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J Drábek

Publications and source records attributed to J Drábek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Acute hemorrhage of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract--survey of emergency endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract at our facility].

INTRODUCTION: Acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality and is a reason for urgent endoscopy. Besides an age and associated diseases, prognosis of patients influence also localisation and type of bleeding. The aim of our retrospective analysis was to discover causes of bleeding into upper GI tract and its characteristics over a 4 year period. METHODOLOGY: A survey of urgent upper GI tract endoscopies in the Clinic of Internal Medicine in Motol in Prague because of an acute GI tract bleeding (hematemesis or melena) was done. Found ulcers were assessed using Forrest classification. Moreover, number and causes of recurrences of bleeding were also assessed. RESULTS: Within years 1998-2001 an urgent upper GI endoscopy because of bleeding (hematemesis or melena) was done in the Clinic of Internal Medicine in Prague in Motol in 1639 patients of an average age 62.2. 56% were men (average age 59) and 44% were women (average age 65.3). An endoscopy finding without pathology was present in 21.4%. The most frequent sources of bleeding were ulcers in duodenal bulb (20%), stomach ulcers (18.2%), and hemorrhagic gastropathy (16.5%) and varices (10.3%). Results of the Forrest classification in the ulcerative disease of stomach and duodenum were as follows: Forrest Ia 9.5%, Ib 24%, IIa 14.6%, IIb 18.7%, IIc 22.9%, III 10.3%. Recurrent bleeding was identified in 8.4% of patients, thereof bleeding from esophageal varices experienced 2.9% of patients (average age 45.8), bleeding from ulcers in bulbus 2.7% (Forrest Ib, IIa a IIb) of patients of an average age 62.6, and bleeding from ulcers in stomach 2.1% (Forrest Ia, IIa a Ib) of patients of an average age 62.5. Causes of recurrent bleeding were in one case bleeding from Barrett's oesophageal ulcer and in one case bleeding from ulcer in diaphragmatic hernia. Within 48 hours recurrent bleeding appeared in 65% of patients. CONCLUSION: Urgent endoscopy in gastrointestinal tract bleeding is an essential part of a complex medical care. It is highly reliable in identifying cause of bleeding, it enables to start treatment immediately and to consider prognosis of a patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Methods of expressing the strength of expert proof of paternity determination].

Non-exclusion from paternity of alleged man can be quantified by pre-test and post-test parameters. Author advocates the view that expression of the power of forensic expert evidence by likelihood ratio, which compares probability of data under two hypotheses, is the best approach from both the point of forensic mathematics and judiciary practice. Advantage of likelihood ratio is described and demonstrated on microsatellite typing examples.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed2002

[Bouveret's syndrome: biliary ileus manifested by acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and impaired gastric emptying].

The authors present a very rare case of impaired gastric evacuation, known as Bouveret's syndrome, caused by a large biliary concrement wedged in the duodenum as a result of the development of a cholecystoduodenal fistula in a 77-year-old man. The condition was manifested clinically by developed high ileus and subsequent haemorrhage into the upper GIT. The diagnosis was established on the background of the clinical picture, passage through the upper GIT and endoscopy. As the attempt to remove the concrement endoscopically failed, laparotomy had to be used. In the conclusion of this case-record the authors discuss the method of assessment of the correct diagnosis endoscopically and possibilities of therapeutic strategy.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Emergency ERCP].

Although the effectivity of an urgent ERCP was confirmed, some aspects relating to this method are still discussed. Timing of this procedure has not been established yet. Whereas there is no doubt about indication with decompression of the common bile duct in acute cholangitis, views on the effectiveness of examination incl. papillotomy in case of acute pancreatitis are not uniform. The authors demonstrate a group of 538 patients who had urgent ERCP within the last three years with a successful cannulation rate of 93%. The experience of large centres is confirmed as the great efficiency and effectivity of this procedure when the standard conditions and processes are respected.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Occurrence of celiac disease in siblings and offspring of patients with celiac disease].

