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Biomedical subjects

J E Miller

Publications and source records attributed to J E Miller.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Efficacy of repeated doses of levamisole, morantel, fenbendazole, and ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in ewes.

Levamisole, morantel, fenbendazole, or ivermectin was administered at 2-week intervals from May 1 through Sept 14, 1985, to breeding ewes (20 ewes/drug) infected with various gastrointestinal nematodes. All ewes had fewer gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces (epg) after 2 treatments, compared with pretreatment epg counts. Ewes administered ivermectin continued to have a low mean epg (0 to 3) throughout the study. The mean epg counts of ewes treated with levamisole increased from 3 to 483 during the study. This increase was similar to that of ewes treated with morantel (7 to 485 epg). The mean epg count of fenbendazole-treated ewes increased from 4 to 192 during the study. By the end of the study, the mean epg counts when expressed as a percentage of the pretreatment epg counts were 4% (ivermectin), 249% (fenbendazole), 627% (levamisole), and 630% (morantel). With the exception of the ivermectin-treated ewes, the epg count increased almost linearly in the ewes after the 2nd anthelmintic treatment. These data indicate that the gastrointestinal nematodes (including Haemonchus contortus) may have developed more resistance to levamisole and morantel than to fenbendazole. On the basis of the epg counts, resistance to ivermectin did not develop during the 4.5-month treatment period. The percentage of ewes shedding eggs after 2, 4, and 6 anthelmintic treatments was lowest for ewes treated with ivermectin (20%) and was similar (40%) for ewes treated with 1 of the other 3 anthelmintics. At the conclusion of the study, most of the ewes (90%) were shedding at least a small number of eggs, regardless of the anthelmintic treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A case of Dipylidium caninum in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

The relevant literature concerning human dipylidiasis has been reviewed with specific reference to the association of children and their pet dog and cats. A specific case is recounted which is considered to be typical of the condition as encountered by pediatricians and general practitioners.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Anthelmintic treatment of pastured dairy cattle in California.

The relationship of anthelmintic treatment for subclinical gastrointestinal nematode parasitism with resultant milk production was studied on 3 California dairies where animals were maintained on a pasture-based nutritional program. All of the animals that started lactating (freshened) during a 12-month period participated in trials in which coumaphos was given as a feed top dressing to animals averaging 30 days into lactation. All of the animals that freshened during the subsequent 12-month period from 2 of the same 3 dairies participated in trials in which thiabendazole was administered at or within 2 weeks before freshening. Anthelmintic administration during 2 consecutive lactation cycles under the conditions of the present study resulted in no consistent reproducible significant changes in milk production.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pulmonary function in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation.

Mitral valve regurgitation was created in 2 groups of dogs. Groups were selected on absence (group 1) or presence (group 2) of clinical signs of congestive left ventricular failure. Group-2 dogs, in which mean left atrial pressures were greater than 30 mm of Hg, had increases in heart rate, pulmonary arterial mean pressure, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular diastolic diameter. These changes were associated with decreased arterial O2 tension, decreased static and dynamic compliance, reduced lung volumes, and increased pulmonary resistance. Group-1 dogs, in which mean left atrial pressure was less than 30 mm of Hg, had moderate changes in hemodynamics, but no changes in pulmonary function, except during exercise when arterial O2 tension decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Post-traumatic alterations in glutamine synthetase activity in peripheral and central nerves.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) was assessed distal to the site of axonal injury in traumatized rat central (optic) or peripheral (tibial) nerve prior to and during periods of reactive PNS and CNS glial cell hypertrophy. GS activity in crushed optic nerve remained equivalent to that in unoperated control tissue at 2 days postoperatively, but rose by 30% at 7 and 12 days after surgery. In contrast, GS activity in traumatized peripheral nerve was significantly lower than in unoperated controls at 7 and 12 days postoperatively. Administration of mitotic inhibitor (AraC, cytosine arabinofuranoside) prevented significant trauma-induced alterations in GS activity in optic nerves at 7, and in peripheral nerves at 7 and 12 days postoperatively. Results suggest significant alterations in glial/Schwann GS activity after nerve fiber injury and that these alterations can be delayed/prevented by administration of mitotic inhibitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The roles of reactive gliosis and mitosis on tropic factor production in traumatized nervous system tissue.

Proximal stumps of rat sciatic nerves were attached to inlet ends of Y-shaped silastic implants and offered a 'choice' of growing toward an Elvax pellet containing homogenate from previously crushed optic nerve which had been exposed to saline or cytosine arabinofuranoside (AraC). Previous studies indicate that AraC administration inhibits reactive gliosis in crushed optic nerve. Preferential or exclusive growth of axons occurred in implant forks attached to pellets containing saline- (vs drug-) exposed optic nerve homogenates. In contrast, inhibition of Schwann cell mitosis had no discernible effect on tropic factor production in distal stumps of transected sciatic nerves. Tropic activity of homogenates from cultures containing reactive-like astrocytes was nearly 4 times higher than homogenates not containing these cells. Results suggest a possible link between formation of hypertrophic reactive astrocytes and production of neurotropic factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Holoprosencephaly in a bovine calf.

