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Biomedical subjects

J E Buster

Publications and source records attributed to J E Buster.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Scanning electron microscopy of the endometrium in functionally agonadal women receiving steroid replacement therapy with polysiloxane vaginal rings and cylinders.

We prepared a group of five agonadal women to receive donated embryos by delivering physiologic concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) through a polysiloxane vaginal ring and cylinder delivery system. In order to detect endometrial surface ultrastructural asynchrony that might reduce prospects for successful embryo transfer, we performed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on biopsies obtained from these five women and compared them against those from four normal, spontaneously ovulating controls. Light microscopy revealed all nine women to be in the late luteal phase (day 26 +/- 2) and with glandular-stromal synchrony. Further concordance was seen with SEM, with no discernible difference in the development of cilia, microcilia or apical secretory protrusions between the two groups. SEM, a technique that permits visual assessment of endometrial surface topography, demonstrated that this regimen of native E2 and P4 restored the surface ultrastructure of the prematurely menopausal human endometrium to correspond to that in the normal menstrual cycle.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1986

Identification of prostate-specific antigen in the vaginal secretions of a male pseudohermaphrodite.

Prostatic glycoprotein was detected in the vaginal fluid of a male pseudohermaphrodite with use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following orchiectomy, prostatic glycoprotein concentrations fell from levels greater than 60 to less than 10.0 ng/ml. The decline in prostatic glycoprotein levels postoperatively implies that prostatic glycoprotein expression is controlled by androgens.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The medical treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate and citrovorum rescue: preliminary experience.

Seven women with unruptured tubal pregnancies diagnosed on laparoscopy were treated with methotrexate and citrovorum rescue. Criteria for inclusion in the study were that the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) be plateaued or rising, that the ectopic pregnancy not exceed 3 X 3 cm, that the tubal serosa be intact, and that there be no active bleeding. The women were followed with serial measurements of hCG, complete blood counts, and liver function tests. All women responded to a single course of therapy. The median time to resolution (from the first day of treatment to when the hCG was undetectable) was 31 days (range, 5 to 50 days). Follow-up hysterosalpingograms were available for five women. Four women demonstrated tubal patency, and one showed a unilateral occlusion on the side of the ectopic. One woman was found to have an intrauterine pregnancy prior to the scheduled time of hysterosalpingogram.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Polysiloxane vaginal rings and cylinders for physiologic endometrial priming in functionally agonadal women.

17 beta-estradiol (E2)-and/or crystalline progesterone (P)-impregnated polysiloxane vaginal rings and cylinders were tested as a system for endometrial priming in functionally agonadal women awaiting donor embryo transfer. Endometrial tissue was obtained by a transcervical biopsy procedure on simulated cycle day 26. The adequacy of the replacement regimen was judged by endometrial histologic dating, scanning electron micrographs, receptor content, and circulating E2 and P serum concentrations. Endometrial dating was consistent with cycle day 26. Electron micrographs showed normal surface characteristics. E2 and P receptor concentrations were within the normal range. Serum E2 levels were midfollicular, 105 +/- 12.8 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM), and midcycle, 254 +/- 28.6 pg/ml. P levels during the simulated follicular phase were undetectable (less than 0.2 ng/ml) but rose to a mean peak level of 17.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml. The steroid-impregnated polysiloxane vaginal ring and cylinder system provided continuous and sustained hormone release, morphologically and endocrinologically normal endometrium, serum levels of E2 and P within the normal range for the entire menstrual cycle, and a convenient and physiologic therapeutic alternative to oral, vaginal, or intramuscular steroid replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Extracorporeal fertilization and embryo transfer in the treatment of infertility.

The study of human fertilization has assumed greater clinical importance as extracorporeal fertilization has been increasingly used to treat infertility. In vitro fertilization has advanced from years of struggle that preceded a single success to some programs that are able to establish pregnancy in a fifth or more of treatment cycles. The simpler procedure of donation of an early conceptus from an artificially inseminated female, now routine in animal husbandry, has only been recently accomplished in humans. With further refinements in methods of in vitro fertilization, virtually all women with an anatomically intact and healthy uterus may be able to establish a successful pregnancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Biologic and morphologic development of donated human ova recovered by nonsurgical uterine lavage.

