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Biomedical subjects

J Dobiás

Publications and source records attributed to J Dobiás.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Fracture-dislocations of the ankle joint in adults. Part I: epidemiologic evaluation of patients during a 1-year period].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to present a basic statistical overview of fracture-dislocations of the ankle in adults in a one-year group of patients. MATERIAL: The analyzed group of patients comprised 232 patients (121 men, 111 women) treated for fracture-dislocations of the ankle at the authors' department between 1 January and 31 December 1999. In all patients the physes were closed. The type of fractures was classified after B. G. Weber. RESULTS: Type A fractures accounted for 23%, Type B fractures for 65% and Type C fractures for 12% of all cases. The average age of the injured was 49 years (range, 16-89), with men prevailing until 5th decade and women predominating from 6th decade. In 65% of Type A fractures there occurred only the fracture of lateral malleolus, in 31% the fracture involved also medial malleolus and in 4% it affected also the posterior margin of the distal tibia. In 49% of Weber B type of fractures the medial malleolus was fractured, in 20% the deltoid ligament was ruptured and in 31% there occurred no injury on the medial aspect. Avulsion of the posterior margin of the distal tibia occurred in 46%. In 71% of Type C fractures the fracture was located in the lower half of fibula, Maisonneuve type occurred in 29%. Medial malleolus was fractured in 57%, the deltoid ligament was ruptured in 36%, in 7% there was no medial injury. The posterior margin of the distal tibia was avulsed also in 46%. Fracture of the posterior margin of the distal tibia occurred in Type A in 4%, in Type B in 46% and in Type C also in 46%. In Types B and C the size of the avulsed posterior part of the distal tibia covered 1/4 of its articular surface in 75% of cases, 1/3 in 17% and 1/2 in 8% of cases. DISCUSSION: We have found an adequate group of patients for comparison only in the Lindsjö work who evaluated a group of adult patients treated at his department between the beginning of February 1972 and end of June 1975. Other groups of patients which we studied and which included some of the parameters that we have examined are not comparable from the viewpoint of the basic selection of patients as the selection was made in a different way, namely according to the manner of treatment, i.e. conservatively or surgically, or according to the preference of one of the types of the fractures or the period of follow-up. Also, the so called epidemiological studies concentrated only on one or two factors (men/women ratio, the cause of injury, the period of the year). In addition, some works also include fractures in growing individuals. CONCLUSION: Fracture-dislocations affect equally men and women. Men prevail until the age of fifty, women afterwards. The average age of patients was 49 years. Most frequent is Weber B Type, least frequent Weber C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Properties of polyethylene films with incorporated benzoic anhydride and/or ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and their suitability for food packaging.

Benzoic anhydride and ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (ETP and PRP, respectively, also termed parabens) incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) film were studied with regard to migration into food and food simulants at 6 degrees C and 25 degrees C, and changes in selected properties of the film were investigated. Antimicrobials were incorporated into polymer film in concentrations of 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg. The addition of parabens into the polymer was more difficult than benzoic anhydride due to their volatility. For benzoic anhydride, 30-40% and 10-20% of the added amount was found to leach from the film into aqueous and olive oil food simulants, respectively. The migration into both water and olive oil followed a very similar course in the case of parabens. Migration levels over 90% and in the range of 70% to 80%, relative to the amount of agent in the film, were determined for ETP and PRP respectively. The incorporation of antimicrobials into the film significantly changed the functional characteristics of the packaging material, i.e. permeability of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour, tensile strength, coefficient of friction, sealing strength and transparency. Shelf life tests with packaged cheese and toasted bread demonstrated the efficiency of the film containing 10 g/kg of BA against mould growth on the food surface during storage at 6 degrees C.

Anhydrides↗
PubMed1995

[Study of malignant melanoma using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy].

1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study malignant melanoma extract. The aim of this work was to study low molecular weight metabolites soluble in water, which can be helpful for a more detailed understanding of tumor metabolism with a view to using this knowledge for diagnosis. The authors found in a well distinguished spectrum the presence of numerous low molecular weight metabolites such as glutamate, glutamine, choline, inositol, creatine, phosphocreatine, phosphocholine, glucose, acetate, alanine, lactate. It is necessary to correlate these in-vitro findings with a study of the above mentioned metabolites in-vivo. Malignant melanoma is appropriate for this investigative and diagnostic technique because of its superficial localization. (Fig. 1, Ref. 18.)

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Cellular fatty acids analysis in the identification of lactic acid bacteria.

The main factors affecting the cellular fatty acid composition such as cultivation temperature, pH and NaCl content of cultivation medium, growth stage and the method of fat isolation are summarised. The effects of these factors on the fatty acids patterns are compared with those found after the cultivation of several strains of Lactobacillus sake and L. pentosus.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1993

[The role of platelet activating factor in the pathogenesis of asthma].

The work reviews knowledge about the function of PAF, the presupposed mediator of asthma. The PAF mediator evokes contraction of smooth muscles of respiratory passages, too in vivo as in vitro, by means of an indirect mechanism involving activated platelets which function as intermediaries. The constrictor released due to this process can be represented by histamine or a product of arachidonic acid. Mucous secretion is according to current knowledge stimulated by PAF. The PAF mediator appears to be a considerable chemotactic factor for eosinophils which by their cytotoxic effects on respiratory epithelium support the origin and development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. PAF has an eminent effect on the growth of microvascular permeability. Antagonists of PAF inhibit some mentioned PAF effects. Their possible therapeutic utilization, excluding ketotiphen, are currently subjected to research. (Fig. 2, Ref. 17.).

Asthma↗
PubMed1991

[Hyalinosis in generalized sarcoidosis located primarily in the lungs simulating a tumor].

Almost complete fibrotization and hyalinosis of sarcoid granulomas in the lungs and pleura and longitudinal extending fibrotization of alveolitis is a finding conceivable from the formal genetic aspect, however, exceptional when found in such an advanced stage. The process of fibrotization and hyalinosis in the lungs causes an ever increasing interest in the understanding of their mechanism. Today there exists already a number of known growth mediators which are produced within the framework of the altered immune state by activated monocytes and T lymphocytes. Under experimental conditions their actual importance in the process of fibrotization can be proved. In untreated sarcoidosis we observed generalization of the process which in the course of cca 15 years changed into developed adhesive pleuritis, fibrotization of the interstitium of the lung and tracheobronchial nodes, spleen and bone marrow. Neither the process proper of sarcoidosis nor cor pulmonale were the immediate cause of death which was due to massive fused pseudolobar purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

[Long-term biopsy study of chronic hepatitis].

Repeated liver biopsy was performed at 293 patients suffering from chronic hepatitis (33 cases of chronic persistent type, 260 cases with mild or mediate activity, 3 highly active cases) in the interval varying from 2 months to 11 years. Unsubstantial portobiliary fibrosis was found in addition to inflammatory changes in 49 cases with mild activity, quiet fibrosis in 4 cases, unstabilized cirrhosis in 3 cases; unchanged morphology occurred but once after 4 year monitoring. Two patients with chronic persistent hepatitis showed the same picture in repeated biopsy. Both types of chronic hepatitis were obviously different as a rule but prospective difficulties in distinguishing between them are not lacking.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

[Light and electron microscopy findings in alcoholic liver damage].

Large centrolobular hepatocytes and the formation of alcoholic clear cells are regarded as changes of prognostic significance in chronic alcoholism. Electron microscopically these cells reveal an increase of the endoplasmic reticulum. Special attention is paid to ultrastructural peculiarities of Mallory bodies, inflammatory changes and fibrosis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in pneumocytes in fibrosing alveolitis].

Some unusual changes of proliferating type II pneumocytes were shown by electron microscopy in idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis. New pneumocytes in cubic metaplasia were loosely connected by abundant microvillous processes. These were scarce on the apical surface but numerous on the basis where they are normally lacking. In the absence of basement membrane microvillous processes communicated directly with fibrosed interalveolar septum.

Humans↗