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Biomedical subjects

J Dangoumau

Publications and source records attributed to J Dangoumau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Benzodiazepines and hip fractures in elderly people: case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether benzodiazepines are associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. DESIGN: Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS: All incident cases of hip fracture not related to traffic accidents or cancer in patients over 65 years of age. 245 cases were matched to 817 controls. SETTING: Emergency department of a university hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Exposure to benzodiazepines and other potential risk or protective factors or lifestyle items. RESULTS: The use of benzodiazepines as determined from questionnaires, medical records, or plasma samples at admission to hospital was not associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (odds ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 1.5). Hip fracture was, however, associated with the use of two or more benzodiazepines, as determined from questionnaires or medical records but not from plasma samples. Of the individual drugs, only lorazepam was significantly associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (1.8, 1.1 to 3.1). CONCLUSION: Except for lorazepam, the presence of benzodiazepines in plasma was not associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. The method used to ascertain exposure could influence the results of case-control studies.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1994

Adverse drug reactions: physicians' opinions versus a causality assessment method.

Since spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions depends on the physician's opinion of the relationship between the drug and the adverse event, we compared physicians' opinions with the scores obtained by the causality assessment method used in France. During a 2 month period, all physicians who reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to our pharmacovigilance centre expressed their opinions on the causal link by means of visual analogue scales. ADR reports were then assessed with the French causality assessment method by a clinical pharmacologist who was blind to physicians' opinions. The assessment by both physicians and the standardized method was performed for 75 ADR cases involving 120 drugs. Physicians used a wide range of assessments, with a preponderance of extreme scores, resulting in a U-shaped distribution, while the standardized method gave generally low scores. Scores given by physicians were very high (causality considered very likely or likely) in 60% of cases and very low (causality considered unlikely or dubious/possible) in 32% of cases. Scores obtained using the causality assessment method were low (causality dubious/possible) in 89% of cases and causality considered likely in only 11 cases, essentially in cases with positive rechallenge. Complete agreement occurred in only 6% of cases. Adding complete agreement and minor discrepancies raised the percentage to 49%.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal ceftazidime in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated in eight patients with chronic renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each subject was given ceftazidime 1 g intravenously and 1 g intraperitoneally at an interval of 1 week. Ceftazidime was assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. After intravenous administration, the pharmacokinetic parameters of ceftazidime were: elimination plasma half-life (t1/2 beta) = 24.6 +/- 4.6 hours; apparent volume of distribution (V(area)): 0.37 +/- 0.09 1/kg, total plasma clearance (CL): 11.9 +/- 3.3 mL/minute, peritoneal clearance (CLp): 1.7 +/- 0.3 mL/minute. Over 72 hours, only 15.6 +/- 4.7% of the dose was eliminated by the peritoneal route. After intraperitoneal administration, ceftazidime appeared in the plasma rapidly, and the peak plasma concentration of 24.5 +/- 5.2 mg/L was achieved at the fourth hour; the elimination half-life (t1/2ke) was 20.8 +/- 1.7 hours. The absorption of ceftazidime from the peritoneal space was 74.1 +/- 7.4%. These data suggest that ceftazidime has bidirectional exchange characteristics through the peritoneal membrane. A single 1-g intraperitoneal dose led to serum and dialysate concentrations of ceftazidime above the minimum concentrations for susceptible pathogen germs for 24 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Imputability of drug side effects].

By imputability it is meant the assessment of the probable responsability of a drug in the development of undesirable effect. Its principle is based on the evaluation of some criteria derived from observation (intrinsic imputability) or relevant literature (extrinsic imputability). Around ten imputability methods have so far been reported; although they are not comparable, personnel differences in evaluation may be avoided.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1978

Influence of phenylbutazone on bile flow in the rat.

Phenylbutazone, a well-known enzyme inducer, at a dose of 80 mg . kg-1 once daily for 8 days increases liver weight and bile flow expressed per g of liver (p less than 0.01). The bile salt secretory rate is not increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Circadian rhythm of bile secretion in the rat.

In rats the bile flow and the estimated bile acid independant flow (BAIF) were significantly lower at 17.00 h than at 08.00 and 24.00 h. The decrease in BAIF paralleled the decrease in liver weight. Bile acid excretion was not different.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Measurement of hepatic blood flow in the unanesthetized rabbit using 198Au and 125I Rose Bengal clearance technique.

Hepatic blood flow was measured in the unanesthetized rabbit using the clearance technique of 198Au and 125I RB. The values are: 71.82 +/- 16.24 ml-min-1-kg-1 for 198Au, and 60.21+/-9.94 ml-min-1-kg-1 for 125I RB (P less than 0.01). The overestimation of HBF with colloidal gold is probably due to extra splanchnic sequestration which has been estimated to be 15+/-3%. The week extraction of RB limits the use of this dye for measurements of HBF. HBF is easier to measure with 198 Au.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacoepidemiology: definitions, problems, methodology].

Pharmacoepidemiology aims to complete the evaluation of drugs made before approval, by providing reliable information concerning effectiveness, safety and utilization of medicines in realistic conditions. The goal may be only descriptive or aetiological. In the latter, the conclusions from observational studies can be jeopardized by systematic errors and cannot achieve the robustness of experimental designs. According to directionality, three main types of studies can be identified: cross-sectional, prospective and retrospective. Prospective and retrospective studies can be based on a single group (descriptive studies) or include a reference group (comparative or aetiologic studies). The interest of prospective studies is reduced when (1) the incidence of the considered event becomes low or (2) one intends to assess the effects of various causal factors. Retrospective studies are approaching their limits when (1) the prevalence of the exposure is low in the source-population or (2) several events or outcomes are concerned.

Humans↗