BACKGROUND: Incidence of the coeliac disease in our population is 0.3 to 0.5%, however, in direct relatives of patients with coeliac disease incidence rises up to 5-15%. Though the disease in not always clinically manifested, it can be identified by serologic screening. METHODS AND RESULTS: 96 patients treated for active coeliac disease and their 130 siblings were examined. In four of 130 siblings the disease clinically manifested and was confirmed with finding of enteropathy of jejunal mucosa. In 14 out of 126 asymptomatic siblings endomysial antibodies were identified and in 11 of them enteropathy was diagnosed. Coeliac disease was diagnosed in 15 (11.5%) persons from 130 siblings. Also 74 offsprings of 43 parent patients were examined. In four of them the coeliac disease manifested clinically and was later confirmed with finding of enteropathy. Antiglidin antibodies were tested in 45 asymptomatic offsprings with 6 positive results. Endomysial antibodies were tested in 25 asymptomatic offsprings with one positive result. Villous atrophy of jejunal mucosa was found in four asymptomatic offsprings. Coeliac disease was diagnosed in 8 (11.5%) persons from 74 offsprings. CONCLUSIONS: Coeliac disease represent a major risk for the patient's direct relatives. Goal-directed examination and the early diagnosis of the disease in childhood may help to prevent impairments in the development of the child and possible complications later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A commented dictionary of techniques for genotyping.

Several tools, differing in their technical and practical parameters, are available for the detection of point mutations as well as small deletions and insertions. In this article, a dictionary featuring over fifty methods for detection of mutation is presented. The distinguishing principle for each method is briefly explained. Sorting of and discussion on the methods give the reader a brief introduction to the field of genotyping.

Genotype↗
PubMed2001

Non-expression of HLA-B*5111N is caused by an insertion into the cytosine island at exon 4 creating a frameshift stop codon.

The identification of the "blank" allele HLA-B*5111N, which was detected in German and Czech individuals, is described. In the pedigree analysis this new allele segregates with the serological haplotype HLA-A2; B-; DR4 which is frequent in Czech population. The non-expression of B*5111N is caused by the insertion of an additional cytosine molecule at the cytosine island between the nucleotides 621-626 (codons 183-185, first three codons of exon 4) leading to a frame shift that creates a stop codon at codon 196. This insertion may be explained either by conversion with the pseudogene HLA-J or by slipped-strand mispairing. In order not to overlook the presence of alleles with altered expression in case of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, both serological and DNA-based typing should be performed (Note).

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

CC chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms in Czech patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Genes for the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2 are characterized by polymorphisms resulting in a nonfunctional receptor expression. Ligands for CCR2 and CCR5 (chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1] and RANTES) are implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We have, therefore, analyzed polymorphisms of CCR5 (32-bp deletion in CCR5 gene [Delta32]) and of CCR2 (replacement of valine by isoleucine in CCR2 gene [64I]) in 66 Czech patients with sarcoidosis in comparison with a representative sample of Czech normal population. The frequencies of CCR5Delta32 and CCR2-64I polymorphisms in patients with sarcoidosis were different from that in control subjects. CCR5Delta32 allelic frequency was significantly increased in patients. By contrast, the CCR2-64I allele was more frequent in control subjects; however, the difference did not attain significance. Interestingly, the CCR5Delta32 allele was associated with clinically more apparent disease: it was present in 39.1% of patients requiring corticosteroids but only in 16.7% patients who did not need therapeutic intervention (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9). When patients requiring corticosteroids were compared with control subjects, the differences in the CCR5Delta32 frequencies were enhanced (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the observed association of CCR5Delta32 and CCR2-64I with sarcoidosis implicates a role for these polymorphisms in disease susceptibility and protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Characterization of a novel HLA-A*24 allele containing an HLA-A*03 sequence motif.

HLA-A*2418 is described for the first time. It segregates in a Mendelian fashion. Serological analyses indicate that the new allele encodes epitopes from both HLA-A9 and -A3 specificities. Results from nucleotide sequencing analyses of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products derived from genomic and cDNA are compatible with those findings.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

The endoscopic treatment of benign esophageal strictures by balloon dilatation.

