Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J E Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J E Martin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Zygote intrafallopian transfer as a treatment for nontubal infertility: a 2-year study.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) was used as a treatment for long-standing nontubal infertility for a 2-year period. The overall clinical pregnancy rate for 114 tubal transfers was 40.4% with a delivery/ongoing rate of 34.2%. Concurrent use of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for tubal factor infertility gave significantly lower clinical pregnancy and delivery/ongoing rates (21.1% and 15.8%, respectively). The use of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) for nontubal infertility yielded a 32% clinical pregnancy rate and a 26% delivery rate for 53 transfers. Zygote intrafallopian transfer resulted in an implantation rate per zygote of 17% overall compared with 8.1% per embryo for IVF-ET and 11.2% per oocyte for GIFT. The transfer of three zygotes per patient gave the same clinical pregnancy rate as the transfer of four while reducing the incidence of multiple gestation from 19% to 7.8% per transfer. No significant decline in the clinical pregnancy or delivery rate was seen with ZIFT in women aged 25 through 39.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Management of superficial G2 (pTa and pT1) bladder cancer.

A total of 143 patients with superficial G2 (pTa, pT1) bladder cancer (48 G2pTa; 95 G2pT1) presenting between 1970 through 1987 were reviewed. Of 48 patients with G2pTa followed for up to eighteen years, G3 recurrence developed only in 1 (2.0%), and invasive cancer (greater than pT2) developed only in 2 (4.2%). They both received radiotherapy and have responded completely. There have been no cancer-related deaths. In contrast, in the 95 patients in whom the basement membrane had been breached (pT1), higher grade tumor (G3) developed in 11 (11.5%), and 15 (16%) had recurrences with invasion of muscle (greater than pT2). Among these there were 7 (7.3%) cancer-related deaths.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1990

Spinal cord trauma in man: studies of phosphorylated neurofilament and ubiquitin expression.

Changes in neuronal proteins are a major feature of the neurodegenerative disorders, but the biological significance of these changes is not understood. We describe alterations in neuronal proteins as a result of surgical tractotomy on the human spinal cord at 3, 5, 7, 14 and 72 days after operation. Antibodies to phosphorylated neurofilaments labelled neuronal cell bodies in the nucleus dorsalis and anterior horns. Axonal swellings showed positive staining for ubiquitin, but ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions were not evident. The presence of phosphorylated neurofilaments in the neuronal cell bodies and of ubiquitination of axonal swellings may be indicators of interrupted axonal transport. The changes found in intracellular proteins in neurons after trauma do not resemble those found in motor neuron disease, suggesting that the intraneuronal ubiquitinated inclusions may have a unique significance in the cytopathology of that disorder.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

New insights in motor neuron disease.

In motor neuron disease there is a characteristic pattern of nerve cell loss and degeneration of related pathways. In surviving anterior horn cells several morphologically distinct, but generally non-specific, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies have been recognized. Recently accumulations of previously unrecognized ubiquitinated material have been described in surviving neurons, which cannot be demonstrated with routine histological methods. These changes appear unique to this disease, and provide a new insight into the underlying pathology that may help understand the pathogenesis of this intriguing disorder. In this article we review the new information on the clinical, toxicological and pathological features of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Prediction of response to radiotherapy in invasive bladder cancer.

The original pre-treatment histological sections from 125 patients with invasive (T2/T3) transitional cell bladder cancer treated by radical radiotherapy were studied; 63 tumours responded completely to radiation and 62 did not; 55 of 72 tumours containing areas of squamous metaplasia and 27 of 36 staining for beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin failed to respond to radiotherapy; 26 of 28 tumours showing both squamous metaplasia and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin did not respond to radiation, whereas 40 of 45 tumours without either of these features responded. The DNA ploidy of 86 tumours in the series was measured by flow cytometry; 11 of 27 aneuploid and 30 of 59 diploid tumours responded to irradiation. Squamous metaplasia and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin in bladder cancer indicate resistance to radiotherapy but DNA ploidy does not.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Controlled trial of aerobic exercise in hypertension.

