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Biomedical subjects

J Dwyer

Publications and source records attributed to J Dwyer.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Wegener's granulomatosis with otological and nervous system involvement.

Wegener's granulomatosis usually presents to the otolaryngologist with nasal manifestations. Complications including otologic and central nervous system symptoms occur in 20-40 per cent of cases. Two such cases presented to our clinic with nasal manifestations initially, one subsequently developing otologic sequelae and one progressive sensory motor neuropathy. These patients were followed to determine the reversibility of the otologic and sensory motor neuropathy while on therapy. The otologic changes remain and this patient was required to use a hearing aid. The sensory motor neuropathy improved rapidly so that the other patient's ability to walk soon became normal but sensory deprivation continues below the ankle bilaterally. The literature concurs with findings that involvement of the central nervous system and special sense organs such as the cochlea have limited reversibility once they occur, and early detection, therapy, and prevention of such complications are most important.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diets for children and adolescents that meet the dietary goals.

The parents of many elementary and secondary schoolchildren ask pediatricians for advice on how to feed diets that are in line with the US Dietary Goals or the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This article outlines an approach for planning diets that fit these recommendations while also assuring that intakes approximate the recommended dietary allowances and the estimated safe and adequate intakes of nutrients provided by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on human fecal bacterial enzymes.

The effect of diet and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements on fecal microflora enzyme activity was studied in humans. The bacterial enzymes that were investigated are known to catalyze reactions that may result in formation of proximal carcinogens. Compared to vegetarians, omnivores eating a "Western-type" diet had higher levels of beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, azoreductase, and steroid 7-alpha-dehydroxylase in their fecal microflora. Removal of red meat or addition of fiber in the form of bran or wheat germ to the diet of omnivores for 30 days had no effect on beta-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, or azoreductase activity. However, removal of red meat or addition of fiber reduced fecal steroid 7-alpha-dehydroxylase activity. The addition of viable Lactobacillus acidophilus supplements to the diet of omnivores significantly decreased fecal bacterial beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities. Thirty days after Lactobacillus supplements were curtailed, fecal enzyme levels returned to normal base-line activities. These findings suggested that the metabolic activity of the fecal microflora was influenced by diet and could be altered by Lactobacillus supplements and to a lesser extent by dietary fiber.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Vegetarianism.

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Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1979

Vegetarianism.

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Adult↗
PubMed1978

Influence of diet and age on fecal bacterial enzymes.

The bacterial enzymes beta-glucuronidase, azoreductase, and nitroreductase, all implicated in the etiology of colon cancer, were measured in the fecal microflora of rats and humans. The effect of a high-beef diet and advanced age on the activities of these microbial enzymes were determined in the rat. Rats shifted from a grain to a meat diet showed a 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in activity of all three fecal enzymes. Animals over 20 months of age, consuming a meat diet, showed a further increase in fecal beta-glucuronidase activity, while the levels of all three microbial enzymes increased in old rats fed a grain diet. Fecal microbial enzyme activities were also measured in humans eating a diet supplemented with bran or wheat germ. Humans receiving fiber supplements consisting of 30 g of bran or wheat germ added to their customary diets did not show significant changes in fecal enzyme activity.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Halothane hepatitis: benign resolution of a severe lesion.

Three patients with halothane hepatitis were studied during the acute phase of their illness and for 10 to 14 months thereafter. Clinical, biochemical, and histologic data were obtained initially and during the course of follow-up. Despite initially severe clinical and biochemical presentations, with extensive bridging hepatic necrosis on liver biopsy, all three patients resolved completely and had minimally abnormal liver biopsy appearances at last follow-up. The results of this study suggest that hepatic necrosis associated with halothane hypersensitivity is self-limited and that despite the initial severity of the hepatic lesion, postnecrotic cirrhosis does not develop. Based on these three patients' courses, survival of the acute bout of halothane hepatitis is apparently accompanied by an excellent prognosis ultimately, provided that reexposure to halothane is avoided.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Hana kai ii: a 17-day dry saturation dive at 18.6 ATA. II. Energy balance.

Since previous saturation dives have caused loss of body weight despite apparently adequate-to-high food intake, a complete study of energy balance was undertaken during the saturation dive Hana Kai II. Over a 30-day period in the hyperbaric chamber (3 days of predive control, 1 day of compression, 16 days at 18.6 ATA, 7 days of decompression, and 3 days of postdive control), all food, urine, and feces for five men were analyzed by bomb calorimetry; 24-h energy expenditure (M) was measured from continuous VO2, VCO2, and urine N. Body weight was taken daily; body composition was assessed from density, total body water, and skinfold thickness. Food intake was high throughout the 30 days (about 3500 kcal/day) while fecal and urinary losses were a normal 6-8% of intake. Energy expenditure was increased a little by the hyperbaric condition, but averaged only 2431 kcal/day for the 30 days and yet there was an average loss of adipose tissue of 0.8 kg for each man for the entire period. Nitrogen balance was positive. There was no evidence of heat gain or loss. The energy balance, total fuel compared with energy expenditure, required an additional 919 kcal/man-day for 30 days, an unidentified term which is not measured by conventional techniques.

Adult↗