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J David

Publications and source records attributed to J David.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Inhibition of anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine by aminophylline and caffeine in rats.

Interaction of two well known methyl xanthines, aminophylline--an antiasthmatic agent--and caffeine--commonly present in beverages, on the seizure protective ability of carbamazepine (CBZ) against electrically and chemically induced seizures in rats was investigated. Aminophylline (75 mg/kg, ip) did not alter the activity of CBZ (10 mg/kg, ip; ED100) on maximal electroshock seizures while dose dependent antagonism of CBZ efficacy was seen at 100 and 150 mg/kg, ip. Similar effects were observed with caffeine (200 and 250 mg/kg, ip). At the highest tolerated doses, aminophylline (150 mg/kg, ip) and caffeine (250 mg/kg, ip) produced antagonism of CBZ protection against pentylenetetrazole seizures. These observations support the possibility that the antagonism due to the interaction of these drugs could be related to their action at adenosine receptor sites in the brain.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1988

Evolutionary conservation of the chromosomal configuration and regulation of amylase genes among eight species of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup.

Nuclear DNA was extracted from each of the eight species comprising the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Southern hybridization of this DNA by using a molecular probe specific for the alpha-amylase coding region showed that the duplicated structure of the amylase locus, first found in D. melanogaster, is conserved among all species of the melanogaster subgroup. Evidence is also presented for the concerted evolution of the duplicated genes within each species. In addition, it is shown that the glucose repression of amylase gene expression, which has been extensively studied in D. melanogaster, is not confined to this species but occurs in all eight members of the species subgroup. Thus, both the duplicated gene structure and the glucose repression of Drosophila amylase gene activity are stable over extended periods of evolutionary time.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

A double blind, placebo controlled trial of intravenous methylprednisolone in systemic lupus erythematosus.

A double blind, placebo controlled trial was performed in 25 patients to study the use of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in the treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The trial examined the additive effect of IVMP on a background of conventional oral steroid treatment. Patients were followed up for six months. The results showed a trend towards more consistent overall improvement in the first two weeks after IVMP administration compared with placebo, but this difference was not maintained at one month or subsequently. They also suggested a quicker resolution of hypocomplementaemia in the treatment group. Other parameters of disease activity showed no difference. Side effects were generally mild and were similar in incidence between the two groups. Thus it is concluded that IVMP may improve initial suppression of active lupus in some patients when added to conventional oral steroid treatment, but that this additional benefit is not maintained; IVMP is, however, a relatively safe treatment when used in this way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric and neurological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The frequency and type of psychiatric disease were investigated in 40 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 27 control subjects with rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. The psychiatric morbidity at the time of interview was the same in the two groups, but the patients with SLE had experienced more episodes of psychiatric illness in the past, and psychotic symptoms occurred only in this group. Half of the patients with SLE had previous or current evidence of neurological involvement; an association was found between neurological disease and psychotic symptoms in SLE, while anxiety and affective disturbances appeared to be closely related to environmental factors in both patients with SLE and controls. There was no correlation between psychiatric and neurological disease and clinical or laboratory indices of disease activity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 15 patients with SLE. Abnormalities were more often present in those with neurological disease; no such correlation was found with psychiatric illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Care of the hands.

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Cross Infection↗
PubMed1988

Association of quantitative anticardiolipin antibody levels with fetal loss and time of loss in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The presence of anticardiolipin antibodies has been associated with the occurrence of spontaneous abortions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Retrospective analysis of the relationship between the levels of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies in 84 patients with SLE and the prevalence of spontaneous abortions was performed. The time at which abortion occurred amongst these patients was compared with that in 26 subjects with a poor obstetric history, but without SLE. Forty-six of 84 patients had anticardiolipin antibodies and had 143 pregnancies, of which 84 (58.7 per cent) resulted in fetal loss. In contrast, amongst the 38 patients without anticardiolipin antibodies only 23 of 93 pregnancies (24.7 per cent) resulted in fetal loss. The prevalence of spontaneous abortions in the SLE patients was related to the levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies; IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were not associated with increased fetal loss. In SLE patients without anticardiolipin antibodies, and in the group of patients without SLE, fetal loss occurred at 14.1 +/- 7.5 (mean +/- SD) and 12.5 +/- 5.5 weeks respectively. When anticardiolipin antibodies were present fetal loss tended to occur at a later stage of pregnancy (17.4 +/- 7.1 weeks) and amongst this group 30 per cent of the pregnancy losses were in the third trimester of pregnancy. These findings demonstrate further that anticardiolipin antibodies are strongly linked to late pregnancy failure in patients with SLE.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1987

Inherited deficiency of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 does not cause susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus.

