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Biomedical subjects

J E Harris

Publications and source records attributed to J E Harris.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The measurement of leukocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of cancer patients with solid tumors using monoclonal antibody reagents.

Monocyte and lymphocyte subsets were quantitated in the peripheral blood of normal subjects and patients with solid tumors using the monoclonal antibody reagents OKM1, BRL63D3, OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8. Percentages and numbers of cells reacting with monoclonal reagents were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Correlations between leukocyte subset values and stage of disease or immunocompetence were sought. No differences from normal were seen in the percentage of OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 cells or in the ratios of OKT4/OKT8 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all cancer patients, patients with localized disease, or patients with advanced disease. A significant decrease in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, OKT3 cells, OKT4 cells, and OKT8 cells was seen in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced disease reflecting the absolute lymphopenia of these patients. A significant increase was seen in the percentages of PBMC reacting with OKM1 and BRL63D3 from patients with advanced disease compared with normal donors or localized disease patients. A positive correlation was found between PHA responsiveness and absolute numbers of OKT3 and OKT4 cells. A negative correlation was found between PHA responsiveness and percentages of OKM1 cells. These data indicate that malignant disease does not alter T cell subset percentages in patient peripheral blood but may decrease their absolute numbers in association with absolute lymphopenia. On the other hand, percentages of OKM1 and BRL63D3 cells are increased in patients with advanced solid tumors in association with impaired PHA responsiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Chemiluminescence, suppression and cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from solid tumor cancer patients.

Chemiluminescence, indomethacin-sensitive suppression, and adherent cell cytotoxicity were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal subjects and solid tumor cancer patients. These functions were found to be differentially affected by malignant disease. In cancer patients with disseminated disease, indomethacin-sensitive suppression and chemiluminescence emission were increased to a level significantly higher than normal without a concurrent increase in adherent cell cytotoxic function. In cancer patients with at most minimum residual diseases, the levels of chemiluminescence, indomethacin-sensitive suppression, and adherent cell cytotoxicity found were comparable to those of the normal study population. In vitro stimulation of cells from patients with disseminated disease by phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) increased chemiluminescence overcame the suppressive effects of indomethacin-sensitive suppressor cells, and increased adherent cell cytotoxicity; in cells from patients with at most minimum residual disease, PMA increased chemiluminescence and cytotoxicity without influencing the activity of indomethacin-sensitive suppressor cells. Vaccination of lung cancer patients with Freund's complete adjuvant or Freund's complete adjuvant plus tumor antigen extracts led to increased levels of chemiluminescence and increased levels of adherent cell cytotoxicity without altering indomethacin-sensitive regulatory cell function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunoregulatory cell function in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with intracranial gliomas.

Levels of indomethacin-sensitive, glass-adherent, preculture-sensitive, and lymphocyte-mediated immunoregulatory activity were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 patients with intracranial astrocytomas. The levels of regulatory cell function were determined in assays of T cell immunocompetence as judged by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced in vitro lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Of 6 patients studied before surgical exploration and diagnosis, 6 exhibited significantly depressed levels of PHA responsiveness in association with significantly increased levels of regulatory cell function by glass-adherent, preculture-sensitive and/or indomethacin-sensitive cells. Six patients were studied after diagnosis and treatment. Of those, 2 in remission had normal levels of immune function in association with normal levels of regulatory cell activity, whereas 2 of 4 patients who had recurrent disease had significantly depressed T cell function in association with increased glass-adherent, preculture-sensitive and/or indomethacin-sensitive regulatory cell activity. Although some alterations in lymphocyte-medicated suppressor cell activity were seen in 2 patients, those changes could not be correlated with impaired T cell function as measured in the PHA stimulation assay. The changes in regulatory cell function could not be correlated with levels of immune complexes in patient sera. These data suggest that increased levels of regulatory cell function by glass-adherent, preculture-sensitive and/or indomethacin-sensitive cells alone or in conjunction with lymphocyte and T cell depletion are a primary determinant of impaired immunocompetence in glioma patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

