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Biomedical subjects

J E Enstrom

Publications and source records attributed to J E Enstrom.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Cancer mortality among Mormons in California during 1968--75.

On the basis of Church records, detailed cancer and total death rates were determined for an average of 360,000 California Mormons during 1968--75, for an average of 700,000 Utah Mormons during 1970 and 1975, and for a subgroup of active Mormon males known as High Priests and Seventies. For cancer as a whole, the standardized mortality ratio was 68% for all California Mormon males, 83% for all California females, and 50% for active Mormon males in California and Utah compared with 1970 U.S. whites. Age-specific and age-adjusted total mortality rates were substantially lower in Mormons than in 1970 U.S. whites, with the greatest differences occurring between 35 and 65 years of age, where the rates for active Mormon males were reduced by more than 60%. Methodologic issues and sources of error were discussed, and the overall quality of the data was good. Some health-related characteristics of Mormons are also summarized.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cancer mortality among a representative sample of nonsmokers in the United States during 1966--68.

Data are presented on cancer and total mortality among a representative sample of nonsmokers and the total population 35--84 years of age in the United States during 1966--68 that measured the influence of cigarette smoking on mortality rates, independent of other health-related factors. Of all U.S. white males, those who never smoked cigarettes have a total age-adjusted cancer death rate which is 37% less than that of males as a whole and 53% less than that of those who currently smoke cigarettes. Correspondingly, of all U.S. white females, those who never smoked cigarettes have a total age-adjusted cancer death rate which is 15% less than females as a whole and 33% less than that of those who currently smoke cigarettes. The largest cancer rate reduction in the nonsmokers is concentrated in the respiratory system. Nonsmokers have an age-adjusted total death rate which is about 20% less than the population as a whole and about 43% less than current cigarette smokers. These and other results and methodologic issues are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rising lung cancer mortality among nonsmokers.

On the basis of data available from two representative samples of lung cancer deaths in the United States as well as national mortality statistics and other epidemiologic studies, the lung cancer mortality rate has risen substantially between 1914 and 1968 among persons who never smoked cigarettes. For white males the relative increase for ages 35--84 years has been about 15-fold; the relative increase for ages 65--84 years has been about 30-fold. For white females the relative increase for ages 35--84 years has been about sevenfold. Most of the relative increase occurred before 1935 and was probably due to changes in diagnostic criteria. However, increases have continued up to the present for male nonsmokers, who now apparently have an annual age-adjusted lung cancer death rate of about 25 per 100,000 persons between the ages 35--84 years. The rising lung cancer rate among nonsmokers indicates that factors in addition to personal cigarette smoking have had a significant effect on the mortality rate from this disease. In spite of the limited quality of these data, they suggest that a more complete understanding of lung cancer etiology is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Cancer and total mortality among active Mormons.

Based on Church records for 15,500 California Mormons during 1968 to 1975 and for 55,000 Utah Mormons during 1970 and 1975, the ratio of age-adjusted death rates for religiously active Mormon males compared with U.S. white males is 38% for ages 35 to 64 years and 50% for ages 35 years and above. The remaining life expectancy for active Mormon men at age 35 is about 44 years, over 7 years greater than for U.S. white males. Their standardized mortality ratio is 50% for all cancer, being 23% for smoking-related cancer sites and 68% for all other sites. Active Mormons, defined here to be High Priests and Seventies, abstain almost completely from the use of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, and tea, but appear to be fairly similar to other white males with regard to socioeconomic status, urbanization, and diet. Active Mormons are healthier than Mormons as a whole and rank among the lowest in mortality when compared with other groups of healthy males.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Multiple sclerosis among Spanish-surnamed Californians.

The 2,500,000 Spanish-surnamed white Californians have an age-adjusted multiple sclerosis death rate of 0.27 per 100,000 based on 48 MS deaths from 1966 through 1975. This compares with a rate of 0.83 for other white Californians and 0.75 for all Californians, suggesting that the MS death rate in California is due to genetic or local environmental causes. However, the 620,000 foreign-born Spanish-surnamed white Califorians have the extremely low MS death rate of 0.07, which is one-sixth the rate of 0.42 for the 1.330,000 Spanish-surnamed whites born in California. These data, by contrast with the first set, seem to indicate that environmental factors associated with place of birth are of primary importance. These findings suggest that Spanish-Americans as a whole have an MS death rate that is among the lowest of all subpopulation in the United States and that they offer additional opportunities for studying the etiology of multiple sclerosis.

California↗
PubMed1977

Colorectal cancer and beer drinking.

Evidence is presented of a significant statistical association between beer drinking and colorectal cancer, particularly rectal cancer. This finding is based on correlations between consumption and cancer mortality and between changes in consumption and changes in cancer mortality for 47 states in the United States of America. Also various secular trends, an urban-rural gradient, socioeconomic gradients and sex ratios in the United States are shown to be generally consistent with a relationship between beer consumption and colorectal cancer, particularly rectal cancer. The limitations on drawing sound aetiological inferences from such data are acknowledged. In particular, several other variables are shown to be associated with both beer drinking and colorectal cancer. Also, a discussion of previous epidemiological studies is given, and it appears there is only a limited amount of direct evidence in humans to support the statistical demographic relationships.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1975

Cancer mortality among Mormons.

Preliminary results show that the 1970-72 cancer mortality rate among California Mormon adults is about one-half to three-fourths that of the general California population for most cancer sites, including many sites with an unclear etiology. Furthermore, the cancer death rate in the predominately Mormon state of Utah is about two-thirds to three-fourths of the United States rate, and the lowest in the entire country. Mormons are a large, health-conscious religious group whose Church doctrine forbids the use of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, and tea, and recommends a nutritious diet. Initial indications are that Mormons as a whole smoke and drink about half as much as the general population, and that active Mormons abstain almost completely from tobacco and alcohol. However, they appear to be fairly similar to the general white population in other respects, such as socioeconomic status and urbanization. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Colorectal cancer and consumption of beef and fat.

Secular, socioeconomic and urban-rural gradients and geographical differences in beef and fat consumption within the United States of America are compared with corresponding data on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates. These results, together with the results of most previous epidemiological studies, appear to contradict the hypothesis that beef and fat consumption are involved in the aetiology of colorectal cancer.

Colonic Neoplasms↗