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Biomedical subjects

J D Osguthorpe

Publications and source records attributed to J D Osguthorpe.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

'Medial maxillectomy' for lateral nasal wall neoplasms.

Lateral rhinotomy and "medial maxillectomy," an en bloc resection of the medial maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus with the lamina papyracea, medial orbital floor, and lacrimal fossa-duct, have been advocated for lateral nasal wall neoplasma. Experience with 35 (of 41) patients followed up at least 30 months (median, 57 months) postoperatively is reported. There was a 9% recurrence for benign tumors and 15% for malignant neoplasms, the latter only in the patients with nonmelanoma malignant neoplasms not receiving postoperative radiotherapy. The most frequent complications were cavity crusting, epicanthal scarring, and epiphora.

Adolescent

Head and neck burns. Evaluation and current management.

More than half of the 150,000 burn patients hospitalized in the United States each year have head and neck involvement, with 3% to 7% sustaining concomitant inhalation injury. With advances in fluid replacement therapy and specialized burn care units, mortality has fallen from near 100% to 24% for burns of 75% to 90% of body surface area. The most common causes of death are respiratory complications and sepsis. Inhalation injuries can be diagnosed by laryngoscopy, and compromised airways can then be intubated (with tracheotomy for long-term management) and sloughing mucosa and inspissated mucus removed by serial bronchoscopy. Sepsis is minimized by early excision of burn eschar and autografting or, in the widely burned, temporary coverage with cadaver allograft, porcine xerograft, or skin substitutes until successive crops of autografts are available. The head and neck presents substantial reconstructive and rehabilitative challenges, which must be addressed in aesthetic units.

Burns

Orbital wall fractures: evaluation and management.

Over a 49-month period, 121 orbital wall fractures were treated and 92 were followed for a median of 6.5 months (minimum, 3 months). Associated injuries included a 17% incidence of serious globe or optic nerve injuries and 13% incidence of lacrimal drainage disruption. Diplopia occurred in 23% and dystopia in 11%. Management was by observation alone in 14% and exploration in the remainder, with layered gelfilm for defects smaller than 4 cm2, alloplastic sheeting for defects to 6 cm2, and outer cortex of parietal bone for larger dehiscences. There were no decrements in vision from operation, dystopias were corrected to within 2 mm of normal, and diplopia persisted only in those with extraocular muscle paresis. There was no benefit to exploration of orbital wall defects smaller than 2.5 cm2 or with reduction of other midfacial fractures (e.g., malar) when neither dystopia nor entrapment was present, because defects not obturated in such cases had no sequelae.

Adult

Management of trauma of the facial nerve.

The general principles of management of trauma to the facial nerve from a variety of causes are presented and the indications for and timing of surgery are reviewed. Attention is given to management techniques unique to injuries of the extracranial, intratemporal, and intracranial divisions of the nerve.

Cranial Nerve Diseases

Occupational hearing conservation.

Chronic exposure to high-intensity noise can produce permanent hearing loss, the amount of which depends on noise intensity, temporal and spectral characteristics, and the length of exposure. OSHA regulates workplace noise exposure in accordance with the Hearing Conservation Amendment of 1983. When noise levels equal or exceed an 85 dBA time-weighted average (TWA), the employer is required to provide annual audiometric screening. When noise levels exceed 90 dBA TWA, the worker's exposure must be reduced by engineering methods, administrative changes, or personal hearing protectors. If a worker demonstrates a standard (significant) threshold shift (10 dB or greater increased average hearing threshold at 2, 3, and 4 kHz in either ear) that is attributed to noise, the worker's exposure must be further reduced by one of the aforementioned methods.

Ear Protective Devices

Nasolacrimal obstruction after maxillary sinus and rhinoplastic surgery.

Transient nasolacrimal obstruction is a common complication of maxillary sinus, as well as rhinoplastic surgery. Permanent epiphora, however, is unusual. This communication describes 11 patients with surgical injury to the lacrimal drainage system, which necessitated dacryocystorhinostomy for correction. Seven of these cases occurred subsequent to nasoantral window procedures, three occurred after rhinoplasty, and one resulted from a partial maxillectomy. It has been shown that the two areas most vulnerable to inadvertent surgical injury are the nasolacrimal sac, located just beneath the medial canthal ligament, and the ductal ostium in the inferior meatus. We discuss the relevant anatomy of the nasolacrimal apparatus, in addition to surgical methods for avoiding injury to the system. We also describe the currently applied techniques for diagnosing and managing lacrimal obstruction and review the literature.

Adult

Obstructing laryngeal carcinoma with a simultaneous lung lesion.

The consultants all agree to treat this patient who has a seemingly poor prognosis. However, they disagree as to the method and order of treatment. A patient's nutritional status is taken seriously by all 3 experts, although no one would delay surgery to correct a patient's weight loss. Drs. Komisar and Miller consider a weight loss of 10% significant and prefer to assess a patient with lymphocyte counts, serum albumin and transferrin levels, and creatinine/height index. Dr. Osguthorope follows serum hemoglobin, transferrin, prealbumin, and albumin levels. All the experts prefer an enteral route for weight gain. With regard to diagnosis, the experts agree that endoscopy plays an important role in tumor staging. Drs. Komisar and Osguthorpe believe that a tracheotomy should be performed prior to endoscopy. Dr. Miller would prefer intubation with an endotracheal tube but if there were any question of safety, he would proceed with a tracheotomy under local anesthesia. Confirming the histology of the pulmonary lesion is important. Dr. Komisar would proceed with flexible bronchoscopy and if tissue could not be obtained with this method he would obtain a fine-needle biopsy. He believes that if the histology matches that of the larynx, the pulmonary lesion is a metastasis. Dr. Osguthorpe would also obtain a needle biopsy of the lung lesion. If no other lesions are seen on the CT, he would consider this a second primary. Dr. Miller states that unless the histologies are different, the question of primary vs metastatic disease is unanswerable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged

Trichoepithelioma: report of an unusual case and review of the literature.

Trichoepitheliomas are benign and uncommon skin tumors presenting in the head and neck region. Although they can be solitary, they occur more frequently as multiple lesions with an autosomal dominant inheritance. To the surgeon, they often present the problem of clinical differentiation from basal-cell carcinoma. An unusual case is described, and experience in the treatment of 19 patients is reviewed.

Aged

Acute laryngeal abscesses.

The clinical features of laryngeal abscess have changed markedly since the introduction of antibiotics and are rarely seen by clinicians today. Three cases of acute laryngeal abscess associated with malignancy, airway instrumentation and a preexisting laryngocele respectively are presented. Management of these cases included immediate tracheostomy, intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage. Current etiological factors and modes of presentation are discussed. Laryngeal abscess remains a serious and potentially lethal problem requiring emergent treatment. Serious sequelae may result from this disease.

Abscess

The effects of experimentally-produced middle ear lesions on tympanometry in cats.

Tympanometry was performed before and after producing specific lesions in the middle ears of cats. The lesions selected for study included stapes fixation, ossicular discontinuity, and scarred tympanic membranes. Stapes fixation resulted in marked increases in middle ear impedance, easily detected with tympanometry. Ossicular discontinuity resulted in complex tympanometric shapes which were easily accounted for by simple interactions between acoustic resistance and reactance. The complex shapes that occurred in normal and abnormal ears with pressure changing from negative to positive resulted from more complicated interactions. Large surgical incisions in the posterior-superior quadrant of the eardrum were quite visible at otoscopy but could not be detected tympanometrically one month after surgery.

Acoustic Impedance Tests