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Biomedical subjects

J Dequeker

Publications and source records attributed to J Dequeker.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Vertebral crush fracture syndrome and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

The association of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in one or more extremities with vertebral crush fracture syndrome is reported in six cases. In two of them the reflex sympathetic dystrophy preceded the vertebral crush fractures. The 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy results of the skeletons of 42 consecutive patients suffering from vertebral collapse and of 30 matched controls without osteoporosis have been evaluated by three independent observers for abnormal uptakes in the extremities. An abnormal radioactive bone tracer uptake in the extremities has been observed in 15 osteoporotics (36%) and 8 controls (29%). In most cases, osteoporotics and controls, the abnormal uptake was of the zonal type in a localized area, probably reflecting bone remodeling due to localized degenerative changes. An abnormal uptake of the segmental type involving multiple joints and even multiple extremities, as seen in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, was observed in 7 patients of the osteoporotic group (17%) and in none of the control group (P less than 0.05). The patients with an abnormal segmental uptake were younger and had a significantly higher mean 24 h calcium:creatinine ratio as well as a higher urinary hydroxyproline excretion. These observations and results suggest that in some cases of idiopathic osteoporosis there might be a relation between reflex sympathetic dystrophy and vertebral crush fracture syndrome, the vertebral crush fracture syndrome being the axial type of reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Increased levels of osteocalcin (serum bone Gla-protein) in rheumatoid arthritis.

Serum osteocalcin was measured by radio-immunoassay in 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in 50 controls. Mean serum osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in patients with RA. There was a positive correlation between osteocalcin and fasting mucopolysaccharide/creatinine ratio in both sexes, and between osteocalcin and fasting hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio in women. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, a less specific marker for bone formation, was also increased in RA, and there was a positive correlation with osteocalcin in both sexes. These data suggest that overall bone turnover is increased in RA and that serum osteocalcin may provide additional information for the evaluation of bone metabolism in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bone mass measured by photonabsorptiometry and radiogrammetry in Wistar rats. Age and sex variations.

Using radiogrammetric and photonabsorptiometric methods, we determined changes in bone mass in Wistar rats as a function of age and sex. In the four age groups studied (10-, 18-, 30-, and 78-week-old rats), males displayed greater bone mass than females. With increasing age, bone mass also increases up to the 78th week. However, the rate of this increase was slower in the 78-week age group. Whereas the length and periosteal diameter of the bones studied were increased in old age groups, the endosteal diameter decreased in females and increased in males. The results show that, unlike human bone, rat bone mass persistently increases with aging, and female rats continue to gain bone at the endosteal site. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that radiogrammetric morphometry and photonabsorptiometry may be used as an experimental tool to investigate bone mass changes in small animals.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1986

Vertebral and peripheral bone mineral content and fracture incidence in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of low dose corticosteroids.

Peripheral and axial bone mass and fracture incidence were studied in a group of 104 postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients were divided into non-corticosteroid and low dose corticosteroid treated groups after elimination of patients with concomitant disease or therapy which might affect bone mass. Results were compared with those obtained in controls matched for age and sex. Bone mass at the distal radius was significantly reduced compared with that of controls in both patient groups. Axial bone mass, however, was normal in both treatment groups, non-corticosteroid treated patients having even a significantly higher bone mass than controls (p less than 0.05) and corticosteroid treated patients (p less than 0.05). Fracture incidence (vertebral and femoral neck) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in corticosteroid treated patients than in the non-corticosteroid treated group. The mean lumbar bone mineral content and the body weight of the fracture group were significantly lower than in the controls. There were no significant differences in biochemical markers of bone turnover between the RA groups.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

The effect of biometeorological factors on Ritchie articular index and pain in rheumatoid arthritis.

The effect of relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, cloudcover, outside temperature, wind velocity and an overall weather index on Ritchie articular index (RAI) and pain registered on visual analogue scale (VAS) have been studied in active rheumatoid arthritis cases. Nineteen such cases were studied prospectively during the hospitalization for an exacerbation of the disease in the winter of 1981-82. Sixty-nine per cent of the patients were found to be sensitive, according to the RAI and VAS scores, to a weather indicator and 16% were not sensitive at all. To be weather sensitive, patients had to have at least one significantly positive correlation. The weather indicators most often positively associated with rheumatic symptoms were relative humidity, outdoor temperature, cloudiness and the overall weather index. There was no absolute correlation between the subjective claim to be weather sensitive and the objective correlations with weather parameters and joint pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Correlation between mechanical properties and wall composition of the canine superior vena cava.

The mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and stress-relaxation) of different venous segments of the canine superior vena cava were determined as well as the composition of the vessel wall by means of physical, biochemical and histological methods. It was found that the wall of the vena cava was structurally and mechanically a function of the metric position with respect to the right heart: the modulus of elasticity increased, the stress-relaxation decreased, the concentration of hydroxyproline, collagen and elastin increased and the amount of muscle fibres decreased with increasing distal distance from the right heart. A significant linear correlation coefficient was observed between the modulus of elasticity and the structural wall components. The data presented show the axial heterogeneity and the dependency of the mechanical properties upon the venous vessel wall composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Long-term effect of nandrolone decanoate, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 or intermittent calcium infusion therapy on bone mineral content, bone remodeling and fracture rate in symptomatic osteoporosis: a double-blind controlled study.

A double-blind controlled study was performed in 60 patients with symptomatic osteoporosis with at least one vertebral crush fracture, comparing the effect of nandrolone decanoate, 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and intermittent calcium infusions. Thirty-four out of 60 patients completed the 2 year observation period. Nandrolone decanoate statistically significantly increased the bone mineral content at the radius, reduced the endosteal bone loss at the metacarpals and statistically significantly reduced urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretion. Calcium infusions and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited further loss of bone mineral content, but endosteal bone loss continued. In the second year fracture rate was reduced in the nandrolone decanoate groups compared to the two other groups. We conclude that nandrolone decanoate is an active drug for increasing bone mineral content and reducing endosteal bone loss, while 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium infusions only stop further bone mineral loss at the radius but do not inhibit endosteal bone loss as measured at the metacarpals and that single photon absorptiometry and radiography are complementary in interpreting cortical bone mineral changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

An open study on the efficacy and safety of auranofin in treating psoriatic arthritis.

An open study in Belgium assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of auranofin (AF) in treating psoriatic arthritis. The study enrolled 29 patients; median age was 46 years and median duration of disease was 5.5 years. Patients received 6 mg AF daily, given as two 3-mg tablets once a day. Concomitant therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids was permitted. Efficacy of auranofin was apparent by 3 months after the start of treatment, as evidenced by improvement over baseline in number of tender joints, severity of pain, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. After 1 year of auranofin therapy there was 50% or greater improvement over baseline in these parameters in 11% to 41% of the total population, and in 19% to 69% of those who completed at least 1 year of treatment. Diarrhea was reported in 45% of patients, occurring most often during the first 6 months of therapy. Nausea occurred in 10%; abdominal pain in 7%; rash in 14%; and pruritus in 17%. Withdrawals because of adverse events totaled 4: 1 for rash, 2 for pruritus, and 1 for rash, pruritus, and purpura. Auranofin may be considered an effective and safe therapeutic alternative for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mineral metabolism in postmenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Serum and urinary variables of bone mineral metabolism were studied in 49 postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results were compared to those in a sex, age and menopausal age matched control group. No patient took corticosteroids, or had any disease other than RA which might affect bone. Total serum calcium was low in patients with RA compared to controls (9.0 +/- 0.5 mg% vs 9.3 +/- 0.3 mg%, p less than 0.005), but was normal when corrected for albumin (9.5 +/- 0.6 mg% vs 9.3 +/- 0.4 mg%, NS). Serum phosphorus was significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls (3.6 +/- 0.3 mg% vs 3.3 +/- 0.4 mg%, p less than 0.001) as well as serum alkaline phosphatase activity (107.6 +/- 27.2 IU/l vs. 9.6 +/- 28.91 IU/l). Serum creatinine, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels were comparable in both groups. Urinary hydroxyproline and mucopolysaccharide excretions were higher in patients with RA than controls, both for fasting (respectively 0.089 +/- 0.028 vs 0.039 +/- 0.023, p less than 0.001 and 0.072 +/- 0.027 vs 0.047 +/- 0.019, p less than 0.001) and for 24 h values (50.3 +/- 17.9 mg vs 36.2 +/- 15.4 mg, p less than 0.001 and 54.6 +/- 26.0 mg vs 41.7 +/- 16.5 mg, p less than 0.05). Urinary calcium excretion was comparable in the 2 groups. Our findings of raised serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity, raised urinary hydroxyproline and mucopolysaccharides excretion suggest that in patients with RA there is a higher metabolic activity of bone. In none of the patients could any indication of osteomalacia or of parathyroid overactivity be found.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Age-, sex-, and menopause-related changes of vertebral and peripheral bone: population study using dual and single photon absorptiometry and radiogrammetry.

