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Biomedical subjects

J E Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to J E Jackson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Coil embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

Sixteen patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) have been treated by percutaneous transvenous coil embolization. In the ten patients who have had all their angiographically demonstrable PAVM's embolised there has been a reduction of right to left shunting from a mean of 28.1% to 13% and an improvement in mean arterial oxygen saturation from 87.4% to 92.4%. Eight of these ten patients now have oxygen saturations of more than 90%. All patients have shown symptomatic improvement. There have been three complications relating to the embolizations, none of which has been serious. Coil embolization of PAVM's is an effective, safe and well tolerated procedure. Embolization should be performed in all cases of PAVM's to prevent paradoxical embolization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Increased urinary prostaglandin excretion in galactose-fed rats.

Increased renal production of prostaglandins (PG) may contribute to the hyperfiltration that accompanies early diabetes. It was postulated that a putative metabolic abnormality of diabetes, ie, increased flux through the polyol pathway, stimulates renal PG production and that this phenomenon can be prevented by aldose-reductase inhibition. To test this hypothesis, the effects of polyol accumulation on urinary excretion rates (UER) of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were studied, using the galactose-fed rat model. UER of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were measured in three groups of weanling Wistar male rats. Group 1 was maintained on normal chow (n = 6), group 2 was fed chow supplemented with 30% galactose (n = 6), and group 3 received chow supplemented with 30% galactose and 0.7% sorbinil (n = 6). Ten 24-hour urine samples were obtained from each group between 151 and 240 days on the respective diets. UER of PGE2 (P less than .001) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (P less than .01) were higher in group 2 than in group 1. UER of PGE2 (NS) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (NS), respectively, were similar in groups 1 and 3. These data indicate that flux through the polyol pathway modulates the UER of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. This phenomenon may contribute to the glomerular hyperfiltration of early diabetes.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

The yield of a home visit in the assessment of geriatric patients.

Elderly patients often have problems not easily detected during an office visit. We investigated the yield of a home visit by a geriatric nurse specialist as part of an interdisciplinary assessment process. Compared with the findings of an office-based assessment by a general internist, the home visit resulted in up to four new problems (median = 2, mean = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.5-1.8) and one to eight new recommendations (median = 4, mean = 3.6, 95% confidence interval = 3.4-3.9). Twenty-three percent of the problems could have resulted in death or significant morbidity. The most frequent problems related to psychobehavioral difficulties (23.1% of problems involving 38.3% of patients), safety (21.6% of problems involving 35.7% of patients), and caregiver related problems (20.4% of problems involving 33.8% of patients). The most common recommendations related to safety (30.7% of recommendations involving 81.8% of patients), caregiver well-being (19.8% of recommendations involving 52.6% of patients), and social issues (12.7% involving 33.8% of patients). Baseline clinical information did not predict the yield of the home visit in this sample. We conclude that an in-home assessment contributes unique and meaningful information to the geriatric assessment process.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

A real headache!

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An in vitro micromethod for drug sensitivity testing of Leishmania.

We describe an in vitro microtest which is quantitative, rapid, and readily applicable to parasites isolated from all major forms of human leishmaniasis. It is based on drug-mediated inhibition of promastigote catabolism of a battery of simple 14C-substrates to 14CO2. Each test requires less than 1 microCi. The test is conducted in a serum-free, chemically defined medium containing 120 micrograms protein/ml, minimizing the possible interference of drug: serum protein interaction. Prior adaptation is not necessary to cultivate "difficult-to-grow" species. Leishmania sensitivity to pentavalent antimonials is detectable at micrograms levels below concentrations achievable in patients' sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Teaching the home care client.

Patient education in home health care continues to hold many challenges for the professional nurse. With the changing climate of the health care delivery system, an increasing number of clients are returning to their home "quicker but sicker." The demand on the nurse to provide more in-depth patient education in the client's home will increase. The nurse must be prepared to make a thorough assessment of the client's learning needs, develop and implement an effective teaching plan, evaluate learning, and revise the plan as necessary, as well as document the teaching. All of this must be achieved to ensure continuity of quality patient care and reimbursement by third-party payers.

Documentation↗
PubMed1989

Communication skills and self-esteem in prevention of destructive behaviors.