Benign strictures of the esophagus are serious illnesses that have a great adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. There are several methods of treatment. In this study the endoscopical balloon dilatation technique was used. All dilatations were performed under analgosedation, and plastic balloons (6-25 mm) were used. Ninety dilatations were performed between 1995 and 1997. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed as having benign stenosis of the esophagus. We evaluated the effectiveness and the complication rate of the method. All patients except two showed immediate improvement: 59% were cured; 18% had at least one recurrence of the stenosis; 9% had improvement but treatment continues; 14% required other treatment. We encountered two cases with major complications, i.e. perforation. Balloon dilatation seems to be an effective and safe method for treatment of the benign esophageal strictures and is well tolerated by patients. Endoscopic control is sufficient, and radiographic control is not required. Randomized prospective studies are needed to establish the role of this method in comparison with other treatments.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1999

Diversity among wild type and vaccination strains of Trichophyton verrucosum investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.

We initially tested 20 primers for their ability to amplify genomic DNA of Trichophyton verrucosum using RAPD. Six of these were selected for further study aimed at discrimination of wild type and vaccination strains of T. verrucosum. The results indicate that RAPD successfully distinguished all strains included in the study. In addition, results of corrected cluster analysis were consistent with the fact that the avirulent vaccination strains (T. verrucosum TV-M9 and T. verrucosum TV-M-130) were prepared by ultraviolet (UV) light induced mutagenesis of the standard wild type strain T. verrucosum Strádznice. No marker for a/virulence was detected. These outcomes suggest new possibilities for epidemiological analyses, for discrimination among different vaccination strains and studies of fungal population in vaccinated/infected hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[A new method of administering analgesic sedation before gastroscopy--a comparative study of 100 patients].

The authors administered to two groups (56 and 44) patients before gastroscopy analgosedation-5 mg diazepam and local anaesthesia of the throat. To the first group diazepam was administered by the i.v., to the second group by the sublingual route. The objective was to find out whether analgosedation is desirable from the patients aspect and whether the sublingual form of premedication is accepted by the patients. The authors found that 90% of the patients wish to have analgosedation and anaesthesia before the procedure. The sublingual form of administration was accepted by 89% of the patients.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1998

Class I typing by PCR-SSP in Olomouc.

In this article, methodical experience and population data are given for application of PCR-SSP/ARMS method (Phototyping) to HLA class I typing in Olomouc. Phototyping is reliable method suitable for typing of small to medium number of samples. Method is fast enough for use in on-call service, resolution is better than the level of good serology, and price of method is comparable with serology. Our experience and tips are described below. Population data of healthy unrelated individuals for HLA-A, -B, -Cw are given in the tables.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1993

[The effect of omeprazole on healing of duodenal ulcers, Helicobacter pylori and gastritis].

Losec (omeprazole) Astra Co. is a blocker of the proton pump of the parietal cell. It inhibits basal and stimulated HCl secretion. It is used for treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers, reflux oesophagitis and Zollinger Ellison's syndrome. In a group of 17 patients with duodenal ulcers the authors investigated the effect of omeprazole on (1) healing of duodenal ulcers and bulbitis after 2-4 weeks of therapy, (2) elimination of Helicobacter pylori in the antrum, (3) chronic antral gastritis. Ad 1. After two weeks of treatment the authors found that 5 of 17 chronic duodenal ulcers were healed in the remainder substantial regression was found. Four-week treatment led to healing of 16 from a total of 17 ulcers (P < 0.001), i. e. 94%. In subjects with ulcers and bulbitis (12 patients) the ulcer healed in 11 instances, in 7 patients residual bulbitis persisted. Ad 2. H. pylori was detected before treatment in 16 of 17 patients, after treatment only in 5 (P < 0.001). Ad 3. Chronic gastritis was recorded before treatment in all patients. Treatment reduced its activity and the presence of H. pylori.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of aflatoxins on growth in pigs and the biological value of the meat].

