Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J E Cooper.
Ulceration and necrosis of the rostrum in Darwin's frogs was investigated microbiologically and histopathologically. The condition was attributed to infection with Aeromonas liquefaciens and, possibly, an Acinetobacter sp.
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Newborn Microtus agrestis were given single acute whole-body gamma-irradiation (350, 500, or 750R). C-banded bone marrow preparations showed cells with radiation-induced rearrangements of constitutive heterochromatin of the sex chromosomes, usually the consequence of single events, encompassing a wide spectrum of deletions and translocations. These cells persisted in bone marrow for more than a year after irradiation; however, many cells showing the same redistribution of heterochromatin constituted clones of both deletions and translocations. These results indicate that deletion or rearrangement of constitutive heterochromatin does not impair the capacity of bone marrow cells for further proliferation.
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The Present State Examination (PSE) is discussed with regard to its use in surveys of subjects who are not psychiatric patients. Although the PSE was originally developed for use by psychiatrists with patients with obvious mental illness, the interview also contains sections dealing in considerable detail with the commoner and less severe complaints and symptoms that are found in a significant proportion of 'normal subjects'. A shortened version of the PSE (8th edition) is described, limited to these sections, which has been used in population surveys, by interviewers who are not psychiatrists, The training of such interviewers is described, and information on a reliability and repeatability study is presented. This shows that with proper training, non-psychiatric interviewers can achieve standards of inter-rater reliability that are comparable to those previously reported between psychiatrists.
The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin has been examined by C-banding in two somatic cell lines, grown in vitro, from a female Microtus agrestis. One line retains one intact X chromosome together with the short arm of the other X chromosome, while the other cell line retains only the short arm of one X chromosome. Thus, each cell line has lost substantial amounts of heterochromatin from the sex chromosomes, but this material has been deleted from the cells, and not translocated to other chromosomes. Nonetheless, both cell lines continue to propagate well in vitro.
In 12 pregnant sows (Sus scrofa domestica), containing 144 live fetuses, placental blood flow was measured by the indicator fractionation technique using radioactive microspheres. In 8 of these litters, which contained 96 live fetuses, placental blood flow as obtained in absolute units. Significant positive correlations were observed between placental blood flow and placental weight, between placental blood flow and fetal weight, and between placental weight and fetal weight. It is clear that the runt, by comparison with his littermates, has a low birthweight in association with a small placenta and a low placental blood flow.
A simple barrier system was used successfully to exclude Mycoplasma pulmonis and Sendai virus from a conventional mouse room. 49 weeks after introduction of the barrier system of management Pasteurella pneumotropica was first isolated from animals in the room.
The historical and present role of lower (non-mammalian) vertebrates in biomedical research is discussed. Examples are given of disease problems and experimental studies. It is suggested that lower vertebrates may prove of increasing value in this field in the future.
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