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Biomedical subjects

J E Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to J E Bennett.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Taxonomic studies on Filobasidiella species and their anamorphs.

The taxonomy of Filobasidiella neoformans Kwon-Chung and F. bacillispora Kwon-Chung and their anamorphs were reinvestigated. Although the cross between the type culture of the two species failed to produce viable basidiospores, another pair of isolates did yield viable basidiospores. The segregation of phenotypic markers among the tetrads isolated from this inter specific cross proved that meiosis had occurred. On the basis of other previously known differences and the present genetic study, the two species are now considered to be two varieties of the species, F. neoformans. The anamorph of F. neoformans var. neoformans grew well at 37 degrees C in vitro and produced fatal infection in mice while that of F. neoformans var. bacillispora grew poorly at 37 degree C and failed to produce fatal infection in mice. Cryptococcus bacillisporus Kwon-Chung et Bennett is regarded as a synonym of C. neoformans var. gattii Vanbreuseghem et Takashio.

Crosses, Genetic↗
PubMed1982

Surgical options in the repair of lower-extremity soft-tissue wounds.

Until very recently complex soft-tissue defects of the leg and foot were closed with local tissue, cross-leg flaps, or staged distant flaps. Free vascularized tissue transfer and muscle and musculocutaneous flaps have expanded the surgical options substantially. During the past 5 years, we have been involved in the closure of 60 complex lower-extremity wounds. Methods of repair included local skin flaps, standard cross-leg flaps, free flaps, and muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. Every wound and patient should be considered individually. The ankle region and the sole of the foot remain the most difficult areas to resurface. Based on our experience we list preferred methods of soft-tissue repair for various lower-extremity subregions. Type of operation may also be influenced by patient age and sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine and prevalence of serotype in 402 Candida albicans isolates from the United States.

Candida albicans isolates from 402 patients with no prior history of treatment with 5-fluorocytosine were collected at five medical centers from different areas of the United States. Isolates could be separated into four groups based on their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to 5-fluorocytosine. Group I isolates (60%) had MICs less than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml after 7 days, whereas groups II (22%), III (14%), and IV (4%) demonstrated MICs greater than 12.5 micrograms/ml on days 7, 2, and 1, respectively. Serotypes A and B accounted for 50.7 and 49.3%, respectively, of the 398 isolates typed. Serotype B was less prevalent in group I (26%), but predominated in the more resistant groups, groups II (85%), III (86%), and IV (53%). The common practice of identifying as "resistant" those isolates with MICs greater than 12.5 micrograms/ml after 48 h of incubation would yield a resistance rate in the United States of 11.5 to 15.5% in four centers and 35% in the fifth. Although serotype B and small agar disk diffusion zone sizes correlated with poor 5-fluorocytosine susceptibility, their ability to predict tube dilution MICs was limited. The true predictive value of such tests awaits correlation with in vivo studies.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1982

Improved diagnostic medium for separation of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotypes A and D) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C).

A simple new agar medium containing L-canavanine, glycine, and bromthymol blue was found to give a clearer and more accurate distinction between serotype A or D (Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans) and serotype B or C (C. neoformans var. gattii) than creatinine-dextrose-bromthymol blue or glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red media. Among 143 isolates of serotype A or D and 70 isolates of serotype B or C, the new medium correlated completely with the serotype, whereas nearly 11% of these isolates gave discrepant reactions with creatinine-dextrose-bromthymol blue and glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red media.

Cryptococcus↗
PubMed1982

Long-lasting, specific immunologic unresponsiveness associated with cryptococcal meningitis.

