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Biomedical subjects

J D Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to J D Nelson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta in synovial fluid of infants and children with suppurative arthritis.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta concentrations were measured in synovial fluid of 24 infants and children with diagnoses of suppurative arthritis (n = 16) and other kinds of arthritis (n = 8). Large concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (range, 100 to 85,000 pg/mL) were found in 12 (75%) of 16 patients with bacterial infection and in none of the patients with noninfectious origins. Large concentrations of interleukin 1 beta (greater than 200 pg/mL) were found in 15 (94%) of 16 patients with bacterial infection and in none of the other patients. In the latter group, small concentrations of interleukin 1 (range, 40 to 120 pg/mL) were present in 5 (63%) of 8 patients. Serum samples obtained simultaneously were negative for both cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta concentrations correlated significantly and with leukocyte counts in synovial fluid. We conclude that large concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta are produced locally in patients with suppurative arthritis and they may be potentially useful in differentiating this condition from other kinds of arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Loracarbef concentrations in middle ear fluid.

Loracarbef concentrations in plasma and middle ear fluid (MEF) were measured in specimens obtained approximately 2 h after doses of 7.5 or 15 mg/kg. The mean +/- standard deviation concentrations in MEF were 2.0 +/- 2.6 mg/liter (48% of the concentration in plasma) after the smaller dose and 3.9 +/- 2.6 mg/liter (42% of the concentration in plasma) after the larger dose. With the larger dose, the concentrations in MEF were greater than the MIC for 90% of strains of the usual pathogens of acute otitis media tested in 16 of 17 specimens.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1990

Corneal epithelial wound healing: a tissue culture assay on the effect of antibiotics.

The effects of gentamicin, tobramycin and the fluorquinolone, ofloxacin on corneal epithelial wound healing were determined using an in vitro model of wound healing. Wounds were created in rabbit corneal epithelial cultures which were then exposed to various concentrations of the antibiotics. Effects on wound healing were measured by comparing migration rates between 6 and 18 hours and wound areas at various antibiotic concentrations over 36 hours. Gentamicin at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/ml was found to statistically significantly effect wound healing compared to controls. Tobramycin on the other hand was found to have minimal effect on wound healing up to 2.0 mg/ml. Ofloxacin at concentrations greater than or equal to 0.05 mg/ml had statistically significant effects on wound-healing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Acute osteomyelitis in children.

Although relatively uncommon, osteomyelitis is an important disease because of the potential for chronicity or permanent sequelae. Diagnostic methods, the spectrum of the disease, and clinical situations that merit special consideration are reviewed in this article.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Managing the dry eye. Accurate diagnosis is the key.

In patients with symptoms of dry eye, a complete patient history and thorough clinical examination are necessary to determine the exact cause. Laboratory and histologic studies provide supportive evidence of the diagnosis. Treatments include the correction of anatomic abnormalities, protecting the eye from the environment, use of artificial tears and ointments, lid hygiene, punctal occlusion, and tarsorrhaphy. When inflammatory or immunologic processes are involved, local and systemic immunosuppression may be indicated.

Dry Eye Syndromes↗
PubMed1989

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK).

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) is a disease characterised by inflammation of the upper palpebral and superior bulbar conjunctiva, keratinisation of the superior limbus and corneal and conjunctival filaments. It may be associated with other diseases such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. Although its exact aetiology is unknown, a mechanical hypothesis seems most attractive. Treatment is aimed at altering the abnormal mechanical interaction of the upper lid and superior corneal limbus.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin genes with a single RNA probe.

A single RNA probe was synthesized and used to detect simultaneously the methanol-soluble heat-stable enterotoxin and heat-labile enterotoxin genes in Escherichia coli strains. The results with the biotinylated or radioactive probe correlated 100% with the biological assay results for both toxins. The RNA probe detected the three known heat-stable enterotoxin A alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1989

Transient abdominal granulomas in children.

