Biomedical subjects
J E Edwards
Publications and source records attributed to J E Edwards.
Conditions of the ascending aorta causing obstruction of the coronary arteries.
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Interruption of aortic arch and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Interruption of the aortic arch and hypoplastic left heart syndrome in the same patient is exceptional. In the combined collections of the Registry of Cardiovascular Disease (St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.) and the Registry of Congenital Heart Defects of the Rijksuniversiteit Gent (Gent, Belgium) three specimens were found with this unusual combination. These cases are herein described and compared with four similar cases previously reported in the literature.
Polysplenia: a review of 146 cases.
The types of cardiac and visceral anomalies of 146 autopsied cases of polysplenia are described. One hundred and five of these cases were from the literature and the other 41 cases were specimens we personally reviewed. The anomalies found support the previous description of this condition as bilateral leftsidedness. Each lung had 2 lobes in 55% of patients, and abdominal heterotaxia was present in 56%. Cardiac anomalies occurring in at least half of the patients include bilateral superior vena cava, interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation, ventricular septal defect, ostium primum defect, and morphologic left ventricular outflow obstruction. Not all patients with polysplenia have cardiac anomalies, and in many patients the cardiac anomalies are not complex. Fifty percent of the 146 patients died by 4 months of age and 75% before 5 years of age.
Involvement of the aortic valve cusps in discrete subaortic stenosis.
A review of 18 cases with discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) revealed that involvement of the aortic valve cusps in the basic process was present in 16. In these 16 cases, extensions of fibroelastic tissue from the site of the DSS toward the base or superior to the base of one or more cusps were seen. In seven of the involved cases, deformity of a cusp was associated with these extensions. Valvular aortic insufficiency in cases with DSS might be caused by extensions of the fibroelastic tissue to the aortic cusps.
Emissary vein: an element of anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
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Anomalies of the thoracic aorta: pathologic considerations.
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The depletion of glycogen stores and indices of dehydration in transported broilers.
Broilers were either not transported or were transported for 2, 4 or 6 hours after having been subjected to food withdrawal times of less than one hour or of ten hours. The birds were then slaughtered using normal commercial practices. The longer period of food deprivation reduced liver weight and glycogen content, and circulating glucose concentrations. It also elevated the ultimate pH value (pHu) in the biceps muscle and by implication, therefore, reduced its glycogen content. With longer journey times, liver weight and glycogen content decreased. Transport had an inconsistent effect on glycogen concentration in the pectoral muscle but progressively reduced its pHu. In contrast, pHu in the biceps progressively increased, by implication because transport depleted muscle glycogen levels. Birds transported further had higher concentrations of total protein in their plasma which, though this was not significant, also had a higher osmolality. This suggests that transported birds became dehydrated. Additionally, the depletion of body glycogen stores might be associated with the perception of fatigue.
Response of broilers to deprivation of food and water for 24 hours.
In order to provide information on the state of hydration of broilers during marketing, 7-week-old Ross broilers of mixed sex were kept at 17 or 23 degrees C and deprived of food, or food and water, for 24 h. Measurements were made of live weight, carcass weight, muscle moisture, packed cell volume, plasma glucose, corticosterone, total protein, osmolality and sodium. There was a decrease in live weight, carcass weight, plasma glucose and plasma total protein, and an increase in packed cell volume and corticosterone, in birds deprived of food, or food and water. Muscle moisture increased in birds deprived of food and decreased in birds deprived of food and water. Osmolality decreased in birds deprived of food, the decrease being greater in birds at 23 degrees C. Plasma sodium levels were higher in birds kept at 23 degrees C and increased only in birds deprived of food and water at 23 degrees C.
Adherence of Candida species to host tissues and plastic surfaces.
Adherence of Candida species to host tissues and nonbiologic materials has been studied in vivo and in vitro. Attachment of Candida albicans to mucosal cells, fibrin-platelet matrices, vascular endothelial cells, and plastic materials has been examined to elucidate early events in the pathogenesis of mucosal colonization and infection, candidal endocarditis, tissue invasion from the intravascular space, and infection of prosthetic devices. Adherence of C. albicans and Candida tropicalis exceeds that of less virulent Candida species, and germinated C. albicans cells adhere to host tissues more readily than do yeast-phase organisms. The adhesin of Candida that mediates attachment has yet to be characterized at the molecular level; however, on the basis of competitive inhibition by crude and purified cell wall products, blocking by antibody and lectin, and controlled degradation of the cell surface of Candida, it appears that mannans and mannoproteins are important constituents of the adhesin. The methods currently used to assay adherence of Candida all have limitations, and an approach to resolving these limitations is one of several areas that warrant further investigation.
Eccentric and concentric strength of the shoulder and arm musculature in collegiate baseball pitchers.
Many pitching injuries occur during deceleration of the upper extremity when the muscles of the shoulder and arm are acting eccentrically. Published information regarding eccentric muscular strength in baseball pitchers is nonexistent. The purpose of this study was to assess bilateral isokinetic eccentric and concentric muscular strength of the shoulder's external and internal rotator muscles and the elbow's flexor and extensor muscles in a group of collegiate baseball pitchers (N = 25). Isokinetic strength was assessed at 1.6, 3.7, and 5.2 rad/sec. Our findings indicate that the internal rotator muscles were always stronger than the external rotator muscles and that the concentric and eccentric external-to-internal strength ratios ranged from 62% to 81%. The eccentric strength of the shoulder rotator muscles averaged 114% that of concentric strength. The concentric and eccentric elbow extension-to-flexion strength ratios ranged from 71% to 110%; eccentric strength averaged 33% higher than concentric strength. No differences were noted between dominant and nondominant limbs for any of the strength measures or ratios. Clinically, the findings of this study can serve as a reference during the evaluation, rehabilitation, and conditioning of throwing athletes.
Systemic symptoms from Candida in the gut: real or imaginary?
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Anomalies associated with the parachute mitral valve: a pathologic analysis of 52 cases.
Fifty-two specimens of heart with parachute mitral valve were reviewed. An associated anomaly was present in all but two patients. In these two patients parachute mitral valve was an isolated anomaly. The associated anomalies were divided into those which form part of the developmental complex described by Shone and associates and other anomalies designated as major anomalies. Normally related great vessels were present in 35 cases, double outlet right ventricle in eight cases, complete transposition in four cases, corrected transposition and single ventricle in two cases each and straddling tricuspid valve in one case. The most common associated anomaly was an interventricular communication occurring in 37 cases. Less common anomalies were an atrial septal defect (18 cases), patent ductus arteriosus (21 cases), complete atrioventricular canal (five cases), right-sided obstructive anomalies (13 cases) and left-sided obstructive anomalies other than those as part of the Shone syndrome (11 cases).
[Surgical treatment of post-infarct ventricular aneurysm, using simultaneous myocardial revascularization].
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The coronary vessles in sudden death and in acute myocardial infarction.
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