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J D Rose

Publications and source records attributed to J D Rose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The epidemiology of herpes zoster and potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination in England and Wales.

The epidemiology of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) was quantified from a variety of data sources and the potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination assessed. The annual incidence and severity of zoster increases sharply with age, as measured by physician consultation and hospitalisation rates, average length of stay, average proportion of cases developing PHN and the age-specific case-fatality ratio. Combining these data with information on health related quality of life results in an estimated loss of 20000 quality adjusted life years (QALYs) annually in England and Wales from herpes zoster (17400 due to PHN). The current cost of treating herpes zoster associated disease is estimated to be 47.6m pounds annually. Since both the health and economic burden are high, vaccination of the elderly is expected to be cost-effective under most scenarios, the attractiveness of immunisation increasing with age due to the increased burden of disease in the very elderly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Low-sexually performing rams but not male-oriented rams can be discriminated by cell size in the amygdala and preoptic area: a morphometric study.

Brain regions of male sheep behaviorally classified as high-sexually performing (n=10), low-sexually performing (n=8) or male-oriented (n=9) were examined to determine if differences in reproductive behavior were associated with differences in density or sizes of neurons. High-sexually performing rams actively mounted estrous ewes, low-sexually performing rams failed to mount or had long latencies to mounting estrous ewes, and male-oriented rams mounted other rams in preference to ewes in estrus. Cell densities and sizes were quantified in Nissl stained sections through the medial amygdala (meAMY), preoptic area (POA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), lateral geniculate nucleus (LG) and medial geniculate nucleus (MG). Multivariate discriminant analysis based on soma sizes within nuclei of known importance for reproductive behavior and/or gonadotropin release (meAMY, POA, BNST and VMH) discriminated (Wilks Lambda P<0.05) low-performing rams from high-performing and male-oriented rams, but did not discriminate (Wilks Lambda P=0.14) between high-performing and male-oriented rams. Cell size in the parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the LG along with cells of the MG, structures without a specific role in reproduction, did not discriminate any of the three behaviorally defined groups of rams (Wilks Lambda P=0.57). Density of cells present in structures important for the display of reproductive behavior (POA, meAMY, BNST) and/or gonadotropin release (POA, VMH) had no discriminating power nor did density of cells in structures important for the processing of visual (LG) or auditory (MG) stimuli. In conclusion, significant differences in sizes of cells located within nuclei that are specifically important for the display of male reproductive behavior were found in low-sexually performing rams compared to high-sexually performing and male-oriented rams. These differences may result from neuron development in utero or occur later as a consequence of endocrine factors or behavioral experience. Neuronal cell size is a critical variable that determines excitability to synaptic inputs because cell surface area varies exponentially with cell diameter. Relatively small differences in neuron diameter could relate to functionally important differences in neuronal excitability.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2001

Fos-like immunoreactivity in brain regions of domestic rams following exposure to rams or ewes.

Limbic and basal forebrain-hypothalamic regions from male sheep differing in sexual performance were quantified for fos-like immunoreactivity. Rams classified as high-sexually performing (HP), low-sexually performing (LP), and male-oriented (MO) received noncontact sensory stimulation from either ewes in estrus (HP, n=5; LP, n=4; MO, n=4) or other males (HP, n=5; LP, n=4; MO, n=5) for a 4-h period on each of 3 consecutive days. Following exposure to stimulus animals on the third day, rams were euthanized and their brains were perfused with a 1% paraformaldehyde/1.5% glutaraldehyde solution and sections were analyzed for fos-like immunoreactivity. Brain regions analyzed were the medial amygdala (meAMY), medial preoptic area (mPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Fos-like immunoreactivity differed between groups in the mPOA and BNST but not in the meAMY or VMH. LP rams exposed to estrous ewes had more (P<.05) neurons staining positive for fos and fos-related antigens (FRA) in the mPOA and BNST than LP rams exposed to other rams or MO rams exposed to either estrous ewes or other rams. Numbers of neurons staining positive for FRA in the mPOA and BNST of LP rams exposed to estrous ewes, however, were not different (P>.05) from HP rams exposed to either estrous ewes or other rams. The similar fos-like immunoreactivity in areas important for the display of sexual behavior in HP and LP rams may reflect similar sensory input in these two groups of rams; however, LP rams, in contrast to HP rams, do not appear to respond similarly to the same sensory stimulus.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2001