Using uterine lavage performed 5 days after the luteinizing hormone peak, we collected 25 uterine ova from five fertile donors who had had a single, periovular artificial insemination. After examination, all recovered ova were transferred to recipient uteri and resulted in three intrauterine and one tubal pregnancy. Morphologic development ranged from degenerating single-cell ova to mature blastocysts. Ages of the ova at recovery ranged from 93.5 to 130.0 hours postovulation. Mean age of the five blastocysts, 109.1 hours, was not significantly different from the mean age of the 20 less mature ova, 108.1 hours. Neither the mean interval from insemination to recovery for blastocysts nor the mean interval from insemination to ovulation for blastocysts was significantly different from the mean intervals of the other ova. The five blastocysts resulted in intrauterine pregnancies in three recipients. There were no intrauterine pregnancies from the other 20 transfers (p less than 0.004). A transferred 12-cell ovum with degenerating blastomeres was associated with tubal pregnancy in the recipient. The large variability in the state of intrauterine ova observed in the relatively fixed postovulatory interval of this study appears to be due to differences in viability and maturation, not differences in ovum age. Maturational state of the ova at the time of transfer appears to be a significant determinant of the likelihood of ensuring pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Induction of premature delivery in sheep following infusion of cortisol to the fetus. I. The effect of maternal administration of progestagens.

Premature induction of delivery in fetuses infused with graded doses of cortisol was brought about in 123.5 +/- 7.7 h (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) after the start of cortisol infusion. This treatment caused a rise in fetal plasma cortisol similar to that observed at normal delivery. Maternal and fetal progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations decreased to basal levels during infusion of cortisol to the fetus. Induction of premature delivery was delayed or prevented by concomitant treatment of the ewe with progestagen. Maternal intramuscular injection of 100 mg progesterone, 2 times daily, prevented delivery in four of four ewes treated during the time that cortisol was infused into the fetus (11-13 days). Maternal plasma progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations were maintained during this period, but fetal plasma progesterone concentrations decreased to the same extent as in the fetuses infused with cortisol alone. A single intramuscular injection of 250 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate to ewes on the day before commencement of infusion of cortisol to the fetus prevented delivery in four of six ewes during the time that cortisol was infused for 9, 13, 14, and 15 days, respectively. One ewe delivered a live lamb at 133.5 h and another at 147.7 h after the start of infusion of cortisol to the fetus. Maternal and fetal plasma cortisol, progesterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations were similar to those observed during infusion of cortisol alone to the fetus. Although fetal cortisol concentrations rose in a similar fashion, and to a similar extent, in all three groups during infusion of cortisol to the fetus, fetal 11-desoxycortisol concentrations only rose above basal levels close to the time of delivery in cortisol-infused fetuses or, in the progestagen-treated groups, when the fetus showed signs of being stressed.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗
PubMed1985

Embryo donation by uterine flushing and embryo transfer.

Ovum transfer (OT) is a new treatment for infertile women that has now resulted in the birth of two healthy children to families that were otherwise destined to remain childless. The OT process is simple in concept and technique and should prove to be highly efficient when introduced on a large scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Nonsurgical ovum transfer as a treatment for intractable infertility: what effectiveness can we realistically expect?

Using previously reported human, primate, and cattle reproductive performance data, we developed a mathematical model to predict the cumulative probability of pregnancy per woman per month theoretically obtainable by ovum transfer. We then conducted a preliminary ovum transfer clinical trial and compared the results of that trial to the results predicted by the model. Based on the nine spontaneously ovulating fertile donors and seven spontaneously ovulating infertile recipients available for the trial, the model predicted occurrence of between 0.63 and 8.65 pregnancies during the 6-month period of the study. We actually obtained two pregnancies. The model further predicted, with sufficient numbers of donors to produce one match per ovulation for each prospective patient, that the probability of that patient becoming pregnant from ovum transfer ranges from 0.05 to 0.35 per cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The effects of superovulatory doses of clomiphene citrate on spontaneous luteinizing hormone peaks in regularly ovulating women.

