Biomedical subjects

J Domenech

Publications and source records attributed to J Domenech.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Nervous syndrome in sheep on the Ivory Coast. II. Economic impact, trials and cost-benefit analysis of preventive plans].

The clinical and epidemiological aspects of the ovine nervous syndrome in Côte-d'Ivoire were presented in the first part of this paper and the disease was considered to be similar to the cerebrocortical necrosis as related to vitamin B1 deficiency. The economic losses by this disease being 1,500 to 2,000 F CFA (30-40 FF) per animal and per year, it seemed to be very important to consider its prophylaxis. A programme involving a daily injection of 100 mg of thiamine chlorhydrate throughout the dry season proved to be very efficient. In addition, if excluding the cost of the injection, this programme appeared to be beneficial to the farmer. When including only the price of the product, the profit to cost ratio of the programme was 4.8 (thiamine at 400 F CFA) to 30.6 (thiamine at 66 F CFA). The other profit earning criteria, i.e. the differential actualized net value and the induced gains, showed the same positive effect of this prophylaxis programme. However, it should be emphasized that the nervous syndrome in sheep mainly remains an accident due to a poor flock management. Hence, to prevent this disease the farmer should correctly adapt the rearing methods to the intensification of the production. Nevertheless, as the accurate etiopathogenesis of the syndrome remains to be elucidated and as the daily injection of the product to all animals of the flock represents an important constraint, research should be pursued to solve a problem which seems to affect the whole region.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Sensitivity of human CFU-GM to mafosfamide: analysis of the factors affecting individual variations.

A study of CFU-GM sensitivity to mafosfamide was carried out in 67 candidates for ABMT. A lethal dose 95 (LD95) was calculated from the dose-response curve. Despite standardized treatment conditions of marrow buffy-coat cells, LD95 values that were normally distributed (median 100 micrograms/ml; mean +/- SEM 95.6 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml) varied considerably from patient to patient (range 30-160 micrograms/ml). Three independent factors appeared to confer greater sensitivity of CFU-GM: low patient age, low CFU-GM rate in treated cells and prolonged delay of CFU-GM sensitivity test from last chemotherapy course. In contrast, sex, pathology, disease status, number of previous chemotherapies and use of CY before the test did not influence CFU-GM sensitivity. Forty-six patients were autografted with mafosfamide-treated marrows according to their LD95. The mean percentage of CFU-GM effectively recovered after graft purging was 3.96 +/- 2.09%. All patients engrafted well and their peripheral blood cell recoveries were correlated with graft CFU-GM content evaluated before purging but not after purging or after freezing. In multivariate analysis, this parameter remained the only factor predicting hematopoietic recovery among other patient variables such as sex, age, pathology, disease status, previous chemotherapies or TBI in conditioning regimens. In a subgroup of 39 patients with lymphoid malignancies compared with 25 patients autografted for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with unpurged marrows, the delay in days (medians) was similar for leukocytes > 1 x 10(9)/l (19 vs 17 days) and for neutrophils > 0.5 x 10(9)/l (18 vs 17 days) while it was longer for platelets > 50 x 10(9)/l (34 vs 128 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[An outbreak of ovine granular keratoconjunctivitis of chlamydial origin, in Ivory Coast].

During the dry season 1990-1991, an outbreak of ovine granular keratoconjunctivitis occurred in Côte-d'Ivoire. The chlamydial etiology was demonstrated. All flocks were affected, with a morbidity rate of 30 to 70%. Lesions of keratitis were observed in 5 to 15% of the sick animals. The treatment with Auréomycine (ND-Specia, ophthalmic ointment) was constantly efficient.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Quality control of the vaccines and cold chain during the national vaccination campaigns].

During the two vaccination campaigns against rinderpest and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in 1989 and 1990, 507 vaccine samples were collected for quality control at each step of the distribution chain from the Veterinary Pharmacy of Abidjan to the vaccinator on the field. Parallel to that, the quality of the cold chain was checked. A total of 463 titrations were performed. All the titration levels were above the OIE/FAO standards, i.e. 10(2.5) DICT50/ml for rinderpest Valence and 10(7) viable germs/ml for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Valence.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Serological survey of Rift Valley fever in sheep on the Ivory Coast].