Holoprosencephaly, a rare brain malformation previously unreported in the bovine species, was observed in a female Hereford calf. The malformation was characterized by lack of the longitudinal cerebral fissure and the falx cerebri with fusion of the cerebral hemispheres and a single hydrocephalically dilated lateral ventricle, absence of olfactory bulbs and nerves, corpus callosum and septum pellucidum, and heterotopia. The face was flat. There were mild ocular hypotelorism and severe microphthalmia. The morphological features of this bovine case were compared to those of human infants, and various possible etiologic factors and pathogenesis were discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Enhanced proliferation of WI38 cells in the presence of glucocorticoid-conditioned medium.

The addition of hydrocortisone (HC) or dexamethasone (DEX) to WI38 cells at subcultivation is known to result in increased saturation densities (20-40%). We report that maximal increases in saturation density are, however, only observed if HC is added to the culture shortly after subcultivation. We have found that the proliferative response of WI38 cells to glucocorticoids is mediated by a secondary stimulatory factor(s) present in medium-conditioned by cells in the presence of the hormone. Control cultures refed with medium conditioned in the presence of HC for the first 24 h after seeding (24 h HC-CM) achieve saturation densities 20-40% higher than cultures refed with either medium conditioned in the absence of the hormone (24 h CM) or 24 h CM supplemented with fresh HC. Furthermore, WI38 cultures remain responsive to the stimulatory activity present in 24 h HC-CM throughout the growth cycle. The stimulatory effects of 24 h HC-CM are enhanced by repeatedly refeeding cultures; WI38 cells refed every 2 days with 24 h HC-CM demonstrate an extended period of logarithmic growth and achieve densities 2-3 times higher than controls. A preliminary characterization of this activity shows it to be of low molecular weight (MW) (dialyzable using 12 000 MW cut-off tubing) and heat-stable (75 degrees C).

Cell Division↗
PubMed1985

Early diagnosis of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance.

The purpose of this study was (1) to confirm an experimental model of aminophylline-induced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); and (2) to determine whether nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, based upon proton relaxation values (T1, T2), could detect NEC during its early pathogenesis. Sixty male weanling Lewis rats (avg wt = 75 g) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: (A) superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion (1 min) + aminophylline treatment (40 mg/kg); (B) SMA occlusion; and (C) sham midline laparotomy (control). All surviving animals were sacrificed at 48 hr postoperation and a specimen of ileum was removed for light microscopy (LM), electron microscopy (EM), and NMR analysis. Percentage water content was determined for representative specimens. Mortality occurred only in experimental group A animals (18.2%; P less than 0.05), who had received aminophylline. Microscopy of ileum from sacrificed animals of this group showed changes ranging from mild cellular disruption to severe hemorrhagic necrosis. Early ultrastructural changes consistent with NEC were detectable with EM before LM. Proton relaxation results obtained with NMR showed significant prolongation of T1 (252.5 +/- 4.4 msecs; P less than 0.001) and T2 (69.3 +/- 1.4 msecs; P less than 0.025) during the first stages of NEC. NMR may indeed enable early, safe diagnostic imaging of NEC in infants receiving aminophylline, or those who are otherwise at increased risk for development of this disease.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1985

Cellular origin of human lymphotoxin and its purification.

The ability of various subsets of human mononuclear cells to produce human lymphotoxin (LT) was examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated into OKT4+, OKT8+, and Leu-11a+ subpopulations by flow cytometry. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells produced LT upon phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, but the OKT4+ T cells were the major source of LT. In contrast, Leu-11a+ cells failed to produce LT. The LT production and the proliferative response to PHA, of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells, were inhibited by prostaglandin E2 and histamine. The LT, derived from PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, was purified by a procedure involving Blue-agarose, Con A-Sepharose chromatography, preparative gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LT activity was recovered from SDS gel with major activity peak in the Mr 76,000 region and the minor activity peak in the Mr 24,000 region. The LT derived from 1788 lymphoblastoid cell line also showed heterogeneity on SDS gel. The activity was recovered from two peaks in the region of Mr 70,000 and 20,000.

Dinoprostone↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial adenoma: a review of 51 patients.

The cases of 51 patients with bronchial adenomas were reviewed. There were 43 bronchial carcinoids, 5 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 2 mixed tumors, and 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The carcinoid group was divided into typical (31, 72%) and atypical (12, 28%) subgroups. Nine carcinoids (20%) were categorized as metastasizing adenomas; in this group, 7 lesions were atypical and 2 were typical. Thirty-two lobectomies, 7 bilobectomies, 8 pneumonectomies, 2 sleeve resections, and 2 tracheal resections were performed. Ten-year survival was 88% for patients with typical carcinoids and 59% for those with atypical carcinoids. In the group with adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 patient died postoperatively, 1 had recurrence of the tumor, 2 were alive and free from disease 16 and 23 years later, and 1 died of heart disease at 11 years. The patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma was alive without recurrence 15 years after operation. In conclusion, bronchial adenomas of the carcinoid type are potentially malignant. Their prognosis depends on the histology of the tumor, and on the presence of metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and distant organs.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

22-Hydroxycholesterol derivatives as HMG CoA reductase suppressors and serum cholesterol lowering agents.

