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Biomedical subjects

J D Turner

Publications and source records attributed to J D Turner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Gross hematuria in a patient with sickle cell trait.

Sickle cell trait must be included in the differential diagnosis of hematuria in black patients. Therefore, diagnostic workup should include hemoglobin electrophoresis, urine culture, coagulation studies, intravenous pyelography, cystoscopy, renal ultrasonography, and renal arteriography. If the patient is found to have hemoglobin AS and no other abnormality, initial therapy consists of bed rest and intravenous fluids, with transfusion of red cells if needed. Intravenous epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) has been used effectively to reverse hematuria in patients who do not respond to conservative management. In the case reported here, gross hematuria in a 24-year-old black woman resolved with use of EACA therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Identifiable neurons in the locust central nervous system that react with antibodies to serotonin.

A detailed account is given of a number of neurons in the locust central nervous system that react with antibody raised to serotonin-albumin complex. The antibody was applied to a series of frozen sections of locust ganglia and visualized by using the peroxidase immunohistochemical procedure. The neurons described include certain afferents and their related neuropiles, a small number of efferents and several systems of interneurons, some of which are segmentally repeated, some run from the brain through the whole nerve cord, while others are confined to the brain. It has been possible to identify many of the neurons from previous descriptions obtained from cobalt, Golgi, and osmium ethyl gallate methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) affects locomotor activity without producing a nigrostriatal lesion in the rat.

Drug addicts abusing heroin substitutes contaminated with N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and perhaps those who work with this substance, may develop symptoms similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease [7, 12, 13]. We describe the results of a study in which rats were given daily injections of MPTP for two weeks. A progressive suppression of activity was seen, but the subjects rapidly recovered when treatment ceased. The animals were then injected with D-amphetamine or apomorphine; the former drug enhanced activity, to levels seen in control (non-MPTP treated) subjects. Apomorphine had no effect, either on control or MPTP-treated subjects. The effects of acute (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg per rat) administration of MPTP were also studied. The two lower doses significantly decreased activity, but the highest dose did not. Histological examination showed that 2 weeks' treatment with MPTP did not produce neuronal degeneration in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SN). In these animals, there were no changes in levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or their metabolites in either the SN or the caudate nucleus. MPTP had no effect on the levels of neurotensin, somatostatin and substance P in several brain areas. It is concluded that MPTP has reliable effects on locomotor activity in rats without producing measurable histological or neurochemical changes in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1983

Reducing physician visits for colds through consumer education.

A randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial was conducted to determine if self-care instructions, coupled with a health education program, could reduce unnecessary visits to physicians for minor respiratory illness. A symptom-based algorithm was developed for determining the necessity of a physician visit and provided, along with a brief educational package on proper care of the common cold, to a randomly selected group of 433 families attending a family practice clinic. Subsequent clinic visits by family members were monitored and evaluated in relation to the algorithm, and results were compared with those obtained from a control group of 444 families. The subsequent rate of visits for upper respiratory tract infections classified as unnecessary using the algorithm was 44% lower in the test as compared with the control group, while the rate of necessary visits was only 15% lower. No increase was seen in complications of upper respiratory tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Change and correlates of change in high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol after six years: a prospective study.

Change and correlates of change in high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL and LDL) were studied in a prospective population-based study of 614 men and women in Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1972-1980. Correlations between baseline and follow-up examination an average of six years later were 0.72 for HDL and 0.68 for LDL, and 86% of HDL and 89% of LDL values were within +/- 30% of their original values. Predictions of HDL and LDL change were determined by multivariate analysis. Regression to the mean was the strongest single predictor of lipoprotein change and was more important than behavioral change. Among the behavioral variables, HDL change was positively associated with change in alcohol use in both sexes and with change in postmenopausal estrogen use in women and was inversely associated with change in obesity index in men. LDL change correlated positively with change in obesity index in both sexes. Change in reported cigarette use or exercise was unrelated to changes in HDL and LDL in this analysis. The similarity of lipoprotein values at baseline and follow-up suggests reasonable reliability and prognostic validity for a single HDL or LDL measurement. The multivariate analysis results generally confirm current cross-sectionally derived concepts about behavioral correlates of lipoproteins. However, the degree of regression to the mean indicates the wisdom of repeat measurements, particularly for persons with extreme values.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of changing dietary fat saturation on low-density lipoprotein metabolism in man.