A serological survey of Rift Valley fever was carried out in sheep in Côte-d'Ivoire. Thousand and fifty one seras collected between 1988 and 1990 in the South of the country were tested for IgG and IgM by ELISA with two objectives: determining the incidence of the Rift Valley fever and analysing the role of this virus in reproductive failure and abortion. The incidence rate was 6.85%. No difference was found between the three different geographic areas nor between the three years of the survey. Antibody prevalence increased significantly with age. The Rift Valley fever must be considered as enzootic in Côte-d'Ivoire. A significant relationship was found between positivity and abortion in ewes. Thus, the economic impact of Rift Valley fever has to be studied. The presence of antibodies in young animals aged from 6 months to 1 year, showed a recent activity of the virus; a permanent epidemio-surveillance of the Rift Valley fever in Côte-d'Ivoire is needed, because of the potential risk for human population in contact with the animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Gastric, intestinal and colonic absorption of a series of beta-blockers in the rat.

Gastric, intestinal and colonic absorption rates of a series of eleven beta-blockers (alprenolol hydrochloride, atenolol, bunolol hydrochloride, penbutolol sulphate, pronethalol hydrochloride, metoprolol, oxprenolol, bevantolol, bufuralol, propranolol hydrochloride and timolol maleate) were estimated using Doluisio's method. The gastric absorption rate was very low and the absorption rate constant could not be assessed accurately in all cases. In the small intestine, the absorption rate constants, Ka, at pH 6.2 ranged between 0.38 h-1 for atenolol and 4.28 h-1 for penbutolol. In the colon, the rate of drug absorption at pH 7.5 ranged between 0.12 h-1 for atenolol and 2.15 h-1 for penbutolol. In most cases, colonic absorption rate constants were of the same order as those obtained in the small intestine, demonstrating the good penetrability through colonic membrane of the series studied. The relationship between absorption rate constants found in the small intestine and colon and the partition constant ([1/Rf]-1), was studied for this non-homologous series of beta-blocker drugs. In both cases, the functional hyperbolic absorption model proposed by Wagner and Sedman [1973] was the most representative.

Absorption↗

PubMed1992

Evaluation of doxorubicin in combination with mafosfamide for in vitro elimination of myeloid and lymphoid tumor cells from human bone marrow.

In an attempt to improve in vitro pharmacological purging of autologous grafts, the ability of doxorubicin (DOX), alone and in combination with mafosfamide (AZ), to eliminate tumor cells from human bone marrow was assessed. HL60 and Raji cells were mixed with a 20-fold excess of normal marrow cells and were incubated either with DOX (0.4-3.2 micrograms/ml) for 1 h or AZ (20-140 micrograms/ml) for 30 min or both drugs sequentially. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on tumor cells and GM-CFU by clonogenic assays and on earlier hemopoietic progenitors by liquid long-term marrow cultures (LTMC) for 5 weeks. DOX at 3.2 micrograms/ml and AZ at 140 micrograms/ml spared 1.08 and 1.23% of GM-CFU respectively, and yielded similar tumor cell log-kills for HL60 cells (3.04 and 2.95) and Raji cells (3.24 and 3.40). With the combination of AZ and DOX, the best therapeutic index was observed when the cells were incubated with AZ prior to DOX. Under these conditions, AZ at 80 micrograms/ml together with DOX at 1.6 micrograms/ml significantly increased log-kill values for HL60 cells to 3.96 by a synergistic effect and for Raji cells to 3.85 by an additive effect. In LTMC, GM-CFU recovery after treatment with AZ alone and with the combination of AZ and DOX was 59.9 and 20.0%, respectively, while it was 7.9 and 2.9% at culture initiation. These results suggest that the purging efficiency of DOX is comparable to that of AZ and may be enhanced by combination with AZ.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1991

A comparative in vitro study of transdermal absorption of a series of calcium channel antagonists.

The in vitro transdermal absorption of five calcium channel antagonists (nifedipine, nitrendipine, nicardipine, felodipine, and nimodipine) was studied using the skin of hairless rats as a membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the penetration parameters [permeability constant (Kp), lag time (T1, and flux (J)] as measures of the intrinsic transdermal permeabilities of these drugs, in order to predict the potential capacity of these drugs to be formulated in a therapeutical transdermal system (TTS). Reliable prediction of Kp values, using K'w (extrapolated capacity factor in 100% water) and P (n-octanol-water partition coefficient) values as independent variables in the parabolic, bilinear, and hyperbolic functions, were assayed. Nicardipine showed a higher mean transdermal penetration (Kp; 4.9 x 10(-3) cm.h-1) value than the other dihydropyridines. Nifedipine showed the shortest mean T1 value (5.1 h). The permeability rate constants of the calcium channel antagonists assayed can be predicted from their n-octanol-water partition coefficients, using the parabolic function (r = 0.984, p less than 0.01). Nicardipine would be the most suitable candidate for formulation in a TTS design.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1991

[Control of post-vaccinal immunity against rinderpest after the 1989 and 1990 vaccination campaigns in Ivory Coast].