Twelve pigs were subjected to model trials to study the effect of an aflatoxin-contaminated pig-fattening diet, administered for 26 days. Aflatoxin B1 constituted 55% of the aflatoxins tested. The aflatoxin concentrations used in the trials were 30 and 300 micrograms per 1 kg of feed. No clinical effect of aflatoxin was observed in the pigs. Aflatoxins were found to have adverse effects on proteosynthesis. A decrease in the weight gains of the pigs was accompanied by a decrease in the total plasma protein and, in the group with the higher aflatoxin dose (300 micrograms per 1 kg of feed), also by an increase in the total bilirubin concentration in the blood serum. Perilobular steatosis, dissociation of the liver trabeculae, and more pronounced activation of the reticuloendothelial system were demonstrated by the histological examination of liver tissue. An increase in the content of hydroxyproline was recorded in the muscle of the experimental pigs. It is documented by the results that the aflatoxin dose of 30 micrograms per 1 kg of feed (the recommended maximum admissible concentration for the Czech Socialist Republic) is high enough to reduce the performance of pigs and the biological value of their meat.

Aflatoxin B1↗
PubMed1982

[The effect of long term administration of aflatoxins on the health status of male rats and pigs with respect to morphological changes in the testes].

Long-continued administration of differentiated doses of aflatoxins was studied as to its effect on the over-all health conditions of male rats and pigs. Crude extract of the toxicogenic strain of Aspergillus flavus and was used for the experiments. The amount of aflatoxins is related to the actual content of aflatoxin B1, determined fluorometrically. Feed containing 1.0 mg aflatoxin per kg was administered in feeding trials with rats. Differentiated concentrations (20.0, 4.0, 2.0 and 0.2 mg aflatoxin B1 per day for 211 days) in feed were used in adult boars. After a longer time of administration, rats showed worse health condition and morphological changes corresponding to chronic aflatoxicosis. Serious changes were found during the histological examination of testes, including regressive changes of different intensity in the germinal epithelium of tubules, in some cases resulting in severe dystrophic alterations leading up to complete devastation of the spermiogenic epithelium. Interstitial tissue was considerably oedematous. Clinical manifestation of aflatoxicosis was observed in the boars given 20.0 mg aflatoxin B1 daily. When lower doses of aflatoxin were administered, no clinical manifestation of intoxication was recorded. In all cases, though no clinical disease occurred, feed conversion was impaired and weight gains decreased, depending directly on aflatoxin doses. The health condition was evaluated objectively by haematological examination and by the determination of clinico-biochemical values in blood plasma. The pathoanatomic changes indicated chronical aflatoxicosis. Histological changes in the testes of boars given 4.0 and 20.0 mg aflatoxin B1 daily in feed occurred within 63 to 190 days. The testes showed different degrees of dystrophy leading to the destruction and atrophy of spermiogenic epithelium and to oedema in the tissue. The extent of the histological changes testifies to a significant damage caused to the spermiogenic epithelium of seminiferous tubules after long-continued administration of high doses of aflatoxins.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1979

[The occurrence of aflatoxins in some components and complete feed mixtures for pigs].

The feed components and complete feed mixtures used in pig breeding and fattening in June 1978 were examined qualitatively by the silica-gel thin-layer chromatographic method, and quantitatively by the method after Velasco. The object of the examination was the occurrence of aflatoxins. On the whole, 104 feed samples were taken and subjected to the laboratory examination; this total number included 77 samples (74.0%) coming from 24 farms and 27 samples (26.0%) from eight feed plants in the South Moravian region. The presence of aflatoxins was detected in 14 samples of the examined feeds, i. e. 13.4%. The highest content -- 1920 micrograms kg-1 -- was found in groundnut from India. As to the complete feed mixtures, aflatoxin was found in mixtures for pig fattening (A1 and SOL), in mixtures for pregnant sows (KPB), for lactating sows (KPK), and in the complete feed mixtunts ranged between 50 and 350 micrograms kg-1 of feed. The organoleptically altered feed samples, taken from metallic containers standing in front of the stables on the farms, contained aflatoxin almost in all cases. It will be necessary, on the basis of these findings, to take preventive measures during the harvesting, post-harvest treatment, and storage of grain and feed components, in order to avert the multiplication of the mould and deterioration of the feeds.

Aflatoxins↗