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Biomedical subjects

J Davignon

Publications and source records attributed to J Davignon.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Plasma lipids and lipoprotein patterns in angiographically graded atherosclerosis of the legs and in coronary heart disease.

The prevalence and type of plasma lipoprotein abnormalities were determined in 114 French-Canadian patients with angiographically proven peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The severity of atherosclerosis was positively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration, especially in the younger patients (r = 0.29, P less than 0.05), and (not significantly) with plasma cholesterol concentration. Of the risk factors believed to predispose individuals to atherosclerosis, cigarette smoking was the most frequently found in the PVD patients (72.8%), especially among the men. Combination of two or more risk factors was the rule. Findings were compared with those in 114 patients who had undergone coronary angiography for suspected coronary heart disease (CHD). The CHD patients were, on average, younger by 10 years. Hyperlipidemia was present in 58.8% of CHD patients, compared with 43.9% of PVD patients. A far higher proportion of CHD patients showed the type II plasma lipoprotein pattern (24.6% v. 7.9%), although the type IV pattern was more common in both groups (31.6% and 28.9%, respectively). A high proportion of all patients (56.1% with PVD and 41.2% with CHD) showed a normal lipoprotein pattern on paper electrophoresis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetics of clofibrate in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Some patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC, type II) are highly responsive to the cholesterol-lowering effect of clofibrate, while others are not only resistant to this effect but may even show an increase in plasma beta-lipoproteins. In an attempt to find an explanation for these striking differences, we have studied the pharmacokinetics of clofibrate in FHC patients at both extremes of responsiveness. The results disclosed several major differences between the two groups. Plasma clofibric acid (CPIB) measured during the chronic administration of the drug was significantly higher in the responders than in the non-responders, whether all patients in each group or only those with tendon xanthomas were considered. Plasma CPIB concentrations were negatively correlated with body weight in the responders but not in CPIB-resistant patients. They were also inversely proportional to decreases in plasma beta-lipoprotein cholesterol after chronic clofibrate administration in the responsive group, but directly proportional to increases in the non-responders. Increasing the dose of clofibrate from 2 to 3 g/day in CPIB-resistant patients always resulted in an increase in plasma CPIB levels, but this was followed in some patients by a decrease and in others by an increase in plasma beta-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, so that the overall effect was not statistically significant. The half-life of plasma CPIB was measured over 48 h after a single 1-g dose of clofibrate in patients who had not received this drug for at least 3 weeks. Half-life was significantly longer in the responsive patients. In addition, the bioavailability and the rate of absorption of clofibrate tended to be higher in this group than in the resistant patients. We suspect that both groups differ not only in the metabolic handling of clofibrate but also in some aspect of their beta-lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effect of clofibrate treatment on chronic hyperlipidemia induced by an ACTH-producing tumor.

Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly increased in rats bearing an MtT-F4 tumor for 31-41 days. Addition of clofibrate at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 to the diet of rats bearing the tumor resulted in the complete elimination of the tumor effect on the plasma triglycerides, and to a great extent prevented the rise in the plasma cholesterol.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

Diet and probucol in lowering cholesterol concentrations. Additive effects on plasma cholesterol concentrations in patients with familial type ii hyperlipoproteinemia.

Probucol [4,4-(isopropylidendithio bis)(2,6-di-t-butylphenol)], as as an adjunct to diet, was evaluated for its effect on lowering the plasma cholesterol level in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type II). The trial had a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. About half of the 30 patients responded to a low-cholesterol modified-fat diet with a decrease in the plasma cholesterol level of approximately 13%. When probucol was added to the diet of the responders, their plasma cholesterol level was lowered a further 13%. Patients who did not respond to the diet did show reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations when receiving probucol plus the diet. Analysis of the cholesterol content of the various lipoprotein fractions showed that the low-density lipoproteins accounted for most of the total plasma cholesterol level decrease. There was, as expected, no effect on plasma triglyceride concentrations. Neither the 7-dehydrocholesterol nor the desmosterol level was increased in the plasma of patients treated with probucol for three months. Probucol is useful as an adjunct to diet in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. The drug was well tolerated by all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Halofenate versus clofibrate in the management of true diabetes insipidus.

The antidiuretic effect of two chemically related drugs, clofibrate and halofenate, was tested in a patient with pitressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. The conventional daily dosage of 2 g clofibrate failed to control the symptoms of this patient; in order to obtain an adequate response the dosage had to be increased to 4 g daily.Halofenate at a dosage of 2 g daily, an amount equivalent in hypolipidemic activity to 4 g per day of clofibrate, significantly reduced water intake and output, while urinary osmolarity was markedly increased.It is concluded that (1) the antidiuretic effect of clofibrate may be dose-related, and that (2) halofenate also possesses some antidiuretic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

An improved radiological method for the evaluation of Achilles tendon xanthomatosis.

Xanthomatous infiltration of tendons is a clinical feature common to many cases of hyperlipidemia. The xanthomas can be detected and only grossly assessed by palpation. This report describes a radiological technique used to assess these lesions at the Achilles tendon level. The "mammography technique" applied to the study of Achilles tendons was used in 32 normolipemic subjects and 32 hyperlipidemic patients. Both tendons could be observed in their entire length and their thickness, greatly increased in xanthomatosis, could be accurately measured. The results of this survey suggest that the radiological approach may provide a useful tool for the routine evaluation and follow-up of tendon xanthomas.

Achilles Tendon↗