The Central Laboratory of Animal Pathology of Bingerville (Côte-d'Ivoire) made an evaluation of post vaccinal immunity against rinderpest in 1990 and 1991 after the 1989 and 1990 national vaccination campaigns. The random sampling method was chosen to collect 6,020 sera in 255 places in 1990 and 3,301 sera in 158 places in 1991. ELISA analysis gave a standard positive rate of 82.39% +/- 0.08 in 1990 and 88.26 +/- 0.06% in 1991.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Lack of correlation between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of cyanamide in man. A preliminary report.

A pharmacokinetic and dynamic study of cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) used as an adjuvant in the aversive therapy of chronic alcoholism, has been carried out in man after oral administrations. Cyanamide plasma levels were determined by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic assay. Blood ALDH activity were estimated after oral administration of 0.3, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg of cyanamide. One i.v. administration of 1 mg/kg was performed in order to determine the absolute bioavailability and the main pharmacokinetic parameters. Elimination half life and total plasma clearance values were 51.7 8.8 min and 14.4 2.7 mL/kg/min respectively. After oral administrations of 0.3, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg a rapid absorption rate was estimated with a Tmax values range of 10.5 to 15.5 min. The extent of absorption was not complete, oral bioavailability being 53%, 70% and 81% respectively. The presence of a first pass-effect is suggested. The inhibitory activity of cyanamide on blood ALDH reached the maximum value 4 h after its administration and decreased progressively throughout six days period. The cyanamide plasma levels time course did not correlated with the pharmacodynamic time course responses.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

Adaptive and bayesian control of digoxin in geriatric patients.

The study was carried out in a total of 22 patients classified in two groups: Group "A" (n = 12) was constituted by geriatric patients with cardiac failure diagnostic and with digoxin treatment previously to start our study. Group "B" (n = 10) was also constituted by geriatric patients, but with arteriosclerosis diagnostic and without prior digoxin treatment. Doses of 0.25 mg of digoxin was administered by oral route in a multiple dosage regimen with dosification at times of 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Samples of blood were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1.75, 7, 24, 49.75, 72 and 168 h after the first administration. The classics one and two-open kinetic model were considered. The elimination constant (Ke) was estimated in function of creatinine clearance (Clcr) according to the following expression: Ke = Kslope * Clcr. The mean value of kinetic parameters established were: For one-compartment kinetic model: Ka = 15.2 and 15.7 h-1, Vd = 5.4 and 4.5 l/Kg and Kslope 0.0006 and 0.0001 min/ml * h for groups "A" and "B", respectively. For two-compartment kinetic model: Ka = 11.5 and 3.6 h-1, K12 = 0.7 and 0.8 h-1, k21 = 0.2 and 0.2 h-1, Vc = 2.7 and 1.9 l/Kg and Kslope 0.0002 and 0.0002 min/ml * h for groups "A" and "B", respectively.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1991

Comparative study "in vitro" of transdermal absorption of a series of antiemetic drugs.

The "in vitro" transdermal absorption characteristics of various antiemetic drugs (Alizapride, Bromopride, Clebopride, Domperidone, Metoclopramide, Metopimazine) were studied. Franz diffusion glass cells were used. The skin of hairless rat was used as a permeation membrane. The following parameters were evaluated for each drug: Permeation constant (Kp), lag time (T1), and flux (J). A comparative study of permeation characteristics of the assayed drugs was carried out. Their potential use as transdermal dosage forme was also studied. Based on the results, Bromopride and Clebopride have showed the best "in vitro" permeation profile to be used by transdermal administration.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1991

Intestinal absorption of a series of 6-fluoquinolone derivatives: a comparative study.

