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Biomedical subjects

J Dunovský

Publications and source records attributed to J Dunovský.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Protective care of children in the Czech Republic and the Convention on Children's Rights].

Protective Care of Children is one of the oldest activities aimed at the defence and maintenance of life. It represents a set of actions, activities, and interventions directed to every child, attempting to provide sufficient defence against unfavourable effects on its existence and development. It includes also the knowledge how to prevent them. At the same time attention of workers engaged in the children care is aimed at problems and their solution of developing impairments, disabilities and abnormalities of individual children and the whole child population. It requires an ability to recognize and eliminate endogenous, exogenous or combined adverse effects causing impairments of the children's life. It means treatment and rehabilitation to recover the positive state. The most important role in all such affords have parents and the family. To estimate the level and characteristics of children preventive care in CR, the first (1997) and second (2003) report on evaluation of the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child was used. The first evaluation concerned mainly the general problems of children; the second evaluation was focused on individual groups of children in special circumstances. As most important, the Committee found excellent level of health and educational care (though in the second evaluation it found some imperfections in education), the foundation of telephone Childline line for consultation of children in stress and preparation of several laws concerning the family and children. In both evaluations the Committee repeatedly reproached imperfections in the implementation of the most important principles of Covention--the best interest in children, no discrimination, respects to the children's opinion, the right of parents to have children and vice versa, problem of institutionalization. Next problems reproached concerned the not having founded the Coordination organ for the complex protection of child, not having formulated the National plan of care for the family and child, not having solved problem of monitoring, research and education in that field. Though the reproaches of the Committee on the Rights of the Child to our protection of child are not insignificant, the overall view of the Committee and the discussion to the First and Second evaluation are possible to interpret as satisfactory. At the same time, they invite to it next improving, namely considering the basic reproaches and recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.

Child↗
PubMed1995

[The battered, abused and neglected child and the Crisis Center for Children].

The syndrome of the battered, abused and neglected child is becoming manifest also in our country with increasing frequency and severity, not only because much more attention is paid to it than ever before. Our system of child care and protection is, however, by far not yet ready to resolve this serious problem in the life of children, families and society as a whole and therefore ways and means must be sought how to face it, how to recognize it, treat it and in particular how to prevent it. One of the important means how to tackle this dangerous social phenomenon is a specialized department concerned in a comprehensive way on an interdisciplinary basis, with skilled and effective clinical work with every single abused child and its family in close association with all disciplines and institutions interested in the problem as well as by conceptual work, research, training and expert opinions etc. The crisis centre for children in Prague 4-Michle wants to serve with its experience and findings as a model workplace for building special institutions within the framework of a rational, interdisciplinary network of child care and protection in this country. The results of its two-year work and the great interest in it on the part of many localities and regions justify its efforts.

Child↗
PubMed1995

[2 years' activity of the Crisis Center for Children in the care of battered, abused and neglected children].

The crisis centre for children in Prague 4-Michle was established as the first workplace to resolve problems of battered, abused and neglected children. Its main task is clinical work with thus suffering children, based above all on a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach in diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation and also prevention of this adverse phenomenon in the population. In the course of two years 502 cases were dealt with (on average with 3-4 clients) during 2814 consultations. Most frequently physical and mental abuse was encountered (40%), gross neglect in 17.5% and sexual abuse (in 10%-with a marked relative increase between the first and second year of the activities of the centre). Other problems of child suffering for various reasons (psychiatric or other diseases of the parents, handicapped child, child running away from family etc.) in 32.5%. In addition to clinical work the centre tries to generalize its findings, train workers interested in the above problems, participate in the concept of care of battered children and its implementation in this country.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Detection and reduction of mental and motor disorders in childhood. 2. Fundamentals and risks in longitudinal research in pediatrics].

The study characterizes basic types of longitudinal research designs for the long-term follow-up of children in health and disease. First the authors mention briefly the principles and disadvantages of cross-sectional research designs. Then they present a detailed account of methods of longitudinal research projects, evaluation of their advantages and their risks. Roughly fifty-year experience with longitudinal designs indicates that this pretentious research strategy can provide an overall view of developmental trends as regards changes of the health status of children in the ontogenetic perspective and contribute to improvement of health care of the child population.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Detection and prevention of mental and motor disorders in childhood. 4. The group of children which were studied].