Space-occupying liver lesions in febrile patients are usually caused by tumor or infection and other causes are seldom encountered. In five patients age 20 months to 12 years who were evaluated for fever of unknown origin, imaging studies revealed hepatic nodules consisting of transient, sterile granulomas for which no cause could be determined. Stellate architecture histologically supported clinical evidence of subacute bacterial infection. Imaging modalities included: 99Tc-sulfur colloid (n = 2) and 67Ga (n = 2) scintigraphy; ultrasound (n = 5); computed tomography (n = 4); and magnetic resonance imaging (n = 2). Peripheral low density, as revealed by computed tomography in one and hyperintense halos on magnetic resonance imaging of another patient are both considered predictive for neoplastic disease but were associated with granulomas. The differential diagnosis of macroscopic liver lesions seen on imaging studies in febrile children should include the possibility of transient, idiopathic granulomas.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Sodium hyaluronate and polyvinyl alcohol artificial tear preparations. A comparison in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

An unpreserved artificial tear substitute containing 0.1% sodium hyaluronate was compared with a preparation containing 1.4% polyvinyl alcohol and 0.5% chlorobutanol in a controlled, double-masked, randomized study in patients with moderately severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Patients were evaluated initially, at 1, 4, and 8 weeks. The dry-eye status was evaluated by means of tear-film osmolality, tear breakup time, rose bengal staining, Schirmer's test (without anesthesia), and ocular surface-impression cytology. In general, neither preparation was found to be superior to the other. In both study groups, the mean tear-film osmolality and rose bengal staining score improved over the eight-week study, but the degree of squamous metaplasia of the bulbar conjunctival surface, as shown by impression cytology, did not change significantly.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Five vs. ten days of therapy for acute otitis media.

In a double blind study 175 patients with acute otitis media were randomized into 2 treatment groups: 10 days of therapy with cefaclor or 5 days of therapy followed by 5 days of placebo. The dosage of cefaclor was 40 mg/kg/day administered orally in equally divided doses at 12-hour intervals. Tympanocentesis before treatment yielded specimens that contained Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae or both in 55% of specimens. Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from 21% of specimens. Culture of material from the ear canal of patients with spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane of less than 24 hours duration yielded pneumococci or H. influenzae or both in 38% of specimens and staphylococci in 31%. Patients were scheduled for follow-up examinations at 5 or 6, 10, 30, 60 and 90 days. Of the 175 children 151 were evaluable at 10 days. There were 123 patients with both tympanic membranes intact at the time of diagnosis. There were 6 (10%) treatment failures of therapy in the 59 patients assigned to 5 days of therapy and 4 (6%) failures and 1 (2%) early relapse in the 64 assigned to 10 days of therapy (difference not significant). There were 28 evaluable patients with spontaneous perforation. There were 8 (53%) failures in the 15 children assigned to 5 days of therapy and only 1 (8%) failure in the 13 children assigned to receive 10 days of therapy (P = 0.016, Fisher exact test). Rates of reinfection and persistent middle ear effusion at 10, 30, 60 and 90 days follow-up were not significant different in patients assigned to 5 to 10 days of therapy. In patients with acute otitis media with intact tympanic membranes we have not been able to show any advantage of the standard duration of 10 days of therapy over a shortened course of 5 days. A 5-day course of antibiotic therapy does not appear to be sufficient for children with acute otitis media and spontaneous purulent drainage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Haemophilus influenzae type b osteomyelitis in infants and children.

Haemophilus influenzae type b has rarely been implicated as a pathogen of osteomyelitis in infants and children. Sixteen cases of Haemophilus osteomyelitis were identified in a 28-year review, representing 4.4% of all cases during that period. In the 1 to 24 months age group, H. influenzae type b caused 13.3% of all cases of osteomyelitis. The mean age was 15 months (range, 12 days to 34 months). All cases had fever, 75% had a history of a preceding respiratory tract infection, 75% had localized swelling, 69% had decreased range of motion of the affected or adjacent joint, 38% had local erythema and 13% had localized tenderness. The lower extremities were involved more often than the upper limbs. Concurrent adjacent suppurative arthritis was present in 75% and meningitis in 19% of patients. Clinical resolution was satisfactory in all but two of our patients, and both were associated with suppurative arthritis and inadequate surgical drainage.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