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Biomedical subjects

J E Murphy

Publications and source records attributed to J E Murphy.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A comparison of mazindol (Teronac) with diethylpropion in the treatment of exogenous obesity.

Fifty obese patients were entered into a 12-week parallel group study of mazindol with diethylpropion in a general practice group. Both drugs produced weight loss, but patients on mazindol lost 19.9 lbs in 12 weeks, while those on diethylpropion lost 11.6 lbs, a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01). At each visit during the trial, patients had lost more weight with mazindol, but this was only significant statistically in the period 8-12 weeks (p less than 0.01). Patients developed tolerance to the effect of diethylpropion in the last period (8-12 weeks) but this was not evident in those patients taking mazindol. The number of side-effects was less in the mazindol group and mainly of an adrenergic, peripheral type, while those in the diethylpropion group are mainly of the central stimulant type.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro method for determination of tissue partition coefficients of non-volatile chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and estradiol.

The development of an in vitro vial equilibration technique for determining tissue and liquid partition coefficients for non-volatile chemicals is described. Radiolabeled chemical dissolved in propylene carbonate is equilibrated with tissues or liquid at 37 degrees C in a vial system. The solvent must be essentially immiscible with the test material. The amount of chemical movement to the tissue or liquid is compared to an appropriate reference vial, and tissue or liquid:solvent partition coefficients are calculated. Tissue:solvent values divided by blood:solvent values provide tissue:blood partition coefficients required for developing physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for chemicals. These models are useful for estimating internal tissue doses to assess human risk from exposure to chemicals. Partition coefficients for various rat tissues, 0.9% saline solution and olive oil were determined in this study for radiolabeled 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and for the less fat-soluble compound, estradiol. The TCDD tissue:propylene carbonate partition coefficients were found to be: blood, 0.091; fat, 17.02; liver, 0.419; brain, 0.632; kidney, 0.305; muscle, 0.408. For estradiol, the tissue:propylene carbonate partition coefficients were: blood, 0.286; fat, 0.169; liver, 1.032; brain, 0.554. The TCDD results compared well with values reported and estimated from a more protracted in vivo approach. Thus, this current technique offers a simpler and time-saving alternative to in vivo approaches for determining the partition coefficients of non-volatile compounds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new acute transforming feline retrovirus and relationship of its oncogene v-kit with the protein kinase gene family.

A new acute transforming feline retrovirus, the Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma virus (HZ4-FeSV), has been isolated from a feline fibrosarcoma. The viral genome of HZ4-FeSV contains a new oncogene designated v-kit, has the structure 5' delta gag-kit-delta pol-delta env 3' and specifies a gag-kit polyprotein of relative molecular mass 80,000. The predicted kit amino-acid sequence displays partial homology with tyrosine-specific protein kinase oncogenes. HZ4-FeSV appears to have been generated by transduction of feline c-kit sequences with feline leukaemia virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and evaluation of a Sarcocystis neurona-specific IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a serious neurologic disease of horses caused primarily by the protozoal parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Currently available antemortem diagnostic testing has low specificity. The hypothesis of this study was that serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of horses experimentally challenged with S neurona would have an increased S neurona-specific IgM (Sn-IgM) concentration after infection, as determined by an IgM capture enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). The ELISA was based on the S neurona low molecular weight protein SNUCD-1 antigen and the monoclonal antibody 2G5 labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The test was evaluated using serum and CSF from 12 horses experimentally infected with 1.5 million S neurona sporocysts and 16 horses experimentally infected with varying doses (100 to 100,000) of S neurona sporocysts, for which results of histopathologic examination of the central nervous system were available. For horses challenged with 1.5 million sporocysts, there was a significant increase in serum Sn-IgM concentrations compared with values before infection at weeks 2-6 after inoculation (P < .0001). For horses inoculated with lower doses of S neurona, there were significant increases in serum Sn-IgM concentration at various points in time after inoculation, depending on the challenge dose (P < .01). In addition, there was a significant increase between the CSF Sn-IgM concentrations before and after inoculation (P < .0001). These results support further evaluation of the assay as a diagnostic test during the acute phase of EPM.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction of theophylline clearance using condition correction factors.

The predictive ability of different mathematical manipulations of condition correction factors in estimating total body clearance of theophylline in acutely ill hospitalized patients was evaluated. Fifty acutely ill patients who were treated with constant aminophylline infusions were evaluated. Twenty-one patients were evaluated prospectively. Initial serum theophylline concentrations were ordered, and second concentrations were obtained at steady state. Twenty-nine patients were evaluated retrospectively and were included if two steady-state serum theophylline concentrations had been obtained. Each condition correction factor was determined by calculating the predicted normal clearance using a literature-derived clearance value and dividing it into the actual clearance obtained. The FDA condition correction factors were obtained by dividing the theophylline dose recommended for patients with a particular disease by the dose recommended for a normal patient. Pearson correlation coefficients for 15 mathematical manipulations were used to examine the relationship between the predicted clearance and actual clearance. The predictability of theophylline clearance using the mathematical manipulations decreased as the number of condition correction factors increased. The mean actual clearance for four patients with no condition correction factors was only 2% greater than the mean standard clearance found in a previous study. The use of 0.041 L/hr/kg as a standard clearance appears justified for calculating initial theophylline dosages in all patients. Patients with only one condition correction factor may use this factor to adjust dosage, but when more than one factor is present, the use of the other manipulations studied may result in either subtherapeutic or toxic serum concentrations.

Adult↗