Biomedical subjects
J E Cooper
Publications and source records attributed to J E Cooper.
Gastrointestinal: fundic gland polyps.
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A new peroxidase cDNA from white clover: its characterization and expression in root tissue challenged with homologous rhizobia, heterologous rhizobia, or Pseudomonas syringae.
Temporal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expression analyses were performed on Trprx2, a new white clover peroxidase, with roots challenged with homologous rhizobia, heterologous rhizobia, and a pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae. Low levels of Trprx2 expression were evident in all rhizobial treatments but in P.syringae-treated clover background expression was dramatically reduced within 1 h and was undetectable in treatments inoculated for more than 3 h. Spraying 4 mM salicylic acid onto seedlings increased Trprx2 expression. These data suggest a defensive role for Trprx2 in white clover and indicate active defense suppression by the pathogen.
Components of initial and residual disability after back injury in nurses.
STUDY DESIGN: A pre- versus postintervention with concurrent control group design was used to investigate the effect of a workplace-based early intervention program on perception of disability in nurses with low back injury. OBJECTIVES: This report examines changes over time in the components of the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire in two groups of back-injured nurses-those who received the early intervention program (study) and those who were not offered the program (control). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Early intervention programs can decrease morbidity, time lost from work, and compensation costs. Although perception of disability decreases, some residual disability remains, the nature of which is not clear. METHODS: The Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire scores of 40 study nurses and 118 control nurses at time of injury and at 6 months after injury were examined. Analysis of variance was used to compare changes in mean overall scores over time. The proportion of nurses reporting disability on individual components of the Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire at each time period was compared with the results of a chi-square test. RESULTS: Overall Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire scores were similar between study and control nurses at time of injury, but were significantly lower in study nurses at 6 months after injury. However, scores of individual Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire components that related to job demands increased over time; this was most apparent in lifting, particularly in study nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Although overall perception of disability decreased 6 months after injury, particularly in study nurses, disability in job-related activities persisted. Residual disability after back injury should be addressed in workplace-based prevention programs.
Pathological studies on camelpox lesions of the respiratory system in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Three dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), which died from generalized camelpox with lesions in the respiratory system, were investigated. Histopathological lesions in the lung consisted of small, sometimes confluent foci of proliferated bronchial epithelium, necrosis and fibrosis. Orthopoxvirus cameli was demonstrated in all three cases by transmission electron microscopy and the virus was isolated from the lung and trachea on Dubca cells. It was proved by restriction enzyme analysis of the viral DNA that the isolates were identical. Immunohistochemical examination showed numerous poxvirus antigen-positive cells in the bronchial epithelia. Immunolabelled material was found in bronchial epithelial cells with hydropic degeneration and in infiltrating macrophages.
Emergency care of invertebrates.
Invertebrates are of increasing importance to the veterinary profession, but little scientifically-based information exists on their emergency care. Therefore, basic principles--supportive care, including administration of fluids, and specific therapy (where available)--must be followed up on. Knowledge and understanding of the biology and natural history of these animals are essential if critical care is to prove successful.
Images in gastroenterology. Duodenal melanosis.
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Gastrointestinal: hyperplastic gastric polyps.
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Images in gastroenterology. Gastrointestinal manifestations of neurofibromatosis.
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Nosocomial exposure to parvovirus B19: low risk of transmission to healthcare workers.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of nosocomial transmission of parvovirus B19 (B19) infection to healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to patients with transient aplastic crisis (TAC) caused by acute B19 infection. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: 1,000-bed, urban teaching hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-seven exposed HCWs who cared for two patients with TAC prior to the time they were isolated and a comparison group of 88 unexposed HCWs from wards or clinics where the patients did not receive care. INTERVENTION: Self-administered questionnaire on hospital contact with index patients, B19 community risk factors, and signs and symptoms suggestive of B19 disease. Serology for B19-specific IgM and IgG antibodies measured by antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: 1 (3.1%) of the 32 nonimmune exposed HCWs had serologic evidence of recent B19 infection compared to 3 (8.1%) of the 37 nonimmune HCWs in the comparison group (P = .6). In a subgroup analysis of exposed HCWs who cared for index patients during the time when the virus load was expected to be greatest, a recent infection rate of 5.8% (1/17) was found among nonimmune HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of similar rates of recent infection in nonimmune exposed and unexposed HCWs suggests that transmission to HCWs did not occur, despite failure to place the patients in isolation at the onset of hospitalization.
Avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii): clinical and pathologic findings.
Clinical and pathologic findings of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) in 19 houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) imported from Pakistan into the United Arab Emirates and one captive-bred bird are reported. Clinical signs included circling, walking backward, ataxia, opisthotonos, torticollis, recumbency, head tilt, head shaking, head tremor, tucking of head under keel, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and diarrhea. The length of time imported birds exhibited clinical signs varied from 4 days to 18 mo after importation. Hemagglutinating antibodies against PMV-1 were detected in the sera of all 17 birds from which blood samples were collected, and PMV-1 was isolated from pooled brain, spleen, and lung tissues from two birds with acute clinical signs. There were no distinctive gross lesions at necropsy, and histologic findings were consistent with but not pathognomonic for PMV-1. All houbara bustards managed in a captive breeding and restoration program established by the National Avian Research Center have been vaccinated against PMV-1 since October 1992, and no case of PMV-1 has been reported in this collection since that time.
Effect of an early intervention program on the relationship between subjective pain and disability measures in nurses with low back injury.
STUDY DESIGN: The effect of a workplace-based early intervention program on perceptions of pain and disability in nurses with low back injury was studied using a preintervention versus postintervention design with concurrent control group. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship and changes over time between pain and disability measures in two groups of back-injured nurses--those who received the early intervention program (study) and those who were not offered the program (control). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The relationship between back pain and disability is not straightforward. The effects of an intervention program on changes in perceptions of pain and disability over time have not been widely reported. METHODS: The Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire and a visual analog pain scale were administered to 46 study nurses and 137 control nurses at time of injury and at 6 months after injury. Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between the two measures. Changes over time were compared with analyses of variance. RESULTS: Pain and disability were positively correlated in both groups at time of injury and at follow-up evaluation. Mean scores for pain and disability were lower at follow-up evaluation than at initial injury in both groups; study nurses had significantly (P < 0.01) lower scores at 6 months than nurses in the control group. Disability at time of injury predicted disability at 6 months only for nurses in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This workplace-based early intervention program decreased levels of pain and disability in back-injured nurses and altered the relationship between these two variables over a 6-month time interval.
Parasites and pathogens of non-human primates.
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Diagnosis and treatment of a parasitic dermatitis in a laboratory colony of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis).
A parasitic dermatitis, caused by a nematode infestation of the epidermis, was diagnosed in 11 captive African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) by a histological examination of the skin. Eight of the animals died or were euthanased before effective treatment with levamisole was administered, and one frog died after being treated. Secondary infection with opportunistic pathogens may have been involved in the progression of the disease.
Case report: myolipoma or liposarcoma--a mistaken identity in the retroperitoneum.
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Subtraction hybridization for the isolation of strain-specific Rhizobium DNA probes.
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A modification of a method to determine expressible moisture in ground, dark poultry meat.
Research was conducted to develop a more accurate and less time-consuming method of determining expressible moisture in poultry meat. Two modifications of wrapping meat in netting (fold wrap or basket wrap) were compared to a conventional method that did not include wrapping meat. Ground, dark poultry meat, with and without 2.0% added NaCl, was wrapped in netting and analyzed for expressible moisture. The fold wrap method was determined to be more accurate and easier to use, as less expressed meat adhered to the surrounding filter papers. Thus, actual expressed moisture absorbed by filter papers was measured.