A new stent-graft for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) has become an effective method of treatment for the complications of portal hypertension, however shunt dysfunction is common. Covered stent-grafts have been tested in animal models, and customized or "home-made" devices have been deployed in several institutions. We report the use of a new commercially available TIPSS stent-graft in six patients undergoing primary shunting as well as two cases of revision or secondary TIPSS. The device has proved relatively easy to handle and appears to have the technical features likely to improve primary patency. Further follow-up is required to properly assess shunt patency and re-intervention rates.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Do gastric and oesophageal varices bleed at different portal pressures and is TIPS an effective treatment?

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that gastric varices bleed at lower portosystemic pressure gradients (PSPG) than oesophageal varices and that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a particularly effective treatment in these patients. AIMS: This study was undertaken to assess the difference in PSPG measured at the time of TIPS insertion between patients bleeding from gastric and those bleeding from oesophageal varices. Rebleeding and mortality rates between the two groups were also compared. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a five year period, 64 patients (36 males and 28 females) undergoing TIPS for acute variceal bleeding had PSPG measured at the time of TIPS insertion. 12 patients underwent TIPS for gastric variceal haemorrhage (GVH) and 52 for oesophageal variceal haemorrhage (OVH). The median age was 53 years and 40/64 patients (63%) had alcoholic liver disease. The median Child's Pugh score was 8 for GVH and 9 for OVH patients. Median follow up was 75 weeks. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in median PSPG between patients with GVH, 21 mmHg (range 15-30 mmHg) and OVH, 22 mmHg (range 12-45 mmHg). Following TIPS, PSPG was 8.5 mmHg (range 3-11 mmHg) and 9 mmHg (range 4-20 mmHg) in GVH and OVH patients respectively. Rebleeding occurred in 2/12 (16%) GVH patients and 12/52 (23%) OVH patients (p= 1.0). Mortality during follow up was 25% (4/12) in the GVH and 25% (13/52) in the OVH patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, there was no difference between the pressures at which gastric and oesophageal varices bled. Rebleeding and mortality rates were similar in the two groups. TIPS is equally effective in the treatment of both oesophageal and gastric variceal haemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

In vivo degradation of tungsten embolisation coils.

It has been suggested that tungsten embolisation coils in intracranial aneurysms may dissolve in situ. These coils are also used, in much larger quantities, for the occlusion of larger vessels outside the cranium. This study was performed to investigate whether tungsten embolisation coils may become degraded in vivo and to examine whether this is radiographically evident on medium-term follow-up. 10 patients who had undergone aortic stent-graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (8 male and 2 female, mean age 69.7 years) and 10 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. The study group had also received an average of 64 cm of tungsten coil either to prevent or to treat an endoleak. Whole blood, serum and urine tungsten levels were assayed. Immediate post-operative and follow-up abdominal radiographs were reviewed by two consultant vascular radiologists to detect visible changes in the coils. Whole blood, serum and urine levels of tungsten were highly and significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in the study group compared with the controls. No radiographic changes in the coils were seen at an average of 16.7 months. In conclusion, tungsten embolisation coils dissolve in humans but radiographic changes are not apparent on medium-term follow-up. The clinical significance of these findings is uncertain but long-term follow-up is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Corticosteroid actions from neuronal membrane to behavior: neurophysiological mechanisms underlying rapid behavioral effects of corticosterone.