The mechanism of change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by diets differing in fat saturation have been studied. Turnover of 125I-LDL was measured in eight subjects with type II hyperlipoproteinemia and in seven normal control subjects during two dietary periods containing 40% of calories as either safflower oil (polyunsaturated fat, PSF) or as lard (saturated fat, SF). Higher levels of LDL apoprotein and LDL-cholesterol were observed in both groups on saturated fat. Subjects with elevated LDL levels (type II) showed a more marked effect of polyunsaturated fat with 25% lower LDL production rate as compared to a reduction of only 10% for the control group. On the PSF diet, the production rate in type II (12.7 mg.kg-1.day-1) was not statistically different from normal subjects (10.5 mg.kg-1.day-1). On this diet, the higher levels of LDL cholesterol in the type II subjects (as compared to controls) were due to a lower fractional clearance rate, mean of 0.27/day compared to a mean of 0.39/day for the normal subjects. Although individuals with type II hyperlipoproteinemia may have a primary clearance defect, the major reduction in plasma cholesterol concentrations achieved with a diet high in polyunsaturated fat can be attributed to a significantly lower LDL production.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Limited exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction. Correlation with early coronary and left ventricular angiography.

Forty-eight patients within 3 weeks of myocardial infarction underwent both limited treadmill graded exercise testing and coronary and left ventricular angiography. Nineteen (90%) of 21 patients with positive exercise tests (greater than or equal to 1 mm ST depression, angina, or both) had multivessel coronary artery disease. In the 27 patients with negative exercise test results, 15 (55%) had multivessel disease, 11 (41%) had single-vessel disease, and one (4%) had no coronary stenosis. Exercise-induced ST segment elevation occurred in 24 patients and predicted a significantly lower ejection fraction and higher angiographic abnormally contracting segment size. Patients experiencing angina during or after exercise had a significantly shorter 2-year survival (54% +/- 21%) than patients without exercise-induced angina (97% +/- 3%) (p less than 0.03). Thus limited exercise testing postinfarction is useful in evaluating the presence of multivessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction and predicting long-term survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Multilaboratory evaluation of an ultrafiltration procedure for high density lipoprotein cholesterol quantification in turbid heparin-manganese supernates.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) can be quantitated by measurement of cholesterol in supernates after precipitation of low and very low density lipoprotein (LDL and VLDL) with heparin and Mn(2+). Supernatant turbidity, often observed with hypertriglyceridemic specimens, indicates incomplete sedimentation of LDL/VLDL and precludes accurate quantitation of HDL. Ten Lipid Research Clinic Laboratories compared an ultrafiltration technique for clearing turbid heparin-Mn(2+) supernates to current methods involving repeat precipitation of either the original specimen after dilution or the d > 1.006 g/ml fraction after removal of VLDL from the initial specimen by ultracentrifugation. Results for ultrafiltration of 429 turbid supernates averaged only slightly higher (1.0-1.1 mg/dl) than results by the dilution or ultracentrifugation methods on the same specimens, but this difference was found to be significant (P < 0.005). The agreement of the ultrafiltration method with the other two methods is indicated by the following linear regression equations: a), ultrafiltration = (0.964 x ultracentrifugation) + 2.4 mg/dl, and correlation coefficient = 0.926; and b), ultrafiltration = (0.936 x dilution) + 3.3 mg/dl, and correlation coefficient = 0.933. We conclude that ultrafiltration of turbid heparin-Mn(2+) supernates is a convenient alternative to precipitation after either dilution or removal of VLDL.-Warnick, G. R., J. J. Albers, P. Bachorik, J. Turner, C. Garcia, C. Breckinridge, K. Kuba, S. McNeely, G. Hillerman, P. King, R. Muesing, B. Most, and K. Lippel. Multi-laboratory evaluation of an ultrafiltration procedure for high density lipoprotein cholesterol quantification in turbid heparin-manganese supernates.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Morphology and ultrastructure of an identified histamine-containing neuron in the central nervous system of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis L.

An identifiable histamine-containing neuron is located on the anterior dorsal surface of the visceral ganglion of Lymnaea stagnalis L. After [3H]histamine was injected into the perikaryon of this neuron, labelled axonal ramifications were seen in the neuropils of all ganglia except the pedals and right cerebral, and labelled axons occurred in seven nerve trunks. Electron microscopical examination of the perikaryon of the histamine neuron revealed the presence of large aggregations of granulated vesicles (80-200 microns diameter), elaborate endoplasmic reticulum, and numerous mitochondria, Golgi complexes and lysosome-like organelles.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Combined effect of cholesterol feeding and sympathectomy on the lipid content in rabbit aortas.

There is indirect evidence that sympathetic innervation may have an effect on the metabolic rate of the vessel wall. to shed some light on this question, this investigation was designed to study whether or not diminished adrenergic nerve activity in the arterial wall leads to greater susceptibility to atherosclerosis. A total of 48 rabbits was studied of which, 26 were chemically sympathectomized. Both groups of rabbits were subdivided further into a group fed regular rabbit chow and a group fed regular rabbit chow containing 1% cholesterol. Both groups, control and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated, had similar plasma lipids as well as the lipid content in their aortae. After 80 days of 1% cholesterol dietary supplement the plasma lipids rose gradually with no significant difference between controls and 6-OHDA-treated animals. The aortas of sympathectomized rabbits contained significantly more cholesterol and total lipids than those from fully innervated controls. It is concluded that the the reduction of a continuous barrage of sympathetic nervous impulses to the arterial wall modifies its metabolism. In combination with additional exogenous influences, e.g. high cholesterol intake, the sympathectomized arteries become more susceptible to lipid accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Coronary angiography soon after myocardial infarction.

