Biomedical subjects

J D Posner

Publications and source records attributed to J D Posner.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

Airway occlusion pressures in awake and anesthetized goats.

The pressures generated by the inspiratory muscles as they contract isometrically during airway occlusion seem to be a measure of respiratory neuron efferent activity. The ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to increasing levels of CO2 were studied in goats, awake and anesthetized, with and without inspiratory flow resistance. Hypercapnia was produced by rebreathing. Randomly, during rebreathing, inspiratory airflow was prevented on single breaths. Ventilation and pressures developed during the first 100, 200, 300 and 400 milliseconds of an inspiratory effort against a complete occlusion increased linearly with CO2 in both awake and anesthetized animals. Anesthesia reduced both the ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to CO2. Inspiratory resistance increased occlusion pressure responses in awake goats but not in the same animals when anesthetized. Inspiratory airflow resistance seems to augment respiratory efferent activity as reflected in the pressure responses only in conscious goats. Thus the response to an inspiratory resistance seems to depend on the state of consciousness.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries during the one repetition maximum assessment in the elderly.

PURPOSE: A decrease in strength, and its associated loss of functional ability is common among the elderly. Although resistance training can reverse this decline, associated injuries with frequently used strength assessments may present a greater risk. METHODS: To evaluate the injuries associated with maximal strength evaluations, 83 relatively healthy elderly subjects (40 men and 43 women, 65.8 +/- 6.2 years) with and without prior weight training experience performed 1 repetition maximum testing (1 RM) involving 5 different exercises: chest press, leg extension, abdominal curl, arm curl, and seated calf raise. Subjects were separated into three groups depending on weight training experience, Group 1 had no weight training experience (n = 32), Group 2 had < 6 months of training (n = 24), and Group 3 had > 6 months of training (n = 27). Injury assessment was made 30 minutes, 2 days, and 7 days posttesting. RESULTS: Two Group 1 subjects sustained an injury (2.4% of total subjects, 8% of Group 1). Eighty-one subjects safely completed the 1 RM assessment without injury (97.6% of total). Forty-eight of the 83 subjects complained of muscle soreness after testing (58% of total). This complaint alone was not sufficient to be categorized as an injury. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that 1 RM testing is an acceptable tool in strength evaluations in the elderly. Additional precautions may be needed in inexperienced, elderly individuals to prevent injury.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pain in the elderly hospice patient.

Pain in the elderly hospice patient presents a complex clinical problem that requires special attention because of the multiple physiologic changes in the older patient. Pain in the elderly is often under-treated despite the fact that this pain can be managed effectively and safely. A basic knowledge of the physiologic changes of aging, as well as the changes in pharmacokinetics, can help the clinician and the hospice team treat pain effectively while minimizing side effects for the patient and the family.

Aged↗