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Biomedical subjects

J D Wirtschafter

Publications and source records attributed to J D Wirtschafter.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Optic nerve axoplasm and papilledema.

A detailed review of optic nerve axoplasm is presented. A number of hypotheses have been postulated for the pathogenesis of papilledema associated with increased intracranial pressure. These hypotheses, mechanical and nonmechanical, are critically evaluated in relation to five essential features of papilledema. Theories, as well as clinical and experimental studies, of axonal transport are reviewed, and a new hypothesis is proposed: Papilledema is primarily a mechanical, nonvascular phenomenon in which an excess amount of extracellular fluid is present in the prelaminar region of the optic disc and the accumulation of that fluid results from the leakage of axoplasm from optic nerve fibers which are compressed posterior to the lamina cribrosa of the optic disc. The authors believe that this is the only existing hypothesis consistent with all the known facts about papilledema. Discussions by Drs. J. Terry Ernest, Thomas R. Hedges, and S. S. Hayreh follow the review.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simplified stimulus value notation using preferred stimulus combinations for Goldmann quantitative perimetry.

In an effort to return to the simplicity intended by Goldmann, the authors propose adoption of a two-digit stimulus value (SV) nomenclature for defining targen area luminance and contrast on a properly standardized Goldmann-type perimeter. The system is designed to aid the examiner in target selection, mental interpolation and isopter construction, and to facilitate computer manipulation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intralesional methylprednisolone for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the orbit and cranium.

A 27-month-old girl had a rapidly expanding orbital frontal bone mass due to Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. The CT of the orbit showed a lateral orbital mass containing an irregular density that extended into the intracranial cavity through a lytic lesion of the bone. This is the first report of the use in the orbit of an intralesional steroid injection. Five months later the lesion had not recurred. This treatment spared the patient radiation therapy or a craniotomy with curettage.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular motor apraxia associated with intracranial lipoma.

Congenital ocular motor apraxia is rarely associated with brain tumors. A 10-month-old girl with normal vertical eye movements and head thrusting to initiate horizontal saccades is presented. CT brain scan revealed a midline posterior fossa mass and histopathology confirmed the clinical diagnosis of lipoma. Unlike previously described cases of posterior fossa brain tumors associated with congenital ocular motor apraxia, this patient showed persistent ocular motor apraxia despite complete resection of the tumor.

Apraxias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Photographic comparison of pupillary and corneal diameters when one eye is deviated.

A method is presented for predicting the horizontal pupillary and corneal diameters when one eye is deviated. When the actual diameters are equal, the apparent diameter of the deviated pupil or cornea is equal to the cosine of the angle of deviation multiplied by the pupillary or corneal diameter of the undeviated eye.

Cornea↗