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Biomedical subjects

J D Snyder

Publications and source records attributed to J D Snyder.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serologic studies of naturally acquired infection with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 in the United States.

The discovery of 11 persons infected with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 (biotype El Tor, serotype Inaba) in southwestern Louisiana in 1978 provided an opportunity to evaluate the serologic response to this agent in North Americans with naturally acquired infection. One antibacterial assay (vibriocidal assay) and two antitoxin assays (enzyme linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA] and rabbit skin permeability factor assay) were used. Antitoxin levels were elevated longer than vibriocidal antibody levels, and asymptomatic infected persons had levels of antitoxin and vibriocidal antibody levels, and asymptomatic infected persons had levels of antitoxin and vibriocidal antibody as high as those of persons with clinical cholera. With use of serologic criteria derived from these studies, one additional person infected with V. cholerae O1 was discovered, and a relatively low (4%-7%) prevalence rate of elevated levels of vibriocidal antibody and antitoxin was found in a serum survey of a community with several known cases. Comparison of the results from the ELISA and the rabbit skin permeability factor assay demonstrated similar rates of elevated levels of antitoxin, but the ELISA required less time and less serum per sample analyzed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Restaurant-associated type A botulism: transmission by potato salad.

In the period November 13-18, 1978, seven cases of type A botulism occurred in persons who had eaten in a restaurant in Colorado. The outbreak was recognized when two persons who had independently eaten at the restaurant were hospitalized with an illness compatible with botulism. Surveillance efforts identified five additional cases. Potato salad made at the restaurant and available for service during an 11-day period was epidemiologically incriminated as the vehicle of botulinal toxin transmission (p less than 0.00001). Laboratory studies showed that Clostridium botulinum spores on the surface of potatoes could survive baking in the manner used by the restaurant and that botulinal toxin could be produced in potatoes contaminated with C. botulinum spores.

Botulism↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of residual paralysis from paralytic poliomyelitis in a rural population of Bangladesh.

To estimate the prevalence of residual paralysis from poliomyelitis in children in one area of rural Bangladesh, a survey of the amount and original cause of lameness was undertaken. The International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh Matlab field area, which has been under demographic surveillance for 13 years, provided the study population of 25,000 children aged 5--14 years. The cause of the lameness identified for a child in the survey was based on criteria obtained from a health history questionnaire and a physical examination performed by a physician. The prevalence rate for residual paralysis of poliomyelitis estimated from the lameness survey was 0.84/1,000 children aged 5--14 years. Since lower extremity paralysis occurs in only about 80% of children with paralytic poliomyelitis, the prevalence rate for all cases of residual paralysis of poliomyelitis was calculated to be 1.05/1,000 children in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cholera--a possible endemic focus in the United States.

In September and October 1978, after a case of cholera had been discovered in southwestern Louisiana, 10 more Vibrio cholerae O-Group 1 infections were detected in four additional clusters. All 11 infected persons had recently eaten cooked crabs from five widely separated sites in the coastal marsh, and a matched-triplet case-control study showed a significant relation between cholera and eating such crabs (P = 0.007). V. cholerae O1 was isolated from estuarine water, from fresh shrimp, from a leftover cooked crab from a patient's refrigerator, and from sewage in six towns, including three without identified cases. All isolates in Louisiana and an isolate from a single unexplained case in Texas in 1973 were biotype El Tor and serotype inaba; they were hemolytic and of a phage type unique to the United States--suggesting that the organism persisted undetected along the Gulf Coast for at least five years.

Adolescent↗