rotated object and subsequently used to identify drawings of the same object at either the same or different orientations. Alignment of the second drawing with either the canonical representation or the new representation at the previous orientation is achieved by normalization through the shortest path. Following experience with the objects, orientation-invariant representations are formed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Overpayment guidance for home health agencies.

IPS brought many changes for home health providers, including intensified claims review and audits, resulting in overpayments. Agencies have several options despite the limited protection they have under Medicare, including challenging determinations, rebutting the decision, requesting a waiver, and appealing decisions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Transfer of an ovine metallothionein-ovine growth hormone fusion gene into swine.

An ovine metallothionein-1a (oMT1a)-ovine growth hormone (oGH) fusion gene was microinjected into 400 pig zygotes, the zygotes were transferred into recipient females, and 15 founder transgenic pigs were born. Of 12 transgenic pigs assayed, five expressed high levels of oGH (> 900 ng/mL plasma), one expressed low levels of oGH (10 to 30 ng/mL), and six did not express oGH. Dietary supplementation with 2,000 ppm of zinc for 6 d induced a 20-fold increase in plasma oGH in the transgenic pig with low expression but did not induce expression in the six transgenic pigs with no constitutive oGH expression. The average daily gain of five transgenic pigs with elevated oGH was similar to that of non-transgenic littermates during a 9-wk feeding trial (P = .52). The liver, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid weights were all significantly heavier for the oGH-expressing transgenic pigs than for non-transgenic littermates. Total carcass fat, longissimus muscle fat, subcutaneous backfat thickness, and loin eye area were lower and carcass protein and water content and beta R fiber area of longissimus muscle were higher in the transgenic pigs with elevated oGH than in their littermate controls (P < .05 for each). The data indicate that even though the oMT1a promoter was more inducible by zinc than was previously reported for the mouse MT promoter in swine, the former provided a higher level of oGH expression than the mouse MT promoter.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Flipping and spinning: spatial transformation procedures in the identification of rotated natural objects.

The proposal that identification of inverted objects is accomplished by either a relatively slow rotation in the picture plane or a faster rotation in the depth plane about the horizontal axis was tested. In Experiment 1, subjects decided whether objects at 0 degree or 180 degrees corresponded to previously learned normal views of the upright objects, or were mirror images. Instructions to mentally flip an inverted object in the depth plane to the upright produced faster decision times than did instructions to mentally spin the object in the picture plane. In Experiment 2, the effects of orientation were compared across an object-naming task and a normal-mirror task for six orientations from 0 degree to 300 degrees. In the normal-mirror task, objects at 180 degrees were cued for rotation in the picture plane or in the depth plane in equal numbers. The naming function for one group of subjects did not differ from the normal-mirror function where inverted objects had been mentally rotated to the upright. For both functions, response time (RT) increased linearly from 0 degree to 180 degrees and the slopes did not differ. The naming function for a second group of subjects did not differ from the normal-mirror function where inverted objects had been mentally flipped to the upright. For both functions, RT increased linearly at a similar rate from 0 degree to 120 degrees, but decreased from 120 degrees to 180 degrees. The results are discussed in terms of theories of orientation-specific identification.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The role of attention in the shift from orientation-dependent to orientation-invariant identification of disoriented objects.

In two experiments, the naming of rotated line drawings of natural objects was examined after a training phase in which the objects were either attended or ignored. In the training phase of Experiment 1, subjects were presented with objects in a number of orientations over five repeated blocks of trials. In the center of each object, seven letters (Xs and Ts, colored red or blue) were presented in rapid succession. Half the subjects named aloud the rotated object and ignored the changing letter display (object-attend). The other half ignored the object and counted the number of red Ts, and then used this number to perform a simple multiplication (object-ignore). In the test phase, all subjects named the rotated objects. The results showed that in the first block of trials in the training phase, mean naming time in the object-attend condition increased the further an object was rotated from the upright. This effect of orientation for attended objects was much reduced in the later presentations of the test phase. In contrast, there was no such benefit of prior presentation observed for the naming of objects that had previously been ignored. Instead, a substantial orientation effect was shown for the naming of previously ignored objects, which was similar to the orientation effect observed for attended objects named in the first block. Similar results were found in Experiment 2, in which object-attend subjects in training covertly named the objects and then performed a letter count and multiplication task. In both experiments, performance on the letter count and multiplication task varied with the angle of the ignored object. The results suggest that full attentional resources must be allocated in order for orientation-invariant representations to be formed and used in the identification of rotated objects.

Adult↗