We evaluated 198 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction and performed selective coronary angiography in 117 of 131 (89 percent) patients who were deemed candidates for angiography by clinical criteria. Overall, left main CAD (greater than or equal to 70 percent stenosis) was found in ten patients (8.5 percent), three vessel CAD in 41 patients (35 percent), two vessel CAD in 37 patients (31.5 percent), single vessel disease in 27 patients (23 percent) and zero vessel disease in two patients (2 percent). Factors suggesting multivessel disease included older age, history of prior myocardial infarction, and post-infarction convalescence complicated by angina pectoris. Factors not discriminating between single and multivessel disease were sex, infarct extent (transmural vs non-transmural), (3) infarct location (anterior vs inferior), and post-infarction convalescence complicated by late arrhythmia or heart failure. This study demonstrates that multivessel coronary artery disease is common in survivors of myocardial infarction and is suggested by the occurrence of post-infarction angina and by the history of an antecedent myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography can be performed safely within 30 days after myocardial infarction in patients with an uncomplicated convalescence and with mild risk in those with a complicated convalescence.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Metabolic studies in an unusual case of asymptomatic familial hypobetalipoproteinemia with hypolphalipoproteinemia and fasting chylomicronemia.

A new kindred with asymptomatic hypobetalipoproteinemia is reported. The proband, age 67, differs from previously described cases in several respects: (a) unusually low levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (4-8 mg/dl); (b) normal triglyceride levels; (c) low levels of high density lipoprotein; (d) mild fat malabsorption; and (e) a defect in chylomicron clearance. On a high-carbohydrate diet his plasma triglyceride levels, instead of rising, actually fell. Turnover of triglycerides in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was low (2.8 mg/kg per h). Fractional catabolic rate of LDL protein was just above the normal range (0.655/d) but net turnover was <10% of normal (0.65 mg/kg per d). The half-life of his chylomicrons was 29 min, five times the normal value. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity was normal and apolipoprotein C-II, the activator protein for lipoprotein lipase, was present and functional. Apolipoprotein C-III(1), however, was not detected in the VLDL fraction, a finding previously reported in patients with abetalipoproteinemia. Fecal excretion of cholesterol was almost twice normal; total sterol balance was increased by congruent with40%. The unusual features in the proband that distinguish him from previously described cases and from his affected first-degree relatives suggested that, in addition to the basic gene defect affecting LDL metabolism, he might have a second abnormality affecting clearance of chylomicrons and VLDL. The ratio of apolipoprotein E(3) to E(2) in his VLDL fraction was 0.93, just below the lower limit of normal, suggesting heterozygosity for E(3) deficiency. Whether or not this contributes to his hypertriglyceridemia remains to be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hepatic triglyceride and lipoprotein lipase activities of post-heparin plasma in normals and hypertriglyceridemics.

Post-heparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were 8-34 and 3.5-21 (range) mu mol/ml/hr respectively in males with normal serum lipid concentrations. In females the corresponding values were 4-25 and 4-16 mu mol/ml/hr. No significant differences were observed between ages or between the two sexes. Male patients with hypertriglyceridaemia had similar activities of H-TGL but significantly lower values for LPL activities than the control males. Significant linear correlations were found between serum triglyceride concentrations and LPL activities both for males (coefficient of correlation = r = -0.64) and for females (r = -0.62).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cellular accumulation of amines and amino acids in the central ganglia of a gastropod mollusc, Planorbis corneus: an autoradiographic study.

The distribution of radioactivity was examined autoradiographically in ganglia exposed to 10 different tritium-labelled compounds, some putative transmitters and the others transmitter precursors. The autoradiographic pattern was found to vary greatly for different substances, suggesting the presence of several different accumulating systems in the ganglia. Identified amine-containing neurons take up their own transmitter substance specifically. However, whereas uptake by dopamine-containing, and presumed histamine-containing neurons occurs over both perikarya and processes, in 5-HT-containing neurons it appears restricted to axon processes. The transmitter precursors L-DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan were taken up by the perikarya of both dopamine- and 5-HT-containing neurons, possibly by the same uptake system. In high concentrations, tyramine was selectively accumulated by cells containing dopamine and by non-dopamine (possibly octopamine- or tyramine-containing) neurons, but in low concentrations it labelled only the latter. GABA labelled a separate population of neurons and was particularly concentrated in their processes. Some, if not all, of the neurons specifically labelled after exposure to glutamic acid are neurosecretory cells. Tyrosine and glycine appeared to be accumulated in a non-specific manner and many of the substances were also accumulated by glial cells or by parts of the connective tissue capsule.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