Investigation of the rapid suppression of male courtship clasping behavior by corticosterone in roughskin newts (Taricha granulosa) has led to the identification of a specific neuronal membrane receptor for this stress steroid. This paper describes studies of the neurophysiological effects of the rapid, membrane receptor mediated action of corticosterone on neurons that are involved in the control of clasping. In freely behaving newts, medullary neurons, including reticulospinal neurons, process clasp-triggering sensory signals and participate in control of clasping movements. Corticosterone injection causes these brainstem neurons to show selective depression of clasping-related sensorimotor function. These corticosterone effects appear in 3-10 min and are closely associated with the simultaneous depression of clasping. In addition to these functionally specific effects, corticosterone simultaneously causes widespread, primarily depressive effects on neuronal activity and excitability in the medulla and elsewhere in the brain. Thus, the membrane actions of corticosterone lead to diverse neural effects, including changes in membrane excitability as well as specific, network-level actions that are apparent only during behavior. These rapid corticosterone effects strongly interact with actions of the neuropeptides vasotocin and corticotropin-releasing factor, such that the form and magnitude of the steroid's effects depend on the prevailing neuroendocrine state of the brain.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2000

Motor skills of typically developing adolescents: awkwardness or improvement?

To identify sex differences and developmental trends in motor performance and coordination across three stages of development: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal, 60 participants, 30 males and 30 females, were assessed on 13 motor tasks. Physical characteristics that accompany puberty were used to classify the participants into the stages. Analysis of variance and covariate analyses demonstrated that motor performance improves throughout adolescence in both males and females and that sex differences exist in motor performance, males performing better than females. The magnitude of the stage and sex differences were demonstrated by large effect sizes (eta 2). The motor tasks of long jump, running speed, and throwing a ball principally distinguished between the males and females. Female performance differed less from male performance after puberty. Results showed no.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Portal hypertension secondary to arterio-portal fistulae: two unusual cases.

A 62-year-old male presented with variceal haemorrhage. Investigation demonstrated a fistula between the left gastric artery and portal vein with a porto-systemic gradient of 35 mm Hg. Variceal bleeding was controlled by a transcatheter embolisation of the fistula, but the patient died of septicaemia three weeks later. The second patient, a 42-year-old male who presented with variceal bleeding was shown to have diffuse arterio-venous fistulae involving the right lobe of the liver with a portosystemic gradient of 25 mm Hg. In this case the variceal bleeding was successfully controlled by insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The pathogenesis of portal hypertension in arterioportal fistulae and the role of interventional radiological techniques in the management of variceal bleeding in these patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Behavior and endocrine changes in high-performing, low-performing, and male-oriented domestic rams following exposure to rams and ewes in estrus when copulation is precluded.

High-performing, low-performing, and male-oriented rams were used to investigate behavior and neuroendocrine correlates of sexual interest and discrimination. Treatment consisted of visual and olfactory contact with stimulus animals through a woven wire fence, which inhibited copulation (either ewes in estrus or other rams), for 4 h on each of three consecutive days. Before exposure to stimulus animals on d 1 and during the final 1 h of exposure on d 2, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 1 h to determine concentrations of LH and testosterone. During exposure to stimulus animals, rams were continuously observed and investigatory behaviors were recorded. There was no day effect for any behavior. Groups of rams differed (P < .05) in amounts of behaviors exhibited, but behaviors were not influenced by sex of stimulus animals. High-performing rams exhibited more (P < .05) investigatory behaviors toward stimulus animals than low-performing or male-oriented rams. Plasma concentrations of LH increased (P < .05) in high-performing rams following exposure to estrous ewes, but not following exposure to rams. In low-performing and male-orientated rams, concentrations of LH were unchanged regardless of sex of the stimulus animal. Change in plasma concentrations of testosterone from pre- to posttreatment did not differ between high-performing, low-performing, and male-oriented rams. However, low-performing rams exhibited an increase (P < .05) in plasma concentrations of testosterone following exposure to rams. In conclusion, high-performing rams exhibit a high degree of investigatory behaviors toward estrous ewes and other rams. High-performing rams seem to discriminate sex of stimulus animals and exhibit a neuroendocrine response (i.e., increased plasma LH) only when exposed to ewes in estrus. The sensory signals provided by estrous females are either not detected by low-performing or male-oriented rams or are not sufficiently provocative to elicit further investigation by these rams.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Rapid, corticosterone-induced disruption of medullary sensorimotor integration related to suppression of amplectic clasping in behaving roughskin newts (Taricha granulosa).