To determine the antihypertensive efficacy of aerobic exercise training in mild essential hypertension, a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing an aerobic exercise regimen to a placebo exercise regimen, with a crossover replication of the aerobic regimen in the placebo exercise group. The study took place in an outpatient research clinic in a university-affiliated Veterans Administration medical center. Twenty-seven men with untreated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90-104 mm Hg were randomized to the two exercise regimens. Ten patients completed the aerobic regimen. Nine patients completed the control regimen, seven of whom subsequently entered and completed the aerobic regimen. The aerobic regimen consisted of walking, jogging, stationary bicycling, or any combination of these activities for 30 minutes, four times a week, at 65-80% maximal heart rate. The control regimen consisted of slow calisthenics and stretching for the same duration and frequency but maintaining less than 60% maximal heart rate. DBP decreased 9.6 +/- 4.7 mm Hg in the aerobic exercise group but increased 0.8 +/- 6.2 mm Hg in the placebo control exercise group (p = 0.02). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased 6.4 +/- 9.1 mm Hg in the aerobic group and increased 0.9 +/- 9.7 mm Hg in the control group (p = 0.11). Subsequently, seven of the nine controls entered a treatment crossover and completed the aerobic regimen with significant reductions in both DBP (-6.1 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and SBP (-8.1 +/- 5.7 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). BP changes were not associated with any significant changes in weight, body fat, urinary electrolytes, or resting heart rate. This randomized controlled trial provides evidence for the independent BP lowering effect of aerobic exercise in unmedicated mildly hypertensive men.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fatty tumours of the large intestine: a clinicopathological review of 13 cases.

Thirteen cases of benign fatty tumours of the colon have been reviewed. There were ten instances of submucosal lipoma, two of which were multiple, and three of lipohyperplasia of the ileocaecal valve. Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding were the commonest symptoms. Barium enema and angiography were misleading, the former in confusing polypoid lipomas and protruberant ileocaecal valves with carcinoma, the latter in misinterpreting fatty tissue vasculature as angiodysplasia in three patients. Most lesions were in the right side of the colon, and many were treated by limited colectomy as if for carcinoma or angiodysplasia. No patient has died as a result of their disease. Awareness of the possibility of colonic lipomas and knowledge of the normal ileocaecal valve anatomy are of importance to radiologists and endoscopists, particularly now that angiography is localizing the smaller fatty lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The immunocytochemical demonstration of basement membrane deposition in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.

We assessed the staining characteristics of the basement membrane of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder using a monoclonal antibody to type IV collagen. Basement membranes were clearly stained at the stromal/carcinoma interface. As transitional cell carcinoma became less well differentiated and the depth of invasion increased interruptions to basement membrane staining became more extensive and these findings are comparable to those described in similar series of transitional cell carcinoma using polyclonal antibodies to type IV collagen. The defects in basement membrane staining may be related to the degree and direction of tumour cell differentiation or may be explained by increased degradation compared to synthesis of basement membrane components. Demonstration of the basement membrane may be of value in diagnostic histopathology as a marker of the biological behaviour of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1989

Human chorionic gonadotrophin expression and histological findings as predictors of response to radiotherapy in carcinoma of the bladder.

A retrospective analysis of the prognostic value of pretreatment histology and expression of human chorionic gonadotrophin (B-hCG) was carried out in 100 invasive (T2/T3) transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder treated in a uniform manner. After transurethral resection of the tumour, all patients received a course of radical radiotherapy, with salvage cystectomy for those who failed to respond. Forty-nine of 100 patients responded to radiation; thus 51 did not. Forty-seven of 60 (78%) patients whose tumours contained areas of squamous differentiation and 22 of 29 (76%) of tumours staining positively for HCG failed to respond to radiotherapy. Twenty-two of 23 (96%) patients with tumours that had both these features did not respond to radiotherapy. The other histological features studied (grade of tumour, necrosis, inflammation, vascular invasion, and growth pattern) appeared unrelated to each other or to clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The fate of G3pT1 bladder cancer.