A sensitive radioimmunoassay and an antibody class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine whether patients cured of cryptococcosis responded normally to immunization with cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. 10 normal volunteers and 8 patients who had been cured of cryptococcal meningitis and who had been cured of cryptococcal meningitis and who had no serious underlying diseases were immunized with both antigens. Geometric mean titers to CPS measured by radioimmunoassay were 1:1 in both groups before vaccination, but were 1:3 in patients and 1:119 in controls following immunization (P less than 0.01, Student's t test). Analysis of the class-specific response to immunization with CPS found little anti-CPS IgG or IgA. Geometric mean postvaccination IgM titers were 1:31 in patients and 1:238 in controls (P less than 0.01). Responses to immunization with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide were similar in patients and controls, with IgA, IgM, and IgG mean titers of 1:1129, 1:369, and 1:158 in patients and 1:1504, 1:1039, and 1:163 in controls (P greater than 0.2 for each antibody class). Cured cryptococcal meningitis is often associated with prolonged specific immunologic unresponsiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Melanoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Hair implant complications.

Four men who underwent hair implantation for pattern baldness were treated for complications such as infection, foreign-body reaction, pruritus, and scarring. The complications were similar to those reported with synthetic modacrylic fiber implants that have been used for the same purpose. Although we believe this is the first article to report complications from hair implants, the illogical basis of the procedure suggests that complications will occur in many unsuspecting patients who undergo hair implantation.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Cryptococcal skin test antigen: preparation variables and characterization.

Antigen capable of eliciting delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of sensitized guinea pigs could be extracted from Cryptococcus neoformans cells by stirring the cells from 3 to 5 days in concentrated urea or guanidine. Hydrolysis of urea to ammonia by cryptococcal urease accompanied urea extraction, but alkalinity appeared neither necessary nor sufficient for extraction. Antigen from live cells gave larger delayed skin reactions than did antigen from Formalin-killed cells. Peak skin test reactivity appeared to reside in protein-rich fraction having an elution volume on Sephadex G50 corresponding to a molecular weight of 10(4). Activity precipitated with half-saturated ammonium sulfate and could be detected in a single, narrow, rapidly migrating band on disc electrophoresis. Dialyzable proteinaceous antigen and high-molecular-weight, serologically active polysaccharide were present in the antigen, but not active in the delayed hypersensitivity reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

New, special stain for histopathological diagnosis of cryptococcosis.

The Masson-Fontana silver stain for melanin was employed for the differentiation of pathogenic fungal species in human or mouse tissues. The fungi studied were Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata (Torulopsis glabrata), Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus bacillisporus, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Rhizopus rhizopodiformis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The tissue sections stained with Masson-Fontana silver stain showed a dark brown to black color in the wall of cryptococci, whereas the walls of remaining fungal species were hyaline, except for those of S. schenckii. The yeastlike cells of S. schenckii showed faint brown pigment on the wall. Cultures of these fungi showed staining characteristics identical to those of the in vivo results. Cultures of four nonpathogenic Cryptococcus species, Cryptococcus uniguttulatus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus terreus, and Cryptococcus luteolus, were also tested for staining by the Masson-Fontana procedure. Of these, only C. laurentii stained positively, and the pigment on the cell wall was as intense as that of the cells of C. neoformans. These results indicate that the Masson-Fontana silver stain can be used as a specific stain in the histological diagnosis of cryptococcosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Reconstruction of lateral nasal defects.

In planning reconstruction of a lateral nasal soft tissue defect, the surgeon should be aware of alternative methods and select the one most appropriate for the patient. Variables to be considered include the extent, depth, and location of the defect, the age, sex, and tissue laxity of the patient, and the availability of donor tissue. Surface defects are often best corrected with full-thickness skin grafts: upper eyelid, preauricular, postauricular, or supraclavicular, depending on which portion of the nose is being treated. Anterior superior helix composite grafts serve quite nicely to restore full-thickness alar losses, and other such defects are better reconstructed with a nasolabial flap. The midline forehead flap is quite useful but in certain situations has drawbacks. For larger skin and soft tissue defects, a transverse forehead flap based on the superficial temporal vessel provides appropriate reconstruction.

Ear Cartilage↗