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Biomedical subjects

J D Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to J D Wilson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of preceding androgen therapy on testicular response to human pituitary gonadotropin in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a study of three patients.

There is some uncertainty about the choice of initial therapy to induce virilization in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) who may subsequently desire fertility. Three patients with HH and azoospermia are described. All had received long-term androgen therapy in fully virilizing doses, and two also received interval androgen therapy. Spermatogenesis occurred in all three patients after treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin and human pituitary gonadotropin, and the wives of all three conceived. For two patients conception occurred three times in response to gonadotropin therapy, and libido and potency were maintained with testosterone between each conception. It is concluded that preceding long-term therapeutic doses of androgen do not impair subsequent induction of spermatogenesis in patients with HH.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Monitoring personnel exposure to stainless steel welding fumes in confined spaces at a petrochemical plant.

This paper documents exposure to stainless steel welding fumes at a petrochemical plant. The situation evaluated may be separated into three categories: 1) evaluation of background concentration levels in a maintenance shop (area monitoring), 2) evaluation of personnel exposures during open air welding in a maintenance shop (personal monitoring), 3) evaluation of personnel exposures in confined space welding (personal monitoring). Thirty-five area samples and seventy-six personal samples were collected and analyzed for chromium (VI), total chromium, nickel, iron, copper, and total particulates. The background concentrations in the maintenance shop were found to be far below those felt to be harmful. Personnel exposures found in the maintenance shop during open air welding were also low, especially when compared to current OSHA permissible exposure levels. Contaminant levels found during confined space welding, as in distillation towers, were considered excessive. After several possible solutions to the problem were considered, it was decided to implement a mandatory air-line respirator program for all employees entering confined spaces during stainless steel welding operations.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1981

Physical properties of therapeutic aerosols.

This work describes results of measurements made to determine the size distribution of commonly used medical aerosols and the effect of high humidity on size distribution of some of those aerosols. If therapeutic aerosol particles change size considerably at high humidity, deposition quantity and site in the respiratory tract could be altered. If there is little change in size at high humidity, deposition could be estimated using theoretical deposition methods devised for deposition of stable particles. The results of this work suggest that the aerosol produced by most metered dose bronchodilator devices does not change size very much at high humidity.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

Immunoglobulin production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: helper T cell defect and B cell hyperreactivity.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 15 healthy control subjects were cultured and immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro was measured by immunofluorescent staining for intracytoplasmic Ig, a reverse haemolytic plaque assay to quantify cells secreting Ig and a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for Ig secreted into culture supernatants. Compared with normal PBL, lymphocytes from patients with SLE produced significantly fewer Ig-containing cells, Ig-secretion cells (ISC) and less Ig in supernatants in cultures stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). These differences were most pronounced during phases of disease activity. Culturing SLE PBL with a supernatant obtained from PWM-activated cultures of normal T lymphocytes partially restored their capacity to produce ISC. This observation suggests a helper T cell defect of SLE lymphocytes. In addition, PBL from patients with active SLE generated more ISC when cultured with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (S aureus) than with PWM. S. aureus-stimulated cultures of SLE PBL also generated more ISC than PBL from normal individuals. The S. aureus response of SLE lymphocytes did not correlate with disease activity. As S. aureus is a T cell-independent mitogen, the latter observations suggest that in SLE an intrinsic B cell hyperreactivity may be a more persistent defect whereas T cell defects are transitory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Fc receptors on lymphocytes from the blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients and normal controls: a comparison of four Fc receptor assays.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls (NC) were assayed for Fc receptors by four methods. Three of the four assays showed RA PBL to contain a greater proportion and number of Fc receptor-bearing cells than PBL from healthy controls. This confirmed our earlier report and indicated that the proportion of Fc receptor-bearing cells detected can be influenced by the test system. Neither the proportion of B, nor the non-B, non-T lymphocytes was consistently increased in RA PBL, suggesting that the increase found results from an increase in Fc gamma receptor-positive T cells.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1980

A double-blind study for the diagnosis of cows' milk allergy.