This study demonstrates the long-range effectiveness of SAY IT STRAIGHT training as a school-based program for the prevention of destructive behaviors by comparing juvenile police offenders among trained and untrained 9th-12th graders for 1 1/2 years following training. In the 1984-85 school year, 357 of the 740 9th-12th graders in a southwestern town completed SAY IT STRAIGHT training. Participation was voluntary and required parental permission. During a five-month pretraining period which began with the first day of school, the number of juvenile police offenders was not significantly different among students who would eventually be trained or not be trained. During the following 7 months including summer vacation, there were significantly fewer offenders among the trained students. The following school year and summer vacation there were again significantly fewer offenders among the trained students. During the whole 1 1/2-year study, the untrained students had about 4.5 times as many criminal offenses as the trained students and their offenses were more severe. Finally, 9th, 10th, and 12th graders as well as 11th-grade females who had been trained showed a significant shift toward behavioral intentions reflecting a greater willingness to implement their constructive decisions and feel comfortable doing so. This study extends the applicability of SAY IT STRAIGHT training which previously has been reported to significantly reduce alcohol/drug-related school suspensions among 6th-8th graders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Recurring epiglottitis in an adult.

We report a case of recurring epiglottitis in an adult. The patient presented with complaints of a sore throat and fever. The presence of a muffled voice led to radiologic and indirect laryngoscopic examination confirming the diagnosis. The patient responded promptly to glucocorticoids and parenteral antibiotics. Over the ensuing six months, he was readmitted to the hospital on three separate occasions with recurrent symptoms and findings of epiglottitis. On each occasion, he responded promptly to therapy. An exhaustive investigation failed to reveal a cause for this unique occurrence of recurring disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Activity of purine analogs against Leishmania donovani in vivo.

The dose of orally administered 9-deazainosine calculated to suppress 50% of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in hamster livers was 19 mg/kg (body weight) per day; 96 to 99% of Leishmania organisms were eliminated from the liver and spleen of squirrel monkeys by 50 mg/kg per day. Because these activities were greater than that of the experimental clinical agent allopurinol and comparable to that of the classical agent parenteral pentavalent antimony, 9-deazainosine should be considered for clinical development for visceral leishmaniasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Tricyclic antidepressant overdose.

Overdose of a tricyclic antidepressant is a serious and all-too-frequent occurrence. The diagnosis must be considered in known or suspected overdoses, and signs such as a dry axilla, tachycardia, and wide QRS must be specifically sought. Management depends upon support of vital functions and a thorough understanding of the pharmacology of the drug. Emptying the gastrointestinal tract with ipecac or lavage and hastening elimination with activated charcoal and a cathartic are extremely important measures. Cardiac arrhythmias generally respond to sodium bicarbonate, and seizures respond to intravenous diazepam. Neither physostigmine nor dialysis are considered to be treatments of choice. As in other overdoses, counseling to prevent ingestions is more than worth "a pound of the cure."

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Equilibration, distribution, and elimination of a single dose of intravenous ethanol in dogs with intact renal function or anuria.

We infused 11 mmol/kg of intravenous ethanol into dogs with either intact renal function (n = 5) or ureteral ligation (n = 7), and studied by frequent blood sampling and by urine collection the time and mode of ethanol equilibration, the elimination parameters, and the comparison of observed equilibrated plasma ethanol levels to levels predicted either by linear or by nonlinear kinetics. Equilibration time was 25 min or less, renal fraction of elimination was less than 5% of total elimination, and both linear (elimination rate) and nonlinear (Vmax and Km) elimination parameters were not different between dogs with intact renal function and dogs with anuria. Serum sodium concentration did not change throughout the experiments, eliminating the hypothesis that acute ethanol load creates clinically significant temporary osmotic water transfer from the intracellular into the extracellular compartment. Distribution volumes of ethanol from linear kinetics were slightly, but not statistically, greater than volumes from nonlinear kinetics. Equilibrated plasma ethanol levels predicted by linear kinetics agreed closely with observed levels greater than 4 mmol/liter, but underestimated observed levels less than 4 mmol/liter. Equilibrated plasma ethanol levels predicted by nonlinear kinetics agreed with observed levels throughout the range of observed concentrations. The use of linear kinetics to predict blood ethanol levels should be limited to the pseudolinear portion of the blood alcohol curve.

Animals↗