Poorly differentiated (G3) cancers are known to have a worse prognosis than other superficial bladder tumours. In the period 1976 to 1987, 53 patients with G3pT1 disease were treated by radical radiotherapy with a 5-year survival rate of 64%. Thirteen patients (25%) developed an invasive tumour during the follow-up period. The presence of secondary carcinoma in situ was associated with a poor prognosis. These results are better than those reported for transurethral resection alone and suggest that radiotherapy is the treatment of choice in G3 superficial tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Findings in lymph nodes of patients with germ cell tumours after chemotherapy and their relation to prognosis.

One hundred and forty six patients with advanced germ cell testicular tumours (38 seminomas and 108 malignant teratomas) treated by combination chemotherapy were studied over 10 years. Most of the improvement seen was in patients with malignant teratoma undifferentiated. In the most recently treated patients (1984-1987) 75% of drug resistant cases were malignant teratoma intermediate compared with 26% in the series treated between 1978-1983. The microscopic features of 52 primary testicular tumours were compared with features seen in excised retroperitoneal lymph nodes after completion of chemotherapy. Primary malignant teratoma intermediate had a higher incidence of viable malignancy in the excised tissue than malignant teratoma undifferentiated. Mature teratoma or fibronecrotic tissue within resected tissue was associated with a good prognosis. If resection was complete patients with drug resistant malignant teratoma intermediate had a more favourable prognosis than drug resistant malignant teratoma undifferentiated. It is advised that retroperitoneal node dissection should be considered in the management of patients with advanced germ cell testicular tumours, and that as complete a resection as possible be attempted to avoid the danger of missing residual disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical importance of squamous metaplasia in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

One hundred cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were studied to determine whether squamous metaplasia and other histological features within the bladder can be of value in predicting outcome of treatment with radiotherapy. Sixty cases showed the changes of squamous metaplasia, and of this group 46 (78%) failed to respond to radiotherapy. A significant response rate of 90% was seen in the 40 tumours without squamous metaplasia. It is concluded that transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder showing squamous metaplasia are mainly resistant to radiotherapy and alternative treatment methods should be sought.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Myocardial abscess and sternal osteomyelitis following myocardial infarction and resuscitation.

A 58 year old man presented with an anterior myocardial infarction requiring repeated resuscitation. He had impaired glucose tolerance. He died five weeks later and post-mortem examination revealed a myocardial abscess and sternal osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus. These had not been apparent clinically. The possible aetiology and difficulties in diagnosis are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

A demonstration comparing film mammography with the new high sensitivity xeromammography.

The author has performed a subjective comparison of breast images recorded with a new liquid-toner xerographic system and images of the same breasts recorded on Kodak OM-1 film exposed with a MinR screen and a 5 to 1 grid. The xeromammograms are judged to be superior to the mammograms recorded on film with respect to: (1) the demonstration of calcifications, circumscribed masses, and the back of the breast; (2) the "resolution" of dense connective tissue; and (3) the overall image quality. Radiation doses to the breast associated with the two types of study are said to be comparable. Thirteen pairs of excellent images comparing xeromammograms with conventional breast films are presented.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Neonatal aortic thrombosis complicating umbilical artery catheterization: successful treatment with retroperitoneal aortic thrombectomy.

A newborn infant with a history of umbilical artery catheterization had renal vascular hypertension and congestive heart failure. An abdominal ultrasound examination revealed aortic thrombosis extending from the celiac axis to the aortic bifurcation. Retroperitoneal aortic thrombectomy was performed without difficulty. The infant's hypertension and cardiac failure resolved. The retroperitoneal approach allowed excellent exposure of the aorta and avoided the postoperative gastrointestinal morbidity associated with a transperitoneal approach.

Aorta, Abdominal↗