Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J D Oliver

Publications and source records attributed to J D Oliver.

93 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobial action of some GRAS compounds against Vibrio vulnificus.

Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium indigenous to estuarine waters and is known to be a significant human pathogen. Infections are generally associated with the consumption of raw oyster. In an attempt to identify possible antimicrobial agents against this organism that might be used in foods, ten compounds that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA were tested against both the opaque and translucent morphotypes of V. vulnificus. Eight of those compounds had a lethal effect for both morphotypes of this bacterium. Diacetyl had the lowest lethal concentration (50 ppm) of the GRAS compounds tested within 24 h. Lactic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole possessed lethal activities at 300 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively, within 3 h. The mode of action of lactic acid against V. vulnificus appears to be an effect primarily of pH, while the antimicrobial activities of diacetyl and BHA appeared not to be affected by pH. No significant differences were found for opaque to translucent, or from translucent to opaque switching, in examining the possible effects of the GRAS compounds on colonial morphology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospitalizations for bacterial septicemia after renal transplantation in the united states.

BACKGROUND: It is common belief in the transplant community that rates of septicemia in transplant recipients have declined, but this has not been studied in a national population. METHODS: Therefore, 33,479 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System from July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1997 were analyzed in a retrospective registry study of the incidence, associated factors, and mortality of hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of septicemia (ICD9 Code 038.x). RESULTS: Renal transplant recipients had an adjusted incidence ratio of hospitalizations for septicemia of 41.52 (95% CI 35.45-48.96) compared to the general population. Hospitalizations for septicemia were most commonly associated with urinary tract infection as a secondary diagnosis (30.6%). In multivariate analysis, diabetes and urologic disease, female gender, delayed graft function, rejection, and pre-transplant dialysis, but not induction antibody therapy, were associated with hospitalizations for septicemia. Recipients hospitalized for septicemia had a mean patient survival of 9.03 years (95% CI 7.42-10.63) compared to 15.73 years (95% CI 14.77-16.69) for all other recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the modern era, renal transplant recipients remain at high risk for hospitalizations for septicemia, which are associated with substantially decreased patient survival. Newly identified risks in this population were female recipients and pre-transplant dialysis.

Adult↗