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Biomedical subjects

J E Cone

Publications and source records attributed to J E Cone.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Chemical characterization of the selenoprotein component of clostridial glycine reductase: identification of selenocysteine as the organoselenium moiety.

A small, heat-stable selenoprotein, one of the components of the glycine reductase complex, was labeled with 75Se by growth of Clostridium sticklandii in the presence of Na2 75SeO3. The selenium-containing moiety, which is essential for the biological activity of the protein, was shown to be a selenocysteine residue. It was isolated as its Se-carboxymethyl, Se-carboxyethyl, and Se-aminoethyl derivatives from digests of the pure 75Se-labeled protein that had been reduced and treated with the various alkylating agents prior to hydrolysis. In each instance the 75Se-labeled moiety obtained from an alkylated protein sample and the corresponding alkyl derivative of authentic selenocysteine were indistinguishable. Several studies of the native selenoprotein detected a chromophore (UVmax 238nm) that appeared upon reduction of the protein with KBH4 and rapidly disappeared upon exposure to oxygen. This oxygen-labile chromophore is thought to be the ionized -SeH group of the selenocysteine residue.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical surveillance for neurologic endpoints.

Except for screening for noise-induced hearing loss, medical surveillance for neurologic disease in the workplace has not been done on a routine basis in the past. In the future, however, as occupational medicine focuses increasingly on the detection of preclinical effects of exposure and strategies to prevent such exposures, medical surveillance for neurologic disease will become a necessity.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical surveillance and biomonitoring for occupational cancer endpoints.

Medical surveillance for carcinogens refers to the use of medical history, physical examinations, and laboratory examinations to detect medical effects of exposure to cancer-causing agents. Biomonitoring for carcinogens, in contrast, involves testing for changes in DNA or chromosomes, presence of mutagens in body fluids, or presence of markers of exposure in cells. This article evaluates the current medical surveillance and biomonitoring techniques to assess their utility as measures of potential exposure to and effects of carcinogens in the workplace.

Carcinogenicity Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protocol for the comprehensive evaluation of building-associated illness.

A protocol is outlined that represents a multidisciplinary approach to investigations of problem buildings and building-associated illness. The protocol includes methods to obtain background information on a problem and to conduct the initial site visit. The initial visit often leads to a more extensive medical investigation and environmental evaluation, as covered in this paper. The protocol also describes how the results of medical and environmental evaluations might best be analyzed to make ways to correct problems.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health hazards of solvents.

Organic solvents comprise a majority of the chemicals used by the microelectronics industry. Much of the production of semiconductors, in particular, takes place in cleanrooms, where high-efficiency particulate absolute filtration units remove dust. Workers wear protective caps, gowns, masks, and booties to prevent dust contamination of the chips. The appearance of cleanliness obscures the fact that workers are exposed to a multitude of chemical and physical hazards. Recirculated air protects the chips from contamination but also exposes workers to recirculated solvent and other chemical fumes and vapors.

Benzene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational lung cancer.

The author addresses the attribution of lung cancer to cigarette smoking and the problems of confounding synergistic effects of occupational and other carcinogenic risk factors, as well as the divergent trends of declining smoking rates and increasing rates of lung cancer. He also reviews the existing literature to document associations between lung cancer and occupational exposures. Finally, interventions for prevention of occupational lung cancer are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Symptom base rates after chemical exposure for white, Hispanic and African-Americans.

The results of a symptom checklist of three matched-pair studies (N = 460) of the following exposed groups are presented: Study 1, a primarily white community (N = 220) environmentally exposed to the pesticide metam sodium; Study 2, a Hispanic group (N = 180) who worked in a microelectronics plant and had extensive past exposure (M = 6.7 yrs) to multiple organic hydrocarbon solvents; and Study 3, an African-American group (N = 168) environmentally exposed to sulfuric acid. Each exposed group was compared to a matched (race, age +/- 3 years, gender, education +/- 2 years and number of children) unexposed reference group, resulting in 90 pairs for the white metam sodium group, 62 pairs for the Hispanic organic solvent group, and 78 pairs for the African-American sulfuric acid group. Symptom prevalence rates and relative risk ratios show very strong associations: in Study 1, the relative risk for all 33 symptoms ranged from 1.5 to 37; in Study 2, the relative risk for 31 of the symptoms ranged from 1.5 to 11.1; and in Study 3, the relative risk for 16 of the symptoms ranged from 1.5 to 6. Mann Whitney U results of each symptom indicate significantly greater symptomatology in the exposed vs. the reference groups in all three studies: in Study 1, at p < .01 for all 33 symptoms; in Study 2, at p < .01 for 31 symptoms, and p < .05 for one additional symptom; and in Study 3, at p < .01 for 24 symptoms and p < .05 for another three symptoms. These results suggest a robust symptom complex following chemical exposure regardless of specific chemical.

Adult↗