Endogenously secreted or injected corticosterone (CORT) rapidly suppresses courtship clasping in male roughskin newts (Taricha granulosa) by an action on a specific neuronal membrane receptor. Previous studies, using immobilized newts, showed that CORT administration rapidly depresses excitability of reticulospinal neurons and attenuates medullary neuronal responsiveness to clasp-triggering sensory stimuli. The present study used freely moving newts to examine clasping responses and concurrently record sensorimotor properties of 67 antidromically identified reticulospinal and other medullary reticular neurons before and after CORT injection. Before CORT, reticulospinal neurons fired in close association with onset and offset of clasps elicited by cloacal pressure. Reticulospinal neurons also showed firing correlates of nonclasping motor events, especially locomotion. Neuronal activity was typically reduced during clasping and elevated during locomotion. Medullary neurons that were not antidromically invaded (unidentified neurons) usually showed sensorimotor properties that resembled those of reticulospinal neurons. Intraperitoneal CORT (but not vehicle) reduced the probability and quality of hindlimb clasping in response to cloacal pressure, especially within 5-25 min of injection. Simultaneously, responses of reticulospinal and unidentified neurons to cloacal pressure and occurrence of clasping-related activity were attenuated or eliminated. CORT effects were relatively selective, altering clasping-related neuronal activity more strongly than activity associated with nonclasping motor events. The properties of CORT effects indicate that the hormone impairs clasping by depressing processing of clasp-triggering afferent activity and by disrupting the medullary control of clasping normally mediated by reticulospinal neurons. The rapid onset of these CORT effects implicates a neuronal membrane receptor rather than genomic action of the steroid.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Post-regraft supra-hepatic caval obstruction in liver transplantation: a successful outcome with expandable stents. A case report.

Supra-hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction is an unusual complication following an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and is seen more often in hepatic regrafts. Dilatation of these stenotic lesions and the use of endovascular stents has been described in the past. Although the results of this technique are unquestionably superior to surgical correction, their use in the very early post-operative period is not without danger. Herein we describe a case where this modality was used successfully within 24 h of an OLT.

Dilatation↗
PubMed1998

A prospective endoscopic study of scalloped folds and grooves in the mucosa of the duodenum as signs of villous atrophy.

BACKGROUND: Scalloping of the valvulae conniventes visible at endoscopy may predict the presence of villous atrophy. This prospective study was designed to discover how commonly duodenal mucosal scallops and grooves occurred and to delineate their relationship to villous atrophy. METHODS: All patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy by a single observer over 5 years were included. After inspection of the duodenal mucosa, biopsy samples were taken from those in whom the mucosa was abnormal (n = 26) and from those in whom it was not, but where biopsy was indicated (n = 100). RESULTS: None of the 100 endoscopically normal controls had subtotal villous atrophy: 94 had normal histology, 2 had non-atrophic change, and 4 had partial villous atrophy; 14 of the 26 individuals (54%) with abnormal duodena had subtotal villous atrophy, 7 having both scallops and grooves. Four had scallops alone, and three had grooves only. All patients with both scallops and grooves had subtotal villous atrophy (100%), the positive predictive value of which was 36% for scallops alone and 38% for grooves alone. CONCLUSIONS: Scallops and grooves together indicate that subtotal villous atrophy is very likely histologically, even when that diagnosis has not been suspected. A normal duodenum excludes it.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Annual cycle of plasma testosterone in male copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix (Serpentes, Viperidae): relationship to timing of spermatogenesis, mating, and agonistic behavior.