A series of 22-hydroxycholesterol derivatives with a modified side chain terminus was prepared. These agents were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their ability to suppress HMG CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. In tissue culture assays, 22-hydroxycholesterol as well as the side chain modified analogues were potent inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase. However, only those sterols with a modified side chain terminus were effective suppressors of liver reductase when administered ig to rats. 22-Hydroxy-25-methylcholesterol (4a) and 25-fluoro-22-hydroxycholesterol (15a) significantly lowered serum cholesterol levels when administered ig to primates; 25-chloro-22-hydroxycholesterol (15b) and the analogue with a cyclopropyl terminus, 20b, were ineffective. The cholesterol-lowering sterols did not significantly alter lipoprotein levels; however, the two compounds have been shown to inhibit acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT) in tissue culture studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

3-Alkyl-3-hydroxyglutaric acids: a new class of hypocholesterolemic HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. 1.

Derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMG), a portion of the substrate for HMG CoA reductase, were prepared and tested for their inhibitory action against rat liver HMG CoA reductase and for their hypocholesterolemic activity. Structure-dependent competitive inhibition was observed. Optimal structures had a free dicarboxylic acid with an alkyl group of 13-16 carbons at position 3. 3-n-Pentadecyl-3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3j) (IC50 = 50 microM) reduced serum cholesterol in the Triton-treated rat and HMG CoA reductase activity in the 20,25-diazacholesterol-treated rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cut income taxes with reorganization planning.

It is necessary to plan when reorganizing a corporate structure, to minimize taxes at the tax-exempt parent organization level and avoid unexpected tax consequences at year-end. With an awareness of the income tax rules, proper debt structuring during the reorganization phase is possible and should enable the financial manager to minimize total income tax.

Financial Management↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of the tris-salt of 2 [(methoxycarbonylamino)-[2-nitro-5-(n-propylthio) phenylimimo] methylamino] ethane sulfonic acid against inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi.

The tris-salt of 2-[(methoxy-carbonylamino) - [2-nitro-5-(n-propylthio) phenylimimo] methylamino] ethane sulfonic acid (MCA) was evaluated against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle during spring in Louisiana to determine efficacy of the compound against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae (EL4) of Ostertagia ostertagi. Forty-three crossbred yearling beef heifers were grazed together on contaminated pastures between Mar 1 and Apr 18, 1984. On April 17, 3 of the 43 heifers were slaughtered. Analysis of worm population characteristics in the 3 cattle indicated sufficient numbers of O ostertagi EL4 and other worm genera and species in these cattle to pursue a valid evaluation of the anthelmintic efficacy of MCA. The remaining 40 heifers were removed from pasture on April 18. On April 24, they were allotted into 4 treatment groups (10/group) based on an equal distribution of body weights and on whether they were spring- or autumn-born cattle. On April 25, the cattle were treated as follows: group 1, nontreated controls; group 2, treated with MCA at 7.5 mg/kg of body weight by oral drench; group 3, treated with MCA at 15.0 mg/kg by oral drench; and group 4, treated with MCA at 20.0 mg/kg by oral drench. The cattle were then confined in drylot pens until May 7. Similar numbers of cattle from each group were killed over a 3-day period from May 8 to May 10 (13 to 15 days after treatment). Mean numbers of O ostertagi recovered from nontreated controls were: adults, 8,279; developing 4th-stage larvae, 2,806; and inhibited EL4, 12,070.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abomasum↗
PubMed1984

Metal/cement interface strength in cemented stem fixation.

To characterize the strength of the interface between stem-type metal implants and bone cements, a fracture mechanics parameter was used. This parameter, the critical strain energy release rate (Gc), was determined from "push-out" tests of cylindrical specimens. The specimens, formed using molds of bone, were maintained and tested at body temperature. The strength of interfaces formed with cancellous bone surrounding the cement mantle was significantly less than the strength of those formed in apposition to cortical bone. A marked degradation of strength was found with saline immersion for SS316LVM/cement interfaces formed with Zimmer regular, Simplex-P, and Zimmer LVC cements. After 60 days of immersion the interface Gc was only 10-20% of the value for bulk cement. Interfaces formed with thin-film polymethylmethacrylate-precoated metals (SS316LVM, Co-Cr-Mo, and Ti-6A1-4V) yielded "dry" Gc values one order of magnitude greater than those measured with interfaces formed with uncoated metals. Moreover, the strength of precoated SS316LVM/cement interfaces formed with all three brands of cement did not change after saline immersion for 60 days.

Alloys↗