The intestinal absorption rate constants of the five 6-fluoquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, CNV 8802 and CNV 8804), have been estimated in the rat (n = 5) by means of an "in situ" intestinal perfusion method. Remaining 6-fluoquinol one concentrations in the perfusion liquid at fixed time (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes) were determined using a HPLC procedure with UV detection. Absorptions rate constants were estimated according to first order kinetics. A simple non-linear correlation between Ka and log K' on the one hand and a multiple linear correlation between Ka and the structural theoretical parameters: molar volume, dipolar moment and the charge associated to nitrogen 18 on the other, were performed. Only a correlation between Ka values as dependent variable versus dipolar moment and molecular volume values has been obtained, but this correlation is not statistically significant (p = 0.1808) and not accurate enough to have predictive value.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1991

Reduction of oral bioavailability of paracetamol by tolmetin in rat.

The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol alone and coadministered with tolmetin were studied in male Wistar rats. Open pharmacokinetic model of one and two compartments were fitted to experimental average plasma levels of paracetamol. Simultaneously fittings (intravenous and oral curves showed significant statistical differences for bioavailability estimated parameters (AUCev, F and K01). Also significant statistical differences were found for alfa, beta, K21 and Vd(ss) estimated parameters. Oral paracetamol bioavailability reduction (24%) was observed by coadministration of tolmetin in the rat. Since AUCiv and plasma clearance of paracetamol remained unchanged after intravenous coadministration, may be suggested that absorption process seems responsible of paracetamol bioavailability reduction.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1990

[Epidemiology of animal diseases in Africa: approach strategies and role of veterinary laboratories].

Study of the epidemiology of animal diseases in Africa should only be envisaged when the veterinary diagnosis laboratories and the cattle development structures in the field are fully operational. Veterinary epidemiology may be approached using all usual laboratory techniques. In spite of some limitations described by the author, current diagnosis, intervention in outbreaks, retrospective and prospective surveys all contribute to the knowledge of animal disease epidemiology. In fact, considering the difficulties met in Africa, it seems advisable to combine a mixed approach to maximise the use of field visits. The author concludes that until new techniques allow a decentralised diagnosis, the African veterinary laboratories must play a determinant part in the study of the epidemiology of animal diseases; furthermore current diagnosis, sanitary surveillance and epidemiological surveys have now become almost inseparable.

Africa↗

PubMed1990

Study of the release process of drugs: suppositories of paracetamol.

The release process of paracetamol, formulated in suppositories, prepared with four different Suppocire masses (AM, AML, AS2X and AP), having different hydrophilia, supplied by Gattefossé, was investigated. The release study of paracetamol was carried out "in vitro" by means of the Dissotest apparatus (Sotax), built on the base of the flow-through method. The assay conditions were: pH 7.4 and flow rate of 20 ml/min. The release process was evaluated using the following amodelistic parameters: the mean dissolution time (MDT), the variance of dissolution time (VDT), the dissolution efficiency (DE) and the maximum amount dissolved determined experimentally (Qmax). The amodelistic parameters, after their statistical analysis by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the comparison between data pairs by the Mann-Whitney "U" test, proved that there are significant differences (p less than 0.05), with the exception of Qmax, between the four masses tested. This study shows that the masses which have a surfactant in their composition (AS2X and AP) offer a better release of paracetamol than those which have no surfactant (AM and AML).

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1989

[In vitro study of platelet preservation during 5 days in reduced-thickness bags].

An in vitro study of platelet concentrates storage for 5 days was performed in PVC bags. Modification of the original three-day containers were introduced by thickness reduction. The results at fifth day were comparable to those at third day in standard plastic bags. During storage, variations of platelet counts were very slight with a low LDH release. PH was stable with a good maintenance of phase microscope platelet morphology. PCO2 and PO2 measurements showed a satisfactory gas permeability which could explain a limited lactate production. If in vivo studies of transfusion recovery confirm these data, platelet concentrates storage could be extended up to 5 days by such modifications of standard three-day PVC bags.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed1989

[The intensity of tinnitus].

The AA. intend to find a significant relationship between the subjective intensity of the tinnitus experienced by 47 patients, as assessed by themselves from a 7-point scale, and the objective intensity evaluated by audiometric matching of the noise. The relationship among the subjective intensity, the frequency of tinnitus and the hearing loss at the same frequency of the tinnitus aurium has also been studied. A statistically significative relationship between these parameters could not be possible find out. So they think necessary to find some others means to assess the intensity of the tinnitus.

Adult↗