The authors submit basic data on a group of cca 11,000 children included in a research project Detection and reduction of sensory and motor disorders in childhood. The children were examined at time intervals fixed in advance (when care was initiated, during the 4th, 8th, 12th and 36th month of age). The reduction of the number of children in the course of three years, commonly encountered, is smaller than in the majority of longitudinal studies. The ratio of boys and girls corresponds to the ratio in the population and the distribution of data in the investigated regions is constant. In subsequent investigations the authors will submit eventually data from prenatal and postnatal investigations.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1992

[Prevention and reduction of psychological and motor defects in childhood. II. Advantages and risks of longitudinal studies in pediatrics].

The presented investigation characterized the general types of longitudinal projects focused on the long-term follow-up of children in health and disease. First the authors outline briefly the principles and disadvantages of cross-sectional projects. Then follows an account on the methodology of longitudinal projects, evaluation of their advantages and their multiple risks. Approximately 50 years of experience with longitudinal projects indicate that this pretentious research strategy can provide an overall view of developmental trends as regards changes of the health status in the ontogenetic perspective and contribute to the improvement of health care of the child population.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[The child at risk in modern society].

The endangered status and development of children is an extremely important social problem which deserves maximal attention of all participating disciplines and the broad public, in particular parents. The threat or risk of the child involves a substantial taxonomic variety, therefore the author tries to define the entire area by terms such as risk factor, individual at risk, group at risk and risk situation, to assess their content and extent and their mutual relations. This is important not only for the understanding among the involved specialists but also for a more profound understanding of the entire problem and its solution. Attention was paid to the problem how and why the risk plays or does not play a part in relation to the child and how and why this possibility changes or does not change into reality. The author draws attention to the wider significance of risk in human life, not only in the negative sense. From the aspect of specific features of child life in different stages of their development attention is drawn to how children perceive risk, how they cope or do not cope with it and what are the tasks of society and its workers and members in the diagnosis, prevention of risks threatening the status and development of children.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Prevention and reduction of sensory and motor disorders in childhood. Formulation of the problem].

At present the Scientific and Research Laboratory of Preventive and Social Medicine is concerned with an extensive longitudinal research "Detection and reduction of sensory and motor disorders". Specialists from various paediatrics disciplines and some 200 health community paediatricians from six districts on the CR and SSR participate in the research. The research comprises children born in these districts in one calendar year. In part 1 the authors give an account of the basis formulation of the research problem and its incorporation within a wider framework. The aim of the research is to reduce the incidence and prevalence of sensory and motor disorders or to test techniques of the early detection of symptoms which signalize the risks of various affections, and to create prerequisites for further improvement of the programme of preventive care of the child population.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Social responsibilities in pediatrics and their realization in Czechoslovakia. 1. Social pediatric responsibilities of an ambulatory care pediatrician in general practice].

A survey is given on social-paediatric tasks of ambulantly practising children's specialists--who are acting as family doctors--in Czecho-Slovakia. Among other things they are obliged to inform and to advise the parents in respect to their healthy and to their ill children, to observe and to secure a healthy development of all children within the reach of their responsibility as well as to cooperate with all the sociable institutions in case of special problems concerning children. A special centre of gravity for those tasks means to be the care for chronically ill and handicapped children as well as to act as experts in all problems and legal proceedings.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Social responsibilities in pediatrics and their realization in Czechoslovakia. 2. Social responsibilities of practice at ambulatory and inpatient pediatric departments].

A survey is given on the structure and the function of the ambulant and stationary paediatric care in Czecho-Slovakia. The treatment is effected according to the system of territorial reaches as well as to a graduated care according to three stages of care. The co-operation between the ambulant and the stationary reach is characterized by manifold implications concerning other various medical specialists too. On all the levels the parents of the children are fully integrated.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[The status and perspectives of general pediatrics in Czechoslovakia].

Health community paediatric care in Czechoslovakia has the character of comprehensive health care ensured completely by the paediatrician who is to an increasing extent acting as the family paediatrician. He cooperates closely with other health workers concerned with child care in other areas and disciplines of nation-wide child care. His work is closely linked with other facilities and institutions of health care, in particular all types of hospitals with policlinics. In the article the main tasks and perspectives of paediatric care in the health community are given; close cooperation of the paediatrician with the child's family and the child is essential. Preventive care is closely linked with curative care, the latter must in future be mainly in the home rather than in hospital. The school health service integrated into the health community system, while respecting health and hygienic needs of all classes and the school, in relation to the teaching process, is given new tasks. The author discusses problems of postgraduate training, methodical guidance and evaluation of the effectiveness of work of the paediatrician in the first line of contact.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[The pediatrician and the family].

A survey is given on the socially useful signficance of the family and the decisive role, the paediatrician is playing as a family doctor. The deails of the tasks a paeditrist has to accomplish in and for a family in socialism are extensively described.

Adolescent↗