There is a deficiency of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) on the erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This receptor is involved in the processing of immune complexes. Whether the deficiency is inherited or acquired has been the subject of controversy. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), identified using a complementary DNA probe for CR1, has been correlated with the numeric expression of CR1 on normal erythrocytes. The gene frequency for the 2 alleles defined by this RFLP was compared in 44 patients with SLE (from 42 families), 43 of their consanguineous relatives, and 50 nonrelated normal subjects. The gene frequency for the alleles correlating with high and low expression of CR1 was 0.73 and 0.27, respectively, in the normal subjects. The gene frequency was not significantly different in the SLE patients. However, the SLE patients expressed fewer CR1 molecules per erythrocyte within each genotype, compared with normal subjects and compared with their consanguineous relatives. The low allele for numeric expression of CR1 on erythrocytes is not a disease susceptibility gene for SLE.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

Induced tolerance to Schistosoma mansoni antigens modulates periovular granuloma.

Immunological tolerance to Schistosoma mansoni antigens induced by oral exposure of neonatal and adult mice to adult worm, soluble egg and polysaccharide antigens conducted to modulated periovular granuloma of infected mice. However the tolerance do not interfere in the infection. The estimative population and subpopulation of lymphocytes in the spleen of tolerized (not infected) animals do not differ from normal animals but Lyt 2.2 reactive lymphocytes to Schistosoma antigens was demonstrated in the tolerized animals.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnostic relevance of saliva analysis in parotid tumors].

The stimulated parotid saliva of 32 patients with unilateral parotid tumours was analyzed with respect to flow rate, protein and IgA content, amylase, kallikrein and peroxidase activities, as well as protein patterns after application of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The values obtained were compared with those measured in the saliva of the contralateral healthy side. None of the parameters investigated yielded differences that could be relevant for the clinical diagnosis of parotid tumours.

Amylases↗
PubMed1987

Expression of MHC class I determinants on erythrocytes of SLE patients.

Strong expression of MHC Class I determinants had been observed on the erythrocytes of three genetically C4 deficient patients who all had SLE. In a study of 35 other SLE patients who were not C4 deficient, 30 showed a marked increase in the expression of MHC Class I on their erythrocytes. There was a correlation between the expression of erythrocyte Class I and disease activity. The polymorphic HLA determinants were detected by haemagglutination with human cytotoxic antisera from untransfused pregnant women. A shared monomorphic epitope of HLA-A, -B and -C, and beta 2-microglobulin were detected by haemagglutination with monoclonal antibodies. A monoclonal antibody for a monomorphic epitope on MHC Class II alpha and beta chains did not react. Erythrocytes from a group of RA patients and a group of normal controls had moderate and low expression respectively. We suggest that MHC Class I may be induced on erythrocytes maturing in a milieu containing mediators derived from activated cells of the immune system. Aberrant tissue expression of MHC antigens may be more widespread than has been previously recognized in diseases mediated by immune mechanisms.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Family study of the major histocompatibility complex in HLA DR3 negative patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to be governed by genes in the HLA region of the 6th chromosome. From previous studies it has not been possible to distinguish between the effects of null genes for the complement component C4 and HLA-DR3, because of the marked linkage disequilibrium between DR3 and a null allele of C4A (C4A QO) in caucasoid populations. We report here an immunogenetic study of 44 cases of SLE, selected because they were DR3 negative. Eighteen of the 30 Caucasoid cases (60%) had extended HLA haplotypes with a C4 null allele, compared with 22 of 60 (37%) of a control panel of 60 DR3 negative normal Caucasoid subjects. This difference is significant (chi 2 = 4.41; 0.05 greater than P greater than 0.01). Of 14 non-caucasoid patients analysed, 10 had a C4 null allele. It is concluded that the null alleles of the C4 A and B genes are themselves directly responsible for conferring susceptibility to SLE.

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

Ulcers.

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Bandages↗