As a preliminary to investigating the mechanism by which cows' milk might provoke rhinitis a double-blind study was set up to identify a group of milk sensitive patients. Twenty-three patients with histories suggestive of sensitivity to dairy products, and whose symptoms had previously improved with milk avoidance yet recurred following milk challenge, entered the trial. During a six-day period the patients were twice challenged on a double-blind basis with 100 ml cows' milk. Twenty-one patients completed the study. Eight patients reacted to neither challenge, seven patients reacted to only one challenge, and six responded to both challenges. Only two of these six reacted identically to both challenges, and were considered to be milk allergic. It was concluded that cows' milk allergy of the immediate hypersensitivity IgE mediated form is rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Bone marrow transplantation in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

A caucasian female infant with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in second remission received a bone marrow transplantation. Engraftment was confirmed at 14 days following infusion of bone marrow from a sex-matched, ABO and HLA compatible sibling. 171 days posttransplantation the patient is clinically well and in haematological remission. A mild transient skin rash and hepatocellular disturbance, the only manifestations of graft versus host disease, responded successfully to high dose prednisone.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1980

Effect of low and high relative humidity on metered-dose bronchodilator solution and powder aerosols.

Physical properties of two metered-dose bronchodilator aerosols packaged as solutions and two aerosols packaged as finely ground powders were measured at low and high relative humidity. The aerodynamic size distribution and particle concentration were measured in real time using the single-particle aerodynamic relaxation time analyzer, which can measure the aerodynamic diameter of single suspended particles in the respirable size range. The count median aerodynamic diameter, the mass per dose were calculated. Significant increases were noted in the count median aerodynamic diameter, the total particles per dose, and the total aerodynamic mass median aerodynamic diameter for three aerosols and in the mass median aerodynamic diameter for two aerosols. The number of particles in the measured size range increased 3.6- and 4.1-fold for the droplet aerosols and 1.4-fold for the powder preparations. The aerodynamic mass per dose in the measured size range increased 5.7- and 11.4-fold for the droplet aerosols and 3.1- and 1.6-fold for the powder aerosols. These data indicate that all aerosols tested increased in size at high humidity and that aerosols dispensed as droplets may be more unstable than those dispensed as powders.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1980

The pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Development of prostatic hyperplasia is an almost universal feature of the aging man and dog, and in both species the process develops only in males with intact testes. As the result of studies of plasma hormone levels as a function of age, measurements of the concentration of androgen and of androgen receptor proteins within the prostate, and studies of the effects of the administration of various hormones on growth of the prostate in the castrated dog, it is possible to provide a working hypothesis as to the pathogenesis. Dihydrotestosterone accumulation within the gland serves as the hormonal mediator for the hyperplasia in both species; the accumulation probably occurs in part because of decreased catabolism of the molecule and in part because of enhanced intracellular binding of the molecule. The process is accelerated by estrogen, which enhances the level of the androgen receptor in the gland; increase in the androgen receptor allows for androgen-mediated growth even in the face of declining androgen production in advanced age. On theoretic grounds the therapeutic implications of this model are exciting; several potential medical treatments may be feasible that do not involve a chemical castration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The use and misuse of androgens.

Because testosterone is rapidly metabolized by the liver, it is necessary either to administer androgens by injection in the form of testosterone esters that are absorbed slowly into the circulation or to administer by mouth derivatives that are slowly metabolized by the liver. The later derivatives, however, have deleterious side effects that limit their usefulness. Long-acting parenteral androgen esters are the treatment of choice in the replacement therapy of male hypogonadism. Because these esters must be hydrolyzed to the free hormone prior to exerting their cellular actions the effectiveness of therapy can be monitored by following plasma testosterone levels. All known effects of the endogenous hormone can be duplicated except for the induction and maintenance of normal spermatogenesis. Androgens have been tried in a variety of clinical situations other than male hypogonadism in the hopes that the nonvirilizing actions would outweigh any detectable side effects. The only disorders in which a salutary effect has been documented are hereditary angioneurotic edema and some patients with anemia due to failure off the bone marrow.

Androgens↗
PubMed1980

Azatadine maleate in perennial allergic rhinitis: effects on clinical symptoms and choice reaction time.

1 The efficacy of the antihistamine azatadine maleate at maximum recommended dosage (4 mg/day) for 1 week was assessed relative to placebo in a double-blind crossover study of twenty patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. 2 Sixteen patients reported significant improvement in their clinical symptoms while taking the active drug. 3 The size of skin test weals for both histamine provocation and common inhalant allergens (prick test) diminished significantly after the azatadine treatment. There was no correlation between inhibition of skin reactions and symptom improvement. 4 Eight subjects reported sedative effects attributable to azatadine maleate. Their performance on a choice reaction to placebo occurred in the non-sedated group.

Adolescent↗