The effects of superovulatory doses of clomiphene citrate (150 mg orally every day for 5 days) on normal spontaneous menstrual cycles were studied in 16 women. Eight-eight percent of treatment cycles had clearly defined, timely luteinizing hormone (LH) peaks indistinguishable from those observed in normal cycles. Eight percent of treatment cycles did not have clearly defined LH peaks but were ovulatory. One cycle (4%) was anovulatory. Treated cycles were 2.1 days longer than previous control cycles (p less than 0.005). The follicular phase was significantly longer than control cycles (p less than 0.025) whereas the luteal phase was not (p greater than 0.05). There was a direct positive correlation between previous menstrual cycle length and follicular phase length in the treated cycle (r = 0.730, 0.01 less than p less than 0.05). The conclusion was that 96% of menstrual cycles of normally ovulating women remained ovulatory when the women were given superovulatory doses of clomiphene and that 88% of the cycles had clearly defined LH peaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Nonsurgical ovum transfer as a treatment in infertile women. Preliminary experience.

This report summarizes our experience with nonsurgical ovum transfer at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. In 29 attempts, 12 ova have been recovered and transferred. Two ongoing intrauterine recipient pregnancies have resulted from this preliminary research. There were two complications: one ectopic pregnancy in a recipient woman and one retained pregnancy in a donor woman who aborted spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The oxytocin secretory response to breast stimulation in women during the menstrual cycle.

Plasma oxytocin concentrations were measured during 12 minutes of mechanical pump stimulation in nine healthy women during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. In the follicular phase (and in five healthy male subjects), plasma oxytocin values did not increase above baseline levels with breast pump stimulation. In contrast, pump stimulation evoked a significant increase in plasma oxytocin levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These observations suggest that oxytocin secretion is modulated by hormones involved in the menstrual cycle in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Oxytocin secretory response to breast stimulation in pregnant women.

Plasma oxytocin levels were measured serially in 10 pregnant women prior to labor and 16 women during labor in response to 12 minutes of Egnell breast pump stimulation. There was no increase in plasma oxytocin concentrations during either the second or third trimesters in 24 of the 26 subjects studied. Five minutes of manual autostimulation of the breast in 10 additional women at term also had no effect on plasma oxytocin levels.

Breast↗
PubMed1983

Pregnancy hormone concentrations in marijuana users.

The maternal serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-specific beta-l-glycoprotein, placental lactogen, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol and estriol were measured in 13 women who smoked marijuana regularly throughout pregnancy. Cannabinoid use in these women was confirmed by RIA measurements of their serum delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations. These THC using women were matched within 2 1/2 weeks of gestational age with 13 pregnant non-THC using controls drawn from the same population. Placental protein and steroid hormone concentrations were within established normal ranges for gestational age and there were no significant differences between the groups in the concentrations of any of the protein and steroids measured. In addition, no significant differences between THC users were found following linear regression analysis of placental hormone concentrations as a function of gestational age. Thus, this study suggests that marijuana use during pregnancy does not significantly alter the circulating maternal concentrations of trophoblastic protein hormones or major fetoplacental steroid hormones.

Cannabis↗
PubMed1983

Algorithmic analysis of estriol time concentration curves as a guide to timing of amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity.

Utilizing a computerized algorithm which estimates gestational age (GA) by analyses of third trimester plasma estriol (E3) concentration curves, we predicted L/S ratios at the time of 64 amniocentesis indicated for assessment of fetal maturity. In the identification of immature fetuses, both methodologies concur in 95% of cases if an L/S ratio of less than or equal to 2.3 and projected GA of less than or equal to 36 weeks are accepted as cut-off points. In the identification of mature fetuses there is agreement in only 54% of cases if an L/S ratio of greater than or equal to 2.3 and projected GA of greater than or equal to 37 weeks are accepted as cut-off points. The data show that the E3 algorithm is of value in the postponing of premature and therefore unnecessary amniocenteses for fetal maturity. However the poor correlation between the E3 algorithm, a method previously shown to be accurate in GA prediction, and mature L/S ratios demonstrates the need to utilize more accurate indicators of mature amniotic fluid surfactant activity in future investigations.

Amniocentesis↗