Reproductive cycles of the majority of squamate reptiles remain undescribed. Few studies are available on seasonal patterns of circulating steroid hormones in snakes. The goal of this study was to document the annual cycle of plasma testosterone (T) in male copperheads Agkistrodon contortrix, a North American pitviper (Serpentes, Viperidae). Two experimental conditions were used in this laboratory study. One condition (repeat-test group) consisted of 10 adult males that were sampled once each month for 11 months. The other condition (single-test groups) consisted of 10 groups each with 5 males (N = 50), and each male was tested a single time. The single-test condition was used to evaluate whether or not repeated handling and sampling affected T levels. The study was conducted from February-December, 1992. A well-defined seasonal pattern of plasma T levels was detected; patterns were similar under both experimental conditions with the exception that the repeat-test group had slightly lower levels. Levels of T were lowest (baseline) in April-May, increased in early summer (June), and were highest in late summer (August). Thereafter, T levels declined up to the time of hibernation (early November) and changed little during hibernation (November-January). Upon emergence from hibernation in late winter (February), T levels increased sharply from February to March and then decreased from March to April. The results are discussed in the context of timing of spermatogenesis, mating, and male agonistic behavior.

Agkistrodon↗
PubMed1997

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a limited role in refractory ascites.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the management of patients with refractory ascites. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 25 consecutive patients for whom refractory ascites was the primary indication for TIPS insertion. SETTING: Regional liver unit at Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Twelve male and 13 female patients with a mean age of 58 years and mean Child-Pugh score of 10, treated with TIPS for refractory ascites between July 1992 and September 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect of TIPS on mortality, ascites and hospital admission rate. RESULTS: TIPS was successfully placed in all patients with a 59% mean reduction in portosystemic pressure gradient. Response rate was 68%, 48% and 33% at 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. Mortality was 48% at 3 months and 67% at 12 months, being higher in those patients older than 60, those with renal impairment and those with higher Child-Pugh score. Amongst nine patients surviving long term (> 12 months) the mean time spent in hospital in the 3 months before TIPS was 35 days and in the year following TIPS 30 days. Patients who died (16 in total) spent a mean of 19 days in hospital before TIPS, 10 never leaving hospital, and 6 who were discharged spent a mean of 19 days post procedure in hospital (mean survival 84 days). CONCLUSION: TIPS has a limited role in the management of patients with refractory ascites. It is not an appropriate treatment where patients are older than 60, have renal impairment (creatinine > 200 mumol/l) or have a Child-Pugh score greater than 10.

Ascites↗
PubMed1996

Corticotropin-releasing factor enhances locomotion and medullary neuronal firing in an amphibian.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administration has been shown to act centrally to enhance locomotion in rats and amphibians. In the present study we used an amphibian, the roughskin newt (Taricha granulosa), to characterize changes in medullary neuronal activity associated with CRF-induced walking and swimming in animals chronically implanted with fine-wire microelectrodes. Neuronal activity was recorded from the raphe and adjacent reticular region of the rostral medulla. Under baseline conditions most of the recorded neurons showed low to moderate amounts of neuronal activity during periods of immobility and pronounced increases in firing that were time-locked with episodes of walking. These neurons sometimes showed further increases in discharge during swimming. Injections of CRF but not saline into the lateral ventricle produced a rapidly appearing increase in walking and pronounced changes (mostly increases) in firing rates of the medullary neurons. CRF produced diverse changes in patterns of firing in different neurons, but for these neurons as a group, the effects of CRF showed a close temporal association with the onset and expression of the peptide's effect on locomotion. In neurons that were active exclusively during movement prior to CRF treatment, the post-CRF increase in firing was evident during episodes of walking; in other neurons that also were spontaneously active during immobility prior to CRF infusion, post-CRF activity changes were evident during immobility as well as during episodes of locomotion. Thus, a principal effect of CRF was to potentiate the level of neuronal firing in a population of medullary neurons with locomotor-related properties. Due to the route of administration CRF may have acted on multiple central nervous system sites to enhance locomotion, but the results are consistent with neurophysiological effects involving medullary locomotion-regulating neurons.

Animals↗