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Biomedical subjects

J Dougherty

Publications and source records attributed to J Dougherty.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Double-stranded RNA and the enzymology of interferon action.

Extracts from interferon-treated, not virus-infected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells differ in various biochemical characteristics from extracts of control cells. We studied three enzymes whose level is enhanced in cells upon treatment with IF and which are causing some of the differences. (2'-5')(A)n synthetase, an enzyme converting ATP into a series of (2'-5') linked oligoadenylates ((2'-5')(An)) in the presence of dsRNA was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The second enzyme, RNase L, a latent endonuclease, which can be activated by (2'-5')(A)n to cleave single-stranded RNAs, was purified several hundredfold. The activation of this enzyme is reversible and is lost upon removal of (2'-5')(A)n. The activation is not accompanied by a large change in shape of conformation of the enzyme. The third enzyme is a protein kinase which if activated by dsRNA can phosphorylate the peptide chain initiation factor eIF-2 and a protein designated P1 of 67,000 daltons. This enzyme was purified several thousandfold. The most highly purified preparation consists of three proteins with P1 as the most abundant component.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1979

Familial arthrogrypotic-like hand abnormality and sensorineural deafness.

We describe a family with arthrogrypotic-like hand abnormalities. There were ten affected members in two generations. Three of ten affected persons showed an associated sensorineural hearing loss. The degree of the hand deformities and hearing loss varied in affected individuals. The pattern of inheritance seems to be autosomal dominant with variable expressivity. The findings in this syndrome resemble those reported previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A technique to assess fibrinogen, platelet and red cell kinetics in calves with artificial hearts or circulatory assist devices.

1. Normal data for routine hematologic studies including fibrinogen, VIIIAHF, AT III, and circulating platelet aggregates are reported for Holstein calves. 2. Therapy with warfarin, ASA, and dipyridamole does not alter these parameters such as VIIIAHF, AT III, or circulating platelet aggregates. 3. 75SeM can be used as an in vivo label to study the fibrinogen, platelet, and red cell kinetics simultaneously in calves. 4. Decreased VIIIAHF levels and decreased platelet survival are the most sensitive parameters to estimate the activation of coagulation in the animals with circulatory assist devices. 5. The total heart animals seem to have a significant decrease in fibrinogen and VIIIAHF levels as compared to normal and left ventricular assist animals. 6. Despite the use of warfarin and antiplatelet drugs, decreased platelet survival occurred in both the total heart and the left ventricular assist animals. Fibrinogen half life with 75SeM must be interpreted with caution until corrections for pool size, reutilization, and nonpeptide binding have been considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Fixed-interval schedules of intravenous cocaine presentation in rats.

Fixed-interval schedules of intravenous cocaine presentation were examined as a function of injection dose (0.32 to 0.64 mg/kg) and interval duration (200 to 400 sec) in two rats. Cocaine was found to exert a dose-related temporal control over the initiation of responding that was unaffected by the fixed-interval contingency. Fixed-interval pause duration was linearly related to injection dose and was the same duration as the interresponse time found on continuous reinforcement schedules of cocaine presentation. The fixed-interval pause remained constant with changes in interval duration. Characteristic fixed-interval patterns of responding were observed. However, overall response rates were inversely related to injection dose and directly related to interval duration. Running response rates varied unsystematically with both variables. These findings are at variance with results typically found in studies of fixed-interval food and electric shock presentation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of a telephone follow-up system in the emergency department.

Traditionally, treatment in the emergency department is noted for brief doctor-patient encounters, fragmented service, and lack of follow-up care. This atmosphere can lead to patient dissatisfaction and may contribute to the high rate of noncompliance with discharge instructions and medications. To cope with this problem, a prospective study was designed to evaluate a telephone follow-up system and its effect on patient care and satisfaction. During a 1-month period, all emergency department charts were reviewed daily, and approximately 15% were selected for recontact. These charts were selected using a detailed list of 20 criteria developed by staff emergency physicians. Calls were made by an emergency department physician, nurse, or social worker on the day following the patient's visit. Calls were assigned to staff members (physician, nurse, social worker) on the basis of preestablished criteria within the spectrum of their expertise and training. We were able to reach 81% (229/281) of the patients selected for recontact. The purpose of these calls was to question patients about changes in clinical status, reinforce discharge instructions, and identify any patient complaints about treatment. An average of 1.6 calls were made to successfully contact each patient. The calls lasted an average of 70 seconds. Of the patients contacted 42% (97/229) required further clarification of their discharge instructions. The calls resulted in direct medical intervention in the majority of patients (6/7) who stated their clinical condition had worsened. Ninety-five percent of the patients questioned (112/118) felt that the call was useful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aftercare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary and gait disturbances as markers for early multi-infarct dementia.

In a retrospective study of 84 outpatients with multiinfarct dementia, urinary and gait disturbances were found in 50% and 27%, respectively, and often preceded dementia and discrete stroke-like episodes by more than 5 years. Compared to patients without urinary disturbance, those with urinary dysfunction were predominantly male and more behaviorally impaired, but were similar in age, cognitive score, depression score, computerized tomography findings, and relative survival. Compared to patients without gait disturbance, those with gait abnormality had a higher Hachinski ischemic score and depression score and were more behaviorally impaired. Urinary and gait abnormalities may be markers for cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia even in the absence of frank stroke. Damage to bifrontal outflow tracts may be the common pathophysiological mechanism underlying the behavioral and motor symptoms characteristic of vascular dementias.

Aged↗