TG cell involvement in the leukocyte adherence inhibition phenomenon.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), T-cells, non-T-cells, TG cells, and TM cells were tested for leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) in normal human volunteers to determine the reactive cell subfractions. T-cells were separated by sheep red blood cell rosetting and TM and TG cells by rosetting with anti-ox red blood cell (ORBC) IgM- and IgG-treated ORBC. Fresh PBMC, T-cells, and TG cells gave positive LAI reactivity to PPD in PPD-positive donors only. PBMC that had undergone 24-hour incubation or extensive washing, non-T-cells, and TM cells were unreactive. All cell subfractions were negative in PPD-negative donors. Indirect LAI assay was performed on the spent media from overnight incubation of unstimulated PBMC and also following a 1-hour incubation of the various cell subfractions obtained from a PPD-reactive donor with PPD. Positive reactions, indicating the release of an LAI factor (LAIF), were obtained with the spent media and with the T-cell and TG cell subfractions following PPD stimulation, whereas non-T-cell and TM cell subfractions yielded no reactivity. Incubation of sensitized T-cells with PPD in the presence of cycloheximide and preincubation of T-cells for 24 hours with cycloheximide before PPD exposure failed to inhibit LAI reactivity. These data suggest that T-cells, specifically TG cells, can release LAIF upon specific antigen stimulation with PPD, whereas non-T-cell and TM cell subpopulations fail to respond to the same stimulus. LAIF may also be released into the culture media with prolonged (overnight) incubation in artificial media or with extensive washing. Inhibition of protein synthesis during antigen exposure or up to 24 hours before antigen exposure does not appear to inhibit LAI reactivity.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1981

Radiation carcinogenesis in man: new primary neoplasms in fields of prior therapeutic radiation.

Nine patients are presented in whom new malignant neoplasms developed in fields of prior irradiation. The prior irradiation had been administered to these patients for previously confirmed cancers, lesions suspected of being cancer (but never confirmed as such), and for non-neoplastic disorders. Each of these cases is relatively unique and several present the first association between prior radiation therapy and the subsequent neoplasm or neoplasms which developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A brief survey of the management of memory disorders in rehabilitation units in Britain.

A survey of rehabilitation units and other hospitals and departments involved in the management of memory dysfunction revealed considerable variation in approaches to treatment and in assessment techniques. A very few respondents with a special interest in memory dysfunction were used wide ranges of tests, training procedures and aids. Other respondents were concerned about the lack of training and in the management of memory problems and the lack of guidance as to what techniques should be used. A pragmatic approach to helping patients with particular problems is contrasted with general memory training and the assumptions underlying such training are discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Relationship of leukocyte numbers, immunoregulatory cell function, and phytohemagglutinin responsiveness in cancer patients.

Leukocytes were quantitated in peripheral blood from 35 solid-tumor cancer patients and related to levels of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced DNA synthesis. Levels of glass-adherent, indomethacin-sensitive, or 24-hour preculture-sensitive immunoregulatory activity were evaluated in PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Cancer patients and patients with depressed PHA responses had significantly greater monocyte percentages in their PBMC than did healthy subjects; patients with normal PHA responses did not. Patients with disseminated disease had significantly greater monocyte percentages and depressed T-cell percentages than did controls; patients with at most minimum residual disease did not. When monocyte and lymphocyte percentages were correlated by linear regression analysis to PHA responsiveness, no significant correlation was found. A highly significant negative correlation was noted between PHA responsiveness and levels of immunoregulatory cell function. Abnormal immunoregulatory function, apart from alterations in peripheral blood leukocyte percentages and numbers contributes to impaired T-cell function in cancer patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1980

Quantitation of lymphocytes and T-cell subsets in patients with disseminated cancer.

Human peripheral blood T-cells were divided into subsets on the basis of their ability to bind to the Fc receptor portion of IgG (TG cells) or IgM (TM cells). These subsets were studied in 25 patients with newly diagnosed disseminated malignant solid tumors. When compared to a group of healthy, age-matched controls, cancer patients as a group exhibited signifcantly increased percentages of TG cells and significantly decreased percentages and numbers of TM cells. Comparison of the values determined for individual patients to those determined for groups of 10 healthy individuals in the same decade of life revealed that most cancer patients had normal levels of lymphocytes and T-cells, but many had aberrant values for T-cell subsets.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The length of the Y chromosome in Nubian males and its location in metaphase spreads.

A total of 242 metaphase plates from the peripheral blood of Nubian males living near Aswan, Egypt were studied with respect to the length of the Y chromosome and its location in metaphase spreads. The length of the Y was similar to that found in American Negroes, and the Y chromosome was peripherally located in 79 of the 242 cells.

Adolescent↗