Vertebral and peripheral bone mass have been measured with single and dual photon absorptiometry and radiogrammetry in 146 male and 220 female volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 85 yr. One hundred four subjects with interfering diseases, treatment, or x-ray manifestations of lumbar osteoarthritis were excluded for purposes of this study. Patterns of age-related bone gain and diminution differed between sexes and measuring sites. The effect of menopause on the peripheral and vertebral skeleton also differed. Men, at all measured sites, have more bone than women. In the fifth decade, however, women's lumbar bone mineral content was almost equal to the value found in men. Bone loss associated with aging was more marked in women than in men and started, for the lumbar spine, at about the age of 25 yr in both women and men and, for the peripheral bones, at the age of 55 in women and 65 in men. Bone loss in the spine in women was not linear. Women in the fifth and sixth decade, who still had menstruation, differed significantly from those who had not menstruated for at least the last 6 mo. Bone diminution at menopause was twice as great in the lumbar spine than elsewhere in the peripheral skeleton, 15% versus 7%. Of the 25% total bone loss of the spine during adult life in women, 60% was lost within 10 yr after menopause. Estrogen deficiency, not aging, is the predominant cause of bone loss in the spine. For the peripheral skeleton, there is a two-component decrease, a rapid loss induced by the menopause superimposed on a slower age-related loss. Although there was a significant correlation between peripheral and vertebral bone mass indices, it was clear that observations made at one site will not necessarily reflect changes observed at another site.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Chemical composition of normal and osteoarthrotic cancellous bone of the femoral head. Studies of EDTA extracts and collagenase digests.

Using EDTA extraction and collagenase digestion, cancellous bone from the femoral heads of ten normal and eight osteoarthrotic individuals was analyzed for its content of collagen, sialoprotein, proteoglycan, and carbohydrate. The EDTA extractability of the matrix proteins of the osteoarthrotic bone was significantly increased (P less than 0.001), as was the soluble collagenase-resistant fraction (SCRF). EDTA residues, bone matrix size, the collagenase-resistant fraction (CRF), and the insoluble collagenase-resistant fraction (ICRF) of the osteoarthrotic cases were not different from those of the controls. The amounts of carbohydrate and proteoglycans were considerably elevated in the bone matrix of the osteoarthrotic bone (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively). In the EDTA extracts, sialoprotein and proteoglycan contents were found in significant higher amounts (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) in the osteoarthrotic cases. In the SCRF, the hexose and sialic acid contents were higher in the osteoarthrotic bone (P less than 0.01), while in the ICRF all the analyses were significantly increased in the osteoarthrotic bone (P less than 0.001). The ratios of collagen to non-collagenous components were lower in the osteoarthrotic than in normal bones. The quantitative and qualitative variations in cancellous bone proteins from the femoral head in osteoarthrosis found in this study suggest that alterations in subchondral bone play a role in the pathophysiology of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Longterm experience with oral gold in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

Oral gold (auranofin) has been used in 31 patients, 20 with active rheumatoid arthritis and 11 with active psoriatic arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis the oral gold treatment was compared to parenteral gold treatment in a patient blind trial for two years. The psoriatic arthritis cases were incorporated in an open trial. Auranofin 6 mg once daily reduced significantly the activity in rheumatoid arthritis and in psoriatic arthritis. The beneficial effect obtained with auranofin at a dose of 6 mg/day during the first year of treatment could not be maintained by 3 mg/day in the second year. Auranofin compared to parenteral gold had a distinct advantage of better systemic tolerability, although parenteral gold was found to be more potent. There was no greater risk for toxic skin reaction to oral gold in psoriatic arthritis than in rheumatoid arthritis. The overall conclusion of this longterm study is that oral gold (auranofin) 6 mg once daily, although slightly less effective than parenteral gold, can be considered to be the first choice of gold treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, because the compliance, which is a reflection of a combination of tolerance and efficacy, for oral gold therapy was, in our hands, undoubtedly superior to